Updated version numbers to 1.8.0

Change-Id: I9cf9fe1e2572d3f9c4066624a87249ca1e62a297

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Thank you for submitting an issue!
+
+Please make sure you include the names of the affected language(s), compiler version(s), operating system version(s), and FlatBuffers version(s) in your issue title.
+
+This helps us get the correct maintainers to look at your issue. Here are examples of good titles:
+
+- Crash when accessing FlatBuffer [C++, gcc 4.8, OS X, master]
+- Flatc converts a protobuf 'bytes' field to 'string' in fbs schema file [all languages, FlatBuffers 1.4]
+
+Include other details as appropriate.
+
+Thanks!

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Thank you for submitting a PR!
+
+Please make sure you include the names of the affected language(s) in your PR title.
+This helps us get the correct maintainers to look at your issue.
+
+If you make changes to any of the code generators, be sure to run
+`cd tests && sh generate_code.sh` (or equivalent .bat) and include the generated
+code changes in the PR. This allows us to better see the effect of the PR.
+
+If your PR includes C++ code, please adhere to the Google C++ Style Guide,
+and don't forget we try to support older compilers (e.g. VS2010, GCC 4.6.3),
+so only some C++11 support is available.
+
+Include other details as appropriate.
+
+Thanks!

.gitignore

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 *.o.d
 *.class
 *.a
+*.swp
 *~
 *.vcxproj
 *.vcxproj.filters
@@ -40,12 +41,17 @@ flatsamplebinary
 flatsamplebinary.exe
 flatsampletext
 flatsampletext.exe
+grpctest
+grpctest.exe
 snapshot.sh
+tags
 tests/go_gen
 tests/monsterdata_java_wire.mon
 tests/monsterdata_go_wire.mon
 tests/monsterdata_javascript_wire.mon
 tests/unicode_test.mon
+tests/ts/
+tests/php/
 CMakeLists.txt.user
 CMakeScripts/**
 CTestTestfile.cmake
@@ -55,9 +61,23 @@ build/Xcode/FlatBuffers.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/**
 FlatBuffers.xcodeproj/
 java/.idea
 java/*.iml
-java/target
-**/*.pyc
 .idea
+*.iml
+target
+**/*.pyc
 build/VS2010/FlatBuffers.sdf
 build/VS2010/FlatBuffers.opensdf
 build/VS2010/ipch/**/*.ipch
+*.so
+Testing/Temporary
+.cproject
+.settings/
+.project
+net/**/obj
+node_modules/
+android/.externalNativeBuild/
+android/.gradle/
+android/build/
+samples/android/.externalNativeBuild/
+samples/android/.gradle/
+samples/android/build/

.travis.yml

@@ -1,30 +1,58 @@
-language: cpp
-
-os:
-- linux
-- osx
-
-compiler:
-  - gcc
-  #- clang
-
 env:
-  matrix:
-    - BUILD_TYPE=Debug BIICODE=false
-    - BUILD_TYPE=Release BIICODE=false
-    - BUILD_TYPE=Release BIICODE=true
-    - BUILD_TYPE=Debug BIICODE=true
   global:
+    # Set at the root level as this is ignored when set under matrix.env.
     - GCC_VERSION="4.9"
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - language: cpp
+      os:
+      - linux
+      - osx
       
-before_install:
+      compiler:
-- if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test; fi
+        - gcc
-- if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo apt-get update -qq; fi
+        #- clang
-- if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo apt-get install -qq g++-$GCC_VERSION; fi
-- if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo apt-get install -qq gcc-$GCC_VERSION; fi
-- if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo ln -s -v -f $(which g++-$GCC_VERSION) /usr/bin/g++; fi
-- if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo ln -s -v -f $(which gcc-$GCC_VERSION) /usr/bin/gcc; fi
       
-script:
+      env:
-- if [ "$BIICODE" == "false" ]; then cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$BUILD_TYPE . && make && make test; fi
+        matrix:
-- if [ "$BIICODE" == "true" ] && [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then ./biicode/support/bii-travis.sh $BUILD_TYPE; fi
+          - BUILD_TYPE=Debug BIICODE=false
+          - BUILD_TYPE=Release BIICODE=false
+          # biicode .deb files no longer available.
+          # - BUILD_TYPE=Release BIICODE=true
+          # - BUILD_TYPE=Debug BIICODE=true
+      
+      before_install:
+      - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test; fi
+      - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo apt-get update -qq; fi
+      - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo apt-get install -qq g++-$GCC_VERSION; fi
+      - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo apt-get install -qq gcc-$GCC_VERSION; fi
+      - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo ln -s -v -f $(which g++-$GCC_VERSION) /usr/bin/g++; fi
+      - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo ln -s -v -f $(which gcc-$GCC_VERSION) /usr/bin/gcc; fi
+      
+      script:
+      - if [ "$BIICODE" == "false" ]; then cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$BUILD_TYPE . && make && make test; fi
+      - if [ "$BIICODE" == "true" ] && [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then ./biicode/support/bii-travis.sh $BUILD_TYPE; fi
+
+    - language: android
+      sudo: true
+      android:
+        components:
+          - tools
+          - platform-tools
+          - build-tools-25.0.2
+          - android-25
+          - extra-android-m2repository
+      compiler:
+        - gcc
+      before_install:
+        - git clone https://github.com/urho3d/android-ndk.git $HOME/android-ndk-root
+        - export ANDROID_NDK_HOME=$HOME/android-ndk-root
+        # Setup environment for Linux build which is required to build the sample.
+        - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test; fi
+        - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo apt-get update -qq; fi
+        - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo apt-get install -qq g++-$GCC_VERSION; fi
+        - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo apt-get install -qq gcc-$GCC_VERSION; fi
+        - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo ln -s -v -f $(which g++-$GCC_VERSION) /usr/bin/g++; fi
+        - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then sudo ln -s -v -f $(which gcc-$GCC_VERSION) /usr/bin/gcc; fi
+      script:
+        - failed=0; for build_gradle in $(git ls-files | grep build.gradle); do ( cd "$(dirname "${build_gradle}")" && ./gradlew build ) || failed=1; done; exit $((failed))

CMake/BuildFlatBuffers.cmake

@@ -63,6 +63,13 @@ function(build_flatbuffers flatbuffers_schemas
     set(FLATC_TARGET flatc)
     set(FLATC flatc)
   endif()
+  set(FLATC_SCHEMA_ARGS --gen-mutable)
+  if(FLATBUFFERS_FLATC_SCHEMA_EXTRA_ARGS)
+    set(FLATC_SCHEMA_ARGS
+      ${FLATBUFFERS_FLATC_SCHEMA_EXTRA_ARGS}
+      ${FLATC_SCHEMA_ARGS}
+      )
+  endif()
 
   set(schema_glob "*.fbs")
   # Generate the include files parameters.
@@ -86,7 +93,7 @@ function(build_flatbuffers flatbuffers_schemas
       set(generated_include ${generated_includes_dir}/${filename}_generated.h)
       add_custom_command(
         OUTPUT ${generated_include}
-        COMMAND ${FLATC} --gen-mutable
+        COMMAND ${FLATC} ${FLATC_SCHEMA_ARGS}
         -o ${generated_includes_dir}
         ${include_params}
         -c ${schema}

CMake/FlatbuffersConfig.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/FlatbuffersTargets.cmake" OPTIONAL)
+include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/FlatcTargets.cmake" OPTIONAL)
+include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/FlatbuffersSharedTargets.cmake" OPTIONAL)
+

CMake/PackageDebian.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# ------------------- Debianization ---------------------
+if (UNIX)
+
+    # Set build environment
+    SET(CPACK_GENERATOR "TGZ;DEB")
+    SET(CPACK_SOURCE_TGZ "ON")
+
+    # Common package information
+    SET(CPACK_PACKAGE_DESCRIPTION_SUMMARY
+        "FlatBuffers is an efficient cross platform serialization library for C++, with support for Java, C# and Go. It was created at Google specifically for game development and other performance-critical applications.")
+    SET(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_HOMEPAGE "https://github.com/google/flatbuffers")
+    SET(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_MAINTAINER "Vitaly Isaev <vitalyisaev2@gmail.com>")
+
+    # Derive package version from git
+    EXECUTE_PROCESS(
+        COMMAND date +%Y%m%d
+        OUTPUT_VARIABLE DATE
+        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+    )
+    EXECUTE_PROCESS(
+      COMMAND git describe
+      WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
+      OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_DESCRIBE_DIRTY
+      OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+    )
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "^v([0-9]+)\\..*" "\\1" VERSION_MAJOR "${GIT_DESCRIBE_DIRTY}")
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "^v[0-9]+\\.([0-9]+).*" "\\1" VERSION_MINOR "${GIT_DESCRIBE_DIRTY}")
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "^v[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.([0-9]+).*" "\\1" VERSION_PATCH "${GIT_DESCRIBE_DIRTY}")
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "^v[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\-([0-9]+).*" "\\1" VERSION_COMMIT "${GIT_DESCRIBE_DIRTY}")
+    SET(CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR ${VERSION_MAJOR})
+    SET(CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR ${VERSION_MINOR})
+    SET(CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_PATCH ${VERSION_PATCH})
+    SET(CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION "${VERSION_MAJOR}.${VERSION_MINOR}.${VERSION_PATCH}-${VERSION_COMMIT}")
+    SET(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_VERSION "${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION}")
+
+    # Derive architecture
+    IF(NOT CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_ARCHITECTURE)
+      FIND_PROGRAM(DPKG_CMD dpkg)
+      IF(NOT DPKG_CMD)
+        MESSAGE(STATUS "Can not find dpkg in your path, default to i386.")
+        SET(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_ARCHITECTURE i386)
+      ENDIF(NOT DPKG_CMD)
+      EXECUTE_PROCESS(COMMAND "${DPKG_CMD}" --print-architecture
+        OUTPUT_VARIABLE CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_ARCHITECTURE
+        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+        )
+    ENDIF(NOT CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_ARCHITECTURE)
+
+    # Package name
+    SET(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_NAME "flatbuffers")
+    SET(CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_LICENSE ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/LICENSE.txt)
+    SET(CPACK_PACKAGE_FILE_NAME 
+        "${CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_NAME}_${CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_VERSION}_${CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_ARCHITECTURE}")
+
+endif(UNIX)
+
+INCLUDE(CPack)

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -6,9 +6,15 @@ project(FlatBuffers)
 option(FLATBUFFERS_CODE_COVERAGE "Enable the code coverage build option." OFF)
 option(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS "Enable the build of tests and samples." ON)
 option(FLATBUFFERS_INSTALL "Enable the installation of targets." ON)
-option(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB "Enable the build of the flatbuffers library" ON)
+option(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB "Enable the build of the flatbuffers library"
-option(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATC "Enable the build of the flatbuffers compiler" ON)
+       ON)
+option(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATC "Enable the build of the flatbuffers compiler"
+       ON)
 option(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATHASH "Enable the build of flathash" ON)
+option(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_GRPCTEST "Enable the build of grpctest" OFF)
+option(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_SHAREDLIB
+       "Enable the build of the flatbuffers shared library"
+       OFF)
 
 if(NOT FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATC AND FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS)
     message(WARNING
@@ -17,15 +23,23 @@ if(NOT FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATC AND FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS)
 endif()
 
 set(FlatBuffers_Library_SRCS
+  include/flatbuffers/code_generators.h
+  include/flatbuffers/base.h
   include/flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h
   include/flatbuffers/hash.h
   include/flatbuffers/idl.h
   include/flatbuffers/util.h
   include/flatbuffers/reflection.h
   include/flatbuffers/reflection_generated.h
+  include/flatbuffers/stl_emulation.h
+  include/flatbuffers/flexbuffers.h
+  include/flatbuffers/registry.h
+  include/flatbuffers/minireflect.h
+  src/code_generators.cpp
   src/idl_parser.cpp
   src/idl_gen_text.cpp
   src/reflection.cpp
+  src/util.cpp
 )
 
 set(FlatBuffers_Compiler_SRCS
@@ -37,7 +51,15 @@ set(FlatBuffers_Compiler_SRCS
   src/idl_gen_php.cpp
   src/idl_gen_python.cpp
   src/idl_gen_fbs.cpp
+  src/idl_gen_grpc.cpp
+  src/idl_gen_json_schema.cpp
   src/flatc.cpp
+  src/flatc_main.cpp
+  grpc/src/compiler/schema_interface.h
+  grpc/src/compiler/cpp_generator.h
+  grpc/src/compiler/cpp_generator.cc
+  grpc/src/compiler/go_generator.h
+  grpc/src/compiler/go_generator.cc
 )
 
 set(FlatHash_SRCS
@@ -48,7 +70,6 @@ set(FlatHash_SRCS
 set(FlatBuffers_Tests_SRCS
   ${FlatBuffers_Library_SRCS}
   src/idl_gen_fbs.cpp
-  src/idl_gen_general.cpp
   tests/test.cpp
   # file generate by running compiler on tests/monster_test.fbs
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/tests/monster_test_generated.h
@@ -62,31 +83,75 @@ set(FlatBuffers_Sample_Binary_SRCS
 )
 
 set(FlatBuffers_Sample_Text_SRCS
-  include/flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h
+  ${FlatBuffers_Library_SRCS}
-  include/flatbuffers/hash.h
-  include/flatbuffers/idl.h
-  include/flatbuffers/util.h
-  src/idl_parser.cpp
-  src/idl_gen_text.cpp
   samples/sample_text.cpp
   # file generated by running compiler on samples/monster.fbs
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/samples/monster_generated.h
 )
 
+set(FlatBuffers_GRPCTest_SRCS
+  include/flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h
+  include/flatbuffers/grpc.h
+  tests/monster_test.grpc.fb.h
+  tests/monster_test.grpc.fb.cc
+  grpc/tests/grpctest.cpp
+  # file generated by running compiler on samples/monster.fbs
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/samples/monster_generated.h
+)
+
 # source_group(Compiler FILES ${FlatBuffers_Compiler_SRCS})
 # source_group(Tests FILES ${FlatBuffers_Tests_SRCS})
 
-if(APPLE)
+if(EXISTS "${CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE}")
-  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+  # do not apply any global settings if the toolchain
-    "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -Wall -pedantic -Werror -Wextra")
+  # is being configured externally
+elseif(APPLE)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -pedantic -Werror -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter")
 elseif(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)
+  if(CYGWIN)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+      "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=gnu++11")
+  else(CYGWIN)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+      "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++0x")
+  endif(CYGWIN)
   set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
-    "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++0x -Wall -pedantic -Werror -Wextra -Werror=shadow -Wunused-result -Werror=unused-result")
+    "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -pedantic -Werror -Wextra -Werror=shadow")
-elseif("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "Clang")
+  if (GCC_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 4.4)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+      "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wunused-result -Werror=unused-result \
+                          -Wunused-parameter -Werror=unused-parameter")
+  endif()
+
+  # Certain platforms such as ARM do not use signed chars by default
+  # which causes issues with certain bounds checks.
   set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
-      "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++0x -stdlib=libc++ -Wall -pedantic -Werror -Wextra")
+    "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fsigned-char")
-  set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS
+
-      "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -lc++abi")
+elseif(${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID} MATCHES "Clang")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+      "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++0x -Wall -pedantic -Werror -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter")
+  if(NOT "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}" MATCHES "Linux")
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+        "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -stdlib=libc++")
+  endif()
+  if(NOT ("${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}" MATCHES "FreeBSD" OR
+          "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}" MATCHES "Linux"))
+    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS
+        "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -lc++abi")
+  endif()
+
+  # Certain platforms such as ARM do not use signed chars by default
+  # which causes issues with certain bounds checks.
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+    "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fsigned-char")
+
+elseif(MSVC)
+  # Visual Studio pedantic build settings
+  # warning C4512: assignment operator could not be generated
+  # warning C4316: object allocated on the heap may not be aligned
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} /W4 /WX /wd4512 /wd4316")
 endif()
 
 if(FLATBUFFERS_CODE_COVERAGE)
@@ -101,6 +166,7 @@ if(BIICODE)
 endif()
 
 include_directories(include)
+include_directories(grpc)
 
 if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB)
 add_library(flatbuffers STATIC ${FlatBuffers_Library_SRCS})
@@ -108,18 +174,44 @@ endif()
 
 if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATC)
   add_executable(flatc ${FlatBuffers_Compiler_SRCS})
+  if(NOT FLATBUFFERS_FLATC_EXECUTABLE)
+    set(FLATBUFFERS_FLATC_EXECUTABLE $<TARGET_FILE:flatc>)
+  endif()
+  if(MSVC)
+    # Make flatc.exe not depend on runtime dlls for easy distribution.
+    target_compile_options(flatc PUBLIC $<$<CONFIG:Release>:/MT>)
+  endif()
 endif()
 
 if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATHASH)
   add_executable(flathash ${FlatHash_SRCS})
 endif()
 
+if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_SHAREDLIB)
+  add_library(flatbuffers_shared SHARED ${FlatBuffers_Library_SRCS})
+
+  # Shared object version: "major.minor.micro"
+  # - micro updated every release when there is no API/ABI changes
+  # - minor updated when there are additions in API/ABI
+  # - major (ABI number) updated when there are changes in ABI (or removals)
+  set(FlatBuffers_Library_SONAME_MAJOR "1")
+  set(FlatBuffers_Library_SONAME_FULL "${FlatBuffers_Library_SONAME_MAJOR}.8.0")
+  set_target_properties(flatbuffers_shared PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME flatbuffers
+                        SOVERSION "${FlatBuffers_Library_SONAME_MAJOR}"
+                        VERSION "${FlatBuffers_Library_SONAME_FULL}")
+endif()
+
 function(compile_flatbuffers_schema_to_cpp SRC_FBS)
   get_filename_component(SRC_FBS_DIR ${SRC_FBS} PATH)
   string(REGEX REPLACE "\\.fbs$" "_generated.h" GEN_HEADER ${SRC_FBS})
   add_custom_command(
     OUTPUT ${GEN_HEADER}
-    COMMAND "${FLATBUFFERS_FLATC_EXECUTABLE}" -c --no-includes --gen-mutable -o "${SRC_FBS_DIR}" "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${SRC_FBS}"
+    COMMAND "${FLATBUFFERS_FLATC_EXECUTABLE}" -c --no-includes --gen-mutable
+            --gen-object-api -o "${SRC_FBS_DIR}"
+            --cpp-ptr-type flatbuffers::unique_ptr # Used to test with C++98 STLs
+            --reflect-names
+            -I "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/tests/include_test"
+            "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${SRC_FBS}"
     DEPENDS flatc)
 endfunction()
 
@@ -128,7 +220,8 @@ function(compile_flatbuffers_schema_to_binary SRC_FBS)
   string(REGEX REPLACE "\\.fbs$" ".bfbs" GEN_BINARY_SCHEMA ${SRC_FBS})
   add_custom_command(
     OUTPUT ${GEN_BINARY_SCHEMA}
-    COMMAND "${FLATBUFFERS_FLATC_EXECUTABLE}" -b --schema -o "${SRC_FBS_DIR}" "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${SRC_FBS}"
+    COMMAND "${FLATBUFFERS_FLATC_EXECUTABLE}" -b --schema -o "${SRC_FBS_DIR}"
+            "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${SRC_FBS}"
     DEPENDS flatc)
 endfunction()
 
@@ -136,6 +229,9 @@ if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS)
   compile_flatbuffers_schema_to_cpp(tests/monster_test.fbs)
   include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/tests)
   add_executable(flattests ${FlatBuffers_Tests_SRCS})
+  set_property(TARGET flattests
+    PROPERTY COMPILE_DEFINITIONS FLATBUFFERS_TRACK_VERIFIER_BUFFER_SIZE
+    FLATBUFFERS_DEBUG_VERIFICATION_FAILURE=1)
 
   compile_flatbuffers_schema_to_cpp(samples/monster.fbs)
   include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/samples)
@@ -143,13 +239,69 @@ if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS)
   add_executable(flatsampletext ${FlatBuffers_Sample_Text_SRCS})
 endif()
 
-if(FLATBUFFERS_INSTALL)
+if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_GRPCTEST)
-  install(DIRECTORY include/flatbuffers DESTINATION include)
+  if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)
-  if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-shadow")
-    install(TARGETS flatbuffers DESTINATION lib)
   endif()
+  add_executable(grpctest ${FlatBuffers_GRPCTest_SRCS})
+  target_link_libraries(grpctest grpc++_unsecure grpc_unsecure pthread dl)
+endif()
+
+if(FLATBUFFERS_INSTALL)
+  include(GNUInstallDirs)
+
+  install(DIRECTORY include/flatbuffers DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR})
+
+  set(FB_CMAKE_DIR "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/flatbuffers")
+
+  install(
+      FILES "CMake/FlatbuffersConfig.cmake"
+      DESTINATION ${FB_CMAKE_DIR}
+  )
+
+  if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB)
+    install(
+      TARGETS flatbuffers EXPORT FlatbuffersTargets
+      ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+    )
+
+    install(EXPORT FlatbuffersTargets
+      FILE FlatbuffersTargets.cmake
+      NAMESPACE flatbuffers::
+      DESTINATION ${FB_CMAKE_DIR}
+    )
+  endif()
+
   if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATC)
-    install(TARGETS flatc DESTINATION bin)
+    install(
+      TARGETS flatc EXPORT FlatcTargets
+      RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
+      CONFIGURATIONS Release
+    )
+
+    install(
+      EXPORT FlatcTargets
+      FILE FlatcTargets.cmake
+      NAMESPACE flatbuffers::
+      DESTINATION ${FB_CMAKE_DIR}
+      CONFIGURATIONS Release
+    )
+  endif()
+
+  if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_SHAREDLIB)
+    install(
+      TARGETS flatbuffers_shared EXPORT FlatbuffersSharedTargets
+      ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+      RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+      LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+    )
+
+  install(
+      EXPORT FlatbuffersSharedTargets
+      FILE FlatbuffersSharedTargets.cmake
+      NAMESPACE flatbuffers::
+      DESTINATION ${FB_CMAKE_DIR}
+    )
   endif()
 endif()
 
@@ -162,3 +314,7 @@ if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS)
 endif()
 
 include(CMake/BuildFlatBuffers.cmake)
+
+if(FLATBUFFERS_PACKAGE_DEBIAN)
+    include(CMake/PackageDebian.cmake)
+endif()

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use Github pull requests for this purpose.
 
 Some tips for good pull requests:
 * Use our code
-  [style guide](http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.html).
+  [style guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html).
   When in doubt, try to stay true to the existing code of the project.
 * Write a descriptive commit message. What problem are you solving and what
   are the consequences? Where and what did you test? Some good tips:

android/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -17,17 +17,14 @@
  -->
 <!-- BEGIN_INCLUDE(manifest) -->
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-        package="com.example.FlatBufferTest"
+          package="com.example.FlatBufferTest">
-        android:versionCode="1"
-        android:versionName="1.0">
 
     <uses-feature android:glEsVersion="0x00020000"></uses-feature>
-    <!-- This is the platform API where NativeActivity was introduced. -->
-    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="9" />
 
     <!-- This .apk has no Java code itself, so set hasCode to false. -->
-    <application android:label="@string/app_name" android:hasCode="false">
+    <application android:label="@string/app_name"
-
+                 android:hasCode="false"
+                 android:allowBackup="false">
         <!-- Our activity is the built-in NativeActivity framework class.
              This will take care of integrating with our NDK code. -->
         <activity android:name="android.app.NativeActivity"

android/build.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 Google, Inc.
+//
+// This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+// warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
+// arising from the use of this software.
+// Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
+// including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
+// freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+// 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
+// claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
+// in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
+// appreciated but is not required.
+// 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
+// misrepresented as being the original software.
+// 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
+
+buildscript {
+  repositories {
+    jcenter()
+  }
+  dependencies {
+    classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.3.0'
+  }
+}
+
+allprojects {
+  repositories {
+    jcenter()
+  }
+}
+
+apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
+
+android {
+  compileSdkVersion 25
+  buildToolsVersion '25.0.2'
+
+  sourceSets {
+    main {
+      manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
+      res.srcDirs = ['res']
+    }
+  }
+
+  externalNativeBuild {
+    ndkBuild {
+      path "jni/Android.mk"
+    }
+  }
+
+  defaultConfig {
+    applicationId 'com.example.FlatBufferTest'
+    // This is the platform API where NativeActivity was introduced.
+    minSdkVersion 9
+    targetSdkVersion 25
+    versionCode 1
+    versionName "1.0"
+
+    buildTypes {
+      release {
+        minifyEnabled false
+      }
+    }
+
+    externalNativeBuild {
+      ndkBuild {
+        targets "FlatBufferTest"
+        arguments "-j" + Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
+        abiFilters "armeabi", "armeabi-v7a", "arm64-v8a", "x86", "x86_64"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  lintOptions {
+    abortOnError false
+  }
+
+  // Build with each STL variant.
+  productFlavors {
+    stlport {
+      applicationIdSuffix ".stlport"
+      versionNameSuffix "-stlport"
+      externalNativeBuild {
+        ndkBuild {
+          arguments "APP_STL=stlport_static"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    gnustl {
+      applicationIdSuffix ".gnustl"
+      versionNameSuffix "-gnustl"
+      externalNativeBuild {
+        ndkBuild {
+          arguments "APP_STL=gnustl_static"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    libcpp {
+      applicationIdSuffix ".libcpp"
+      versionNameSuffix "-libcpp"
+      externalNativeBuild {
+        ndkBuild {
+          arguments "APP_STL=c++_static"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

android/build_apk.sh

@@ -1,510 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash -eu
-# Copyright (c) 2013 Google, Inc.
-#
-# This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
-# warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
-# arising from the use of this software.
-# Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
-# including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
-# freely, subject to the following restrictions:
-# 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
-# claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
-# in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
-# appreciated but is not required.
-# 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
-# misrepresented as being the original software.
-# 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
-#
-# Build, deploy, debug / execute a native Android package based upon
-# NativeActivity.
-
-declare -r script_directory=$(dirname $0)
-declare -r android_root=${script_directory}/../../../../../../
-declare -r script_name=$(basename $0)
-declare -r android_manifest=AndroidManifest.xml
-declare -r os_name=$(uname -s)
-
-# Minimum Android target version supported by this project.
-: ${BUILDAPK_ANDROID_TARGET_MINVERSION:=10}
-# Directory containing the Android SDK
-# (http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html).
-: ${ANDROID_SDK_HOME:=}
-# Directory containing the Android NDK
-# (http://developer.android.com/tools/sdk/ndk/index.html).
-: ${NDK_HOME:=}
-
-# Display script help and exit.
-usage() {
-  echo "
-Build the Android package in the current directory and deploy it to a
-connected device.
-
-Usage: ${script_name} \\
-         [ADB_DEVICE=serial_number] [BUILD=0] [DEPLOY=0] [RUN_DEBUGGER=1] \
-         [LAUNCH=0] [SWIG_BIN=swig_binary_directory] [SWIG_LIB=swig_include_directory] [ndk-build arguments ...]
-
-ADB_DEVICE=serial_number:
-  serial_number specifies the device to deploy the built apk to if multiple
-  Android devices are connected to the host.
-BUILD=0:
-  Disables the build of the package.
-DEPLOY=0:
-  Disables the deployment of the built apk to the Android device.
-RUN_DEBUGGER=1:
-  Launches the application in gdb after it has been deployed.  To debug in
-  gdb, NDK_DEBUG=1 must also be specified on the command line to build a
-  debug apk.
-LAUNCH=0:
-  Disable the launch of the apk on the Android device.
-SWIG_BIN=swig_binary_directory:
-  The directory where the SWIG binary lives. No need to set this if SWIG is
-  installed and point to from your PATH variable.
-SWIG_LIB=swig_include_directory:
-  The directory where SWIG shared include files are, usually obtainable from
-  commandline with \"swig -swiglib\". No need to set this if SWIG is installed
-  and point to from your PATH variable.
-ndk-build arguments...:
-  Additional arguments for ndk-build.  See ndk-build -h for more information.
-" >&2
-  exit 1
-}
-
-# Get the number of CPU cores present on the host.
-get_number_of_cores() {
-  case ${os_name} in
-    Darwin)
-      sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{ print $2 }'
-      ;;
-    CYGWIN*|Linux)
-      awk '/^processor/ { n=$3 } END { print n + 1 }' /proc/cpuinfo
-      ;;
-    *)
-      echo 1
-      ;;
-  esac
-}
-
-# Get the package name from an AndroidManifest.xml file.
-get_package_name_from_manifest() {
-  xmllint --xpath 'string(/manifest/@package)' "${1}"
-}
-
-# Get the library name from an AndroidManifest.xml file.
-get_library_name_from_manifest() {
-  echo "\
-setns android=http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
-xpath string(/manifest/application/activity\
-[@android:name=\"android.app.NativeActivity\"]/meta-data\
-[@android:name=\"android.app.lib_name\"]/@android:value)" |
-  xmllint --shell "${1}" | awk '/Object is a string/ { print $NF }'
-}
-
-# Get the number of Android devices connected to the system.
-get_number_of_devices_connected() {
-  adb devices -l | \
-    awk '/^..*$/ { if (p) { print $0 } }
-         /List of devices attached/ { p = 1 }' | \
-    wc -l
-  return ${PIPESTATUS[0]}
-}
-
-# Kill a process and its' children.  This is provided for cygwin which
-# doesn't ship with pkill.
-kill_process_group() {
-  local parent_pid="${1}"
-  local child_pid=
-  for child_pid in $(ps -f | \
-                     awk '{ if ($3 == '"${parent_pid}"') { print $2 } }'); do
-    kill_process_group "${child_pid}"
-  done
-  kill "${parent_pid}" 2>/dev/null
-}
-
-# Find and run "adb".
-adb() {
-  local adb_path=
-  for path in "$(which adb 2>/dev/null)" \
-              "${ANDROID_SDK_HOME}/sdk/platform-tools/adb" \
-              "${android_root}/prebuilts/sdk/platform-tools/adb"; do
-    if [[ -e "${path}" ]]; then
-      adb_path="${path}"
-      break
-    fi
-  done
-  if [[ "${adb_path}" == "" ]]; then
-    echo -e "Unable to find adb." \
-           "\nAdd the Android ADT sdk/platform-tools directory to the" \
-           "PATH." >&2
-    exit 1
-  fi
-  "${adb_path}" "$@"
-}
-
-# Find and run "android".
-android() {
-  local android_executable=android
-  if echo "${os_name}" | grep -q CYGWIN; then
-    android_executable=android.bat
-  fi
-  local android_path=
-  for path in "$(which ${android_executable})" \
-              "${ANDROID_SDK_HOME}/sdk/tools/${android_executable}" \
-              "${android_root}/prebuilts/sdk/tools/${android_executable}"; do
-    if [[ -e "${path}" ]]; then
-      android_path="${path}"
-      break
-    fi
-  done
-  if [[ "${android_path}" == "" ]]; then
-    echo -e "Unable to find android tool." \
-           "\nAdd the Android ADT sdk/tools directory to the PATH." >&2
-    exit 1
-  fi
-  # Make sure ant is installed.
-  if [[ "$(which ant)" == "" ]]; then
-    echo -e "Unable to find ant." \
-            "\nPlease install ant and add to the PATH." >&2
-    exit 1
-  fi
-
-  "${android_path}" "$@"
-}
-
-# Find and run "ndk-build"
-ndkbuild() {
-  local ndkbuild_path=
-  for path in "$(which ndk-build 2>/dev/null)" \
-              "${NDK_HOME}/ndk-build" \
-              "${android_root}/prebuilts/ndk/current/ndk-build"; do
-    if [[ -e "${path}" ]]; then
-      ndkbuild_path="${path}"
-      break
-    fi
-  done
-  if [[ "${ndkbuild_path}" == "" ]]; then
-    echo -e "Unable to find ndk-build." \
-            "\nAdd the Android NDK directory to the PATH." >&2
-    exit 1
-  fi
-  "${ndkbuild_path}" "$@"
-}
-
-# Get file modification time of $1 in seconds since the epoch.
-stat_mtime() {
-  local filename="${1}"
-  case ${os_name} in
-    Darwin) stat -f%m "${filename}" 2>/dev/null || echo 0 ;;
-    *) stat -c%Y "${filename}" 2>/dev/null || echo 0 ;;
-  esac
-}
-
-# Build the native (C/C++) build targets in the current directory.
-build_native_targets() {
-  # Save the list of output modules in the install directory so that it's
-  # possible to restore their timestamps after the build is complete.  This
-  # works around a bug in ndk/build/core/setup-app.mk which results in the
-  # unconditional execution of the clean-installed-binaries rule.
-  restore_libraries="$(find libs -type f 2>/dev/null | \
-                       sed -E 's@^libs/(.*)@\1@')"
-
-  # Build native code.
-  ndkbuild -j$(get_number_of_cores) "$@"
-
-  # Restore installed libraries.
-  # Obviously this is a nasty hack (along with ${restore_libraries} above) as
-  # it assumes it knows where the NDK will be placing output files.
-  (
-    IFS=$'\n'
-    for libpath in ${restore_libraries}; do
-      source_library="obj/local/${libpath}"
-      target_library="libs/${libpath}"
-      if [[ -e "${source_library}" ]]; then
-        cp -a "${source_library}" "${target_library}"
-      fi
-    done
-  )
-}
-
-# Select the oldest installed android build target that is at least as new as
-# BUILDAPK_ANDROID_TARGET_MINVERSION.  If a suitable build target isn't found,
-# this function prints an error message and exits with an error.
-select_android_build_target() {
-  local -r android_targets_installed=$( \
-    android list targets | \
-    awk -F'"' '/^id:.*android/ { print $2 }')
-  local android_build_target=
-  for android_target in $(echo "${android_targets_installed}" | \
-                          awk -F- '{ print $2 }' | sort -n); do
-    local isNumber='^[0-9]+$'
-    # skip preview API releases e.g. 'android-L'
-    if [[ $android_target =~ $isNumber ]]; then
-      if [[ $((android_target)) -ge \
-          $((BUILDAPK_ANDROID_TARGET_MINVERSION)) ]]; then
-        android_build_target="android-${android_target}"
-        break
-      fi
-    # else
-      # The API version is a letter, so skip it.
-    fi
-  done
-  if [[ "${android_build_target}" == "" ]]; then
-    echo -e \
-      "Found installed Android targets:" \
-      "$(echo ${android_targets_installed} | sed 's/ /\n  /g;s/^/\n  /;')" \
-      "\nAndroid SDK platform" \
-      "android-$((BUILDAPK_ANDROID_TARGET_MINVERSION))" \
-      "must be installed to build this project." \
-      "\nUse the \"android\" application to install API" \
-      "$((BUILDAPK_ANDROID_TARGET_MINVERSION)) or newer." >&2
-    exit 1
-  fi
-  echo "${android_build_target}"
-}
-
-# Sign unsigned apk $1 and write the result to $2 with key store file $3 and
-# password $4.
-# If a key store file $3 and password $4 aren't specified, a temporary
-# (60 day) key is generated and used to sign the package.
-sign_apk() {
-  local unsigned_apk="${1}"
-  local signed_apk="${2}"
-  if [[ $(stat_mtime "${unsigned_apk}") -gt \
-          $(stat_mtime "${signed_apk}") ]]; then
-    local -r key_alias=$(basename ${signed_apk} .apk)
-    local keystore="${3}"
-    local key_password="${4}"
-    [[ "${keystore}" == "" ]] && keystore="${unsigned_apk}.keystore"
-    [[ "${key_password}" == "" ]] && \
-      key_password="${key_alias}123456"
-    if [[ ! -e ${keystore} ]]; then
-      keytool -genkey -v -dname "cn=, ou=${key_alias}, o=fpl" \
-        -storepass ${key_password} \
-        -keypass ${key_password} -keystore ${keystore} \
-        -alias ${key_alias} -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 60
-    fi
-    cp "${unsigned_apk}" "${signed_apk}"
-    jarsigner -verbose -sigalg SHA1withRSA -digestalg SHA1 \
-      -keystore ${keystore} -storepass ${key_password} \
-      -keypass ${key_password} "${signed_apk}" ${key_alias}
-  fi
-}
-
-# Build the apk $1 for package filename $2 in the current directory using the
-# ant build target $3.
-build_apk() {
-  local -r output_apk="${1}"
-  local -r package_filename="${2}"
-  local -r ant_target="${3}"
-  # Get the list of installed android targets and select the oldest target
-  # that is at least as new as BUILDAPK_ANDROID_TARGET_MINVERSION.
-  local -r android_build_target=$(select_android_build_target)
-  [[ "${android_build_target}" == "" ]] && exit 1
-  echo "Building ${output_apk} for target ${android_build_target}" >&2
-
-  # Create / update build.xml and local.properties files.
-  if [[ $(stat_mtime "${android_manifest}") -gt \
-          $(stat_mtime build.xml) ]]; then
-    android update project --target "${android_build_target}" \
-                           -n ${package_filename} --path .
-  fi
-
-  # Use ant to build the apk.
-  ant -quiet ${ant_target}
-
-  # Sign release apks with a temporary key as these packages will not be
-  # redistributed.
-  local unsigned_apk="bin/${package_filename}-${ant_target}-unsigned.apk"
-  if [[ "${ant_target}" == "release" ]]; then
-    sign_apk "${unsigned_apk}" "${output_apk}" "" ""
-  fi
-}
-
-# Uninstall package $1 and install apk $2 on device $3 where $3 is "-s device"
-# or an empty string.  If $3 is an empty string adb will fail when multiple
-# devices are connected to the host system.
-install_apk() {
-  local -r uninstall_package_name="${1}"
-  local -r install_apk="${2}"
-  local -r adb_device="${3}"
-  # Uninstall the package if it's already installed.
-  adb ${adb_device} uninstall "${uninstall_package_name}" 1>&2 > /dev/null || \
-    true # no error check
-
-  # Install the apk.
-  # NOTE: The following works around adb not returning an error code when
-  # it fails to install an apk.
-  echo "Install ${install_apk}" >&2
-  local -r adb_install_result=$(adb ${adb_device} install "${install_apk}")
-  echo "${adb_install_result}"
-  if echo "${adb_install_result}" | grep -qF 'Failure ['; then
-    exit 1
-  fi
-}
-
-# Launch previously installed package $1 on device $2.
-# If $2 is an empty string adb will fail when multiple devices are connected
-# to the host system.
-launch_package() {
-  (
-    # Determine the SDK version of Android on the device.
-    local -r android_sdk_version=$(
-      adb ${adb_device} shell cat system/build.prop | \
-      awk -F= '/ro.build.version.sdk/ {
-                 v=$2; sub(/[ \r\n]/, "", v); print v
-               }')
-
-    # Clear logs from previous runs.
-    # Note that logcat does not just 'tail' the logs, it dumps the entire log
-    # history.
-    adb ${adb_device} logcat -c
-
-    local finished_msg='Displayed '"${package_name}"
-    local timeout_msg='Activity destroy timeout.*'"${package_name}"
-    # Maximum time to wait before stopping log monitoring.  0 = infinity.
-    local launch_timeout=0
-    # If this is a Gingerbread device, kill log monitoring after 10 seconds.
-    if [[ $((android_sdk_version)) -le 10 ]]; then
-      launch_timeout=10
-    fi
-    # Display logcat in the background.
-    # Stop displaying the log when the app launch / execution completes or the
-    # logcat
-    (
-      adb ${adb_device} logcat | \
-        awk "
-          {
-            print \$0
-          }
-
-          /ActivityManager.*: ${finished_msg}/ {
-            exit 0
-          }
-
-          /ActivityManager.*: ${timeout_msg}/ {
-            exit 0
-          }" &
-      adb_logcat_pid=$!;
-      if [[ $((launch_timeout)) -gt 0 ]]; then
-        sleep $((launch_timeout));
-        kill ${adb_logcat_pid};
-      else
-        wait ${adb_logcat_pid};
-      fi
-    ) &
-    logcat_pid=$!
-    # Kill adb logcat if this shell exits.
-    trap "kill_process_group ${logcat_pid}" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
-
-    # If the SDK is newer than 10, "am" supports stopping an activity.
-    adb_stop_activity=
-    if [[ $((android_sdk_version)) -gt 10 ]]; then
-      adb_stop_activity=-S
-    fi
-
-    # Launch the activity and wait for it to complete.
-    adb ${adb_device} shell am start ${adb_stop_activity} -n \
-      ${package_name}/android.app.NativeActivity
-
-    wait "${logcat_pid}"
-  )
-}
-
-# See usage().
-main() {
-  # Parse arguments for this script.
-  local adb_device=
-  local ant_target=release
-  local disable_deploy=0
-  local disable_build=0
-  local run_debugger=0
-  local launch=1
-  local build_package=1
-  for opt; do
-    case ${opt} in
-      # NDK_DEBUG=0 tells ndk-build to build this as debuggable but to not
-      # modify the underlying code whereas NDK_DEBUG=1 also builds as debuggable
-      # but does modify the code
-      NDK_DEBUG=1) ant_target=debug ;;
-      NDK_DEBUG=0) ant_target=debug ;;
-      ADB_DEVICE*) adb_device="$(\
-        echo "${opt}" | sed -E 's/^ADB_DEVICE=([^ ]+)$/-s \1/;t;s/.*//')" ;;
-      BUILD=0) disable_build=1 ;;
-      DEPLOY=0) disable_deploy=1 ;;
-      RUN_DEBUGGER=1) run_debugger=1 ;;
-      LAUNCH=0) launch=0 ;;
-      clean) build_package=0 disable_deploy=1 launch=0 ;;
-      -h|--help|help) usage ;;
-    esac
-  done
-
-  # If a target device hasn't been specified and multiple devices are connected
-  # to the host machine, display an error.
-  local -r devices_connected=$(get_number_of_devices_connected)
-  if [[ "${adb_device}" == "" && $((devices_connected)) -gt 1 && \
-        ($((disable_deploy)) -eq 0 || $((launch)) -ne 0 || \
-         $((run_debugger)) -ne 0) ]]; then
-    if [[ $((disable_deploy)) -ne 0 ]]; then
-      echo "Deployment enabled, disable using DEPLOY=0" >&2
-    fi
-    if [[ $((launch)) -ne 0 ]]; then
-     echo "Launch enabled." >&2
-    fi
-    if [[ $((disable_deploy)) -eq 0 ]]; then
-      echo "Deployment enabled." >&2
-    fi
-    if [[ $((run_debugger)) -ne 0 ]]; then
-      echo "Debugger launch enabled." >&2
-    fi
-    echo "
-Multiple Android devices are connected to this host.  Either disable deployment
-and execution of the built .apk using:
-  \"${script_name} DEPLOY=0 LAUNCH=0\"
-
-or specify a device to deploy to using:
-  \"${script_name} ADB_DEVICE=\${device_serial}\".
-
-The Android devices connected to this machine are:
-$(adb devices -l)
-" >&2
-    exit 1
-  fi
-
-  if [[ $((disable_build)) -eq 0 ]]; then
-    # Build the native target.
-    build_native_targets "$@"
-  fi
-
-  # Get the package name from the manifest.
-  local -r package_name=$(get_package_name_from_manifest "${android_manifest}")
-  if [[ "${package_name}" == "" ]]; then
-    echo -e "No package name specified in ${android_manifest},"\
-            "skipping apk build, deploy"
-            "\nand launch steps." >&2
-    exit 0
-  fi
-  local -r package_basename=${package_name/*./}
-  local package_filename=$(get_library_name_from_manifest ${android_manifest})
-  [[ "${package_filename}" == "" ]] && package_filename="${package_basename}"
-
-  # Output apk name.
-  local -r output_apk="bin/${package_filename}-${ant_target}.apk"
-
-  if [[ $((disable_build)) -eq 0 && $((build_package)) -eq 1 ]]; then
-    # Build the apk.
-    build_apk "${output_apk}" "${package_filename}" "${ant_target}"
-  fi
-
-  # Deploy to the device.
-  if [[ $((disable_deploy)) -eq 0 ]]; then
-    install_apk "${package_name}" "${output_apk}" "${adb_device}"
-  fi
-
-  if [[ "${ant_target}" == "debug" && $((run_debugger)) -eq 1 ]]; then
-    # Start debugging.
-    ndk-gdb ${adb_device} --start
-  elif [[ $((launch)) -eq 1 ]]; then
-    launch_package "${package_name}" "${adb_device}"
-  fi
-}
-
-main "$@"

android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#Mon Jun 19 11:54:59 PDT 2017
+distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+distributionPath=wrapper/dists
+zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-4.0-all.zip

android/gradlew

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+##############################################################################
+##
+##  Gradle start up script for UN*X
+##
+##############################################################################
+
+# Attempt to set APP_HOME
+# Resolve links: $0 may be a link
+PRG="$0"
+# Need this for relative symlinks.
+while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
+    ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
+    link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+    if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+        PRG="$link"
+    else
+        PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`"/$link"
+    fi
+done
+SAVED="`pwd`"
+cd "`dirname \"$PRG\"`/" >/dev/null
+APP_HOME="`pwd -P`"
+cd "$SAVED" >/dev/null
+
+APP_NAME="Gradle"
+APP_BASE_NAME=`basename "$0"`
+
+# Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS=""
+
+# Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value.
+MAX_FD="maximum"
+
+warn () {
+    echo "$*"
+}
+
+die () {
+    echo
+    echo "$*"
+    echo
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false').
+cygwin=false
+msys=false
+darwin=false
+nonstop=false
+case "`uname`" in
+  CYGWIN* )
+    cygwin=true
+    ;;
+  Darwin* )
+    darwin=true
+    ;;
+  MINGW* )
+    msys=true
+    ;;
+  NONSTOP* )
+    nonstop=true
+    ;;
+esac
+
+CLASSPATH=$APP_HOME/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+# Determine the Java command to use to start the JVM.
+if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
+    if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then
+        # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
+        JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java"
+    else
+        JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
+    fi
+    if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
+        die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: $JAVA_HOME
+
+Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+location of your Java installation."
+    fi
+else
+    JAVACMD="java"
+    which java >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
+
+Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+location of your Java installation."
+fi
+
+# Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can.
+if [ "$cygwin" = "false" -a "$darwin" = "false" -a "$nonstop" = "false" ] ; then
+    MAX_FD_LIMIT=`ulimit -H -n`
+    if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
+        if [ "$MAX_FD" = "maximum" -o "$MAX_FD" = "max" ] ; then
+            MAX_FD="$MAX_FD_LIMIT"
+        fi
+        ulimit -n $MAX_FD
+        if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
+            warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD"
+        fi
+    else
+        warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD_LIMIT"
+    fi
+fi
+
+# For Darwin, add options to specify how the application appears in the dock
+if $darwin; then
+    GRADLE_OPTS="$GRADLE_OPTS \"-Xdock:name=$APP_NAME\" \"-Xdock:icon=$APP_HOME/media/gradle.icns\""
+fi
+
+# For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java
+if $cygwin ; then
+    APP_HOME=`cygpath --path --mixed "$APP_HOME"`
+    CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --mixed "$CLASSPATH"`
+    JAVACMD=`cygpath --unix "$JAVACMD"`
+
+    # We build the pattern for arguments to be converted via cygpath
+    ROOTDIRSRAW=`find -L / -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d 2>/dev/null`
+    SEP=""
+    for dir in $ROOTDIRSRAW ; do
+        ROOTDIRS="$ROOTDIRS$SEP$dir"
+        SEP="|"
+    done
+    OURCYGPATTERN="(^($ROOTDIRS))"
+    # Add a user-defined pattern to the cygpath arguments
+    if [ "$GRADLE_CYGPATTERN" != "" ] ; then
+        OURCYGPATTERN="$OURCYGPATTERN|($GRADLE_CYGPATTERN)"
+    fi
+    # Now convert the arguments - kludge to limit ourselves to /bin/sh
+    i=0
+    for arg in "$@" ; do
+        CHECK=`echo "$arg"|egrep -c "$OURCYGPATTERN" -`
+        CHECK2=`echo "$arg"|egrep -c "^-"`                                 ### Determine if an option
+
+        if [ $CHECK -ne 0 ] && [ $CHECK2 -eq 0 ] ; then                    ### Added a condition
+            eval `echo args$i`=`cygpath --path --ignore --mixed "$arg"`
+        else
+            eval `echo args$i`="\"$arg\""
+        fi
+        i=$((i+1))
+    done
+    case $i in
+        (0) set -- ;;
+        (1) set -- "$args0" ;;
+        (2) set -- "$args0" "$args1" ;;
+        (3) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" ;;
+        (4) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" ;;
+        (5) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" ;;
+        (6) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" ;;
+        (7) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" ;;
+        (8) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" "$args7" ;;
+        (9) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" "$args7" "$args8" ;;
+    esac
+fi
+
+# Escape application args
+save () {
+    for i do printf %s\\n "$i" | sed "s/'/'\\\\''/g;1s/^/'/;\$s/\$/' \\\\/" ; done
+    echo " "
+}
+APP_ARGS=$(save "$@")
+
+# Collect all arguments for the java command, following the shell quoting and substitution rules
+eval set -- $DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS $JAVA_OPTS $GRADLE_OPTS "\"-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain "$APP_ARGS"
+
+# by default we should be in the correct project dir, but when run from Finder on Mac, the cwd is wrong
+if [ "$(uname)" = "Darwin" ] && [ "$HOME" = "$PWD" ]; then
+  cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+fi
+
+exec "$JAVACMD" "$@"

android/gradlew.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+@if "%DEBUG%" == "" @echo off
+@rem ##########################################################################
+@rem
+@rem  Gradle startup script for Windows
+@rem
+@rem ##########################################################################
+
+@rem Set local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
+if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal
+
+set DIRNAME=%~dp0
+if "%DIRNAME%" == "" set DIRNAME=.
+set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0
+set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME%
+
+@rem Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS=
+
+@rem Find java.exe
+if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome
+
+set JAVA_EXE=java.exe
+%JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1
+if "%ERRORLEVEL%" == "0" goto init
+
+echo.
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
+echo.
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+echo location of your Java installation.
+
+goto fail
+
+:findJavaFromJavaHome
+set JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME:"=%
+set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe
+
+if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto init
+
+echo.
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME%
+echo.
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+echo location of your Java installation.
+
+goto fail
+
+:init
+@rem Get command-line arguments, handling Windows variants
+
+if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto win9xME_args
+
+:win9xME_args
+@rem Slurp the command line arguments.
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
+set _SKIP=2
+
+:win9xME_args_slurp
+if "x%~1" == "x" goto execute
+
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%*
+
+:execute
+@rem Setup the command line
+
+set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+@rem Execute Gradle
+"%JAVA_EXE%" %DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS% %JAVA_OPTS% %GRADLE_OPTS% "-Dorg.gradle.appname=%APP_BASE_NAME%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain %CMD_LINE_ARGS%
+
+:end
+@rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
+if "%ERRORLEVEL%"=="0" goto mainEnd
+
+:fail
+rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of
+rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code!
+if  not "" == "%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit 1
+exit /b 1
+
+:mainEnd
+if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal
+
+:omega

android/jni/Android.mk

@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ LOCAL_PATH := $(call realpath-portable,$(LOCAL_PATH))
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_MODULE := flatbuffers
 LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_EXPORT_CPPFLAGS := -std=c++11 -fexceptions -Wall -Wno-literal-suffix
+LOCAL_EXPORT_CPPFLAGS := -std=c++11 -fexceptions -Wall \
+    -DFLATBUFFERS_TRACK_VERIFIER_BUFFER_SIZE
+
 include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
 
 # static library that additionally includes text parsing/generation/reflection
@@ -33,8 +35,11 @@ include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_MODULE := flatbuffers_extra
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := src/idl_parser.cpp \
                    src/idl_gen_text.cpp \
-                   src/reflection.cpp
+                   src/reflection.cpp \
+                   src/util.cpp \
+                   src/code_generators.cpp
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := flatbuffers
+LOCAL_ARM_MODE := arm
 include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
 
 # FlatBuffers test
@@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ LOCAL_SRC_FILES := android/jni/main.cpp \
                    tests/test.cpp \
                    src/idl_gen_fbs.cpp \
                    src/idl_gen_general.cpp
-LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog -landroid
+LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog -landroid -latomic
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := android_native_app_glue flatbuffers_extra
 LOCAL_ARM_MODE := arm
 include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)

android/jni/Application.mk

@@ -13,10 +13,8 @@
 # 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
 # misrepresented as being the original software.
 # 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
-APP_PLATFORM := android-10
+APP_PLATFORM := android-9
 APP_PROJECT_PATH := $(call my-dir)/..
-APP_STL := gnustl_static
+APP_STL ?= stlport_static
-
 APP_ABI := armeabi-v7a
-NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION := 4.8
 APP_CPPFLAGS += -std=c++11

appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+branches:
+  only:
+    - master
+
+os: Visual Studio 2015
+
+environment:
+
+  global:
+    # Workaround for https://github.com/conda/conda-build/issues/636
+    PYTHONIOENCODING: UTF-8
+    CONDA_INSTALL_LOCN: "C:\\Miniconda35-x64"
+
+  matrix:
+    - CMAKE_VS_VERSION: "10 2010"
+    - CMAKE_VS_VERSION: "14 2015"
+
+platform:
+  - x86
+  - x64
+
+configuration:
+  - Debug
+  - Release
+
+before_build:
+  - cmake -G"Visual Studio %CMAKE_VS_VERSION%"
+  # This cuts down on a lot of noise generated by xamarin warnings.
+  - del "C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Microsoft.Common.targets\ImportAfter\Xamarin.Common.targets"
+
+build:
+  project: ALL_BUILD.vcxproj
+  verbosity: minimal
+
+install:
+  - set PATH=%CONDA_INSTALL_LOCN%;%CONDA_INSTALL_LOCN%\scripts;%PATH%;
+
+test_script:
+  - "cd tests"
+  - rem "Building all code"
+  - generate_code.bat -b %CONFIGURATION%
+  - 7z a GeneratedMyGameCode.zip MyGame\
+  - rem "---------------- C++ -----------------"
+  - "cd .."
+  - "%CONFIGURATION%\\flattests.exe"
+  - "cd tests"
+  - rem "---------------- Java -----------------"
+  - "java -version"
+  - "JavaTest.bat"
+  - rem "---------------- JS -----------------"
+  - "node --version"
+  - "..\\%CONFIGURATION%\\flatc -b -I include_test monster_test.fbs unicode_test.json"
+  - "node JavaScriptTest ./monster_test_generated"
+  - rem "-------------- Python ---------------"
+  - where python
+  - python --version
+  - where pip
+  - pip --version
+  - where conda
+  - conda --version
+  - rem "installing flatbuffers python library"
+  - pip install ../python
+  - rem "testing without installing Numpy"
+  - python py_test.py 0 0 0
+  - rem "testing after installing Numpy - disabled"
+  # FIXME: This has a LOT of unnecessary dependencies and makes the tests fail
+  # with timeouts.
+  # - conda install --yes numpy
+  # - python py_test.py 0 0 0
+  - rem "---------------- C# -----------------"
+  # Have to compile this here rather than in "build" above because AppVeyor only
+  # supports building one project??
+  - "cd FlatBuffers.Test"
+  - "msbuild.exe /property:Configuration=Release;OutputPath=tempcs /verbosity:minimal FlatBuffers.Test.csproj"
+  - "tempcs\\FlatBuffers.Test.exe"
+  # TODO: add more languages.
+  - "cd ..\\.."
+
+artifacts:
+  - path: $(CONFIGURATION)\flatc.exe
+    name: flatc.exe
+  - path: tests\GeneratedMyGameCode.zip
+    name: GeneratedMyGameCode.zip

biicode/support/bii-travis.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,18 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
 
 sudo apt-get update -qq
 sudo apt-get install libglu1-mesa-dev xorg-dev

build/VS2010/FlatBuffers.sln

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 11.00
-# Visual Studio 2010
-Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "flatc", "flatc.vcxproj", "{5B5857E1-64E2-4CED-A12E-45E1B3880496}"
-EndProject
-Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "flatsamplebinary", "flatsamplebinary.vcxproj", "{16FA5518-3DE1-4B15-A1E0-F4734C276FB4}"
-EndProject
-Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "flatsampletext", "flatsampletext.vcxproj", "{F0A15675-1017-4217-BB5B-3372F2C636AB}"
-EndProject
-Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "flattests", "flattests.vcxproj", "{DC7BBA00-9FC6-48AF-B7E9-12CA91AC02AA}"
-EndProject
-Global
-	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
-		Debug|Win32 = Debug|Win32
-		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
-		Release|Win32 = Release|Win32
-		Release|x64 = Release|x64
-	EndGlobalSection
-	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
-		{5B5857E1-64E2-4CED-A12E-45E1B3880496}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{5B5857E1-64E2-4CED-A12E-45E1B3880496}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{5B5857E1-64E2-4CED-A12E-45E1B3880496}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{5B5857E1-64E2-4CED-A12E-45E1B3880496}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{5B5857E1-64E2-4CED-A12E-45E1B3880496}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{5B5857E1-64E2-4CED-A12E-45E1B3880496}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{5B5857E1-64E2-4CED-A12E-45E1B3880496}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{5B5857E1-64E2-4CED-A12E-45E1B3880496}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{16FA5518-3DE1-4B15-A1E0-F4734C276FB4}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{16FA5518-3DE1-4B15-A1E0-F4734C276FB4}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{16FA5518-3DE1-4B15-A1E0-F4734C276FB4}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{16FA5518-3DE1-4B15-A1E0-F4734C276FB4}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{16FA5518-3DE1-4B15-A1E0-F4734C276FB4}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{16FA5518-3DE1-4B15-A1E0-F4734C276FB4}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{16FA5518-3DE1-4B15-A1E0-F4734C276FB4}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{16FA5518-3DE1-4B15-A1E0-F4734C276FB4}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{F0A15675-1017-4217-BB5B-3372F2C636AB}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{F0A15675-1017-4217-BB5B-3372F2C636AB}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{F0A15675-1017-4217-BB5B-3372F2C636AB}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{F0A15675-1017-4217-BB5B-3372F2C636AB}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{F0A15675-1017-4217-BB5B-3372F2C636AB}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{F0A15675-1017-4217-BB5B-3372F2C636AB}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{F0A15675-1017-4217-BB5B-3372F2C636AB}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{F0A15675-1017-4217-BB5B-3372F2C636AB}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-		{DC7BBA00-9FC6-48AF-B7E9-12CA91AC02AA}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
-		{DC7BBA00-9FC6-48AF-B7E9-12CA91AC02AA}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
-		{DC7BBA00-9FC6-48AF-B7E9-12CA91AC02AA}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
-		{DC7BBA00-9FC6-48AF-B7E9-12CA91AC02AA}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
-		{DC7BBA00-9FC6-48AF-B7E9-12CA91AC02AA}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
-		{DC7BBA00-9FC6-48AF-B7E9-12CA91AC02AA}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
-		{DC7BBA00-9FC6-48AF-B7E9-12CA91AC02AA}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
-		{DC7BBA00-9FC6-48AF-B7E9-12CA91AC02AA}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
-	EndGlobalSection
-	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
-		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
-	EndGlobalSection
-EndGlobal

build/VS2010/flatc.vcxproj

@@ -1,285 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
-  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
-    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
-      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
-      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
-    </ProjectConfiguration>
-    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
-      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
-      <Platform>x64</Platform>
-    </ProjectConfiguration>
-    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
-      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
-      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
-    </ProjectConfiguration>
-    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
-      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
-      <Platform>x64</Platform>
-    </ProjectConfiguration>
-  </ItemGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
-    <ProjectGUID>{5B5857E1-64E2-4CED-A12E-45E1B3880496}</ProjectGUID>
-    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
-    <Platform>Win32</Platform>
-    <ProjectName>flatc</ProjectName>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
-    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
-    <UseOfMfc>false</UseOfMfc>
-    <CharacterSet>MultiByte</CharacterSet>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
-    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
-    <UseOfMfc>false</UseOfMfc>
-    <CharacterSet>MultiByte</CharacterSet>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
-    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
-    <UseOfMfc>false</UseOfMfc>
-    <CharacterSet>MultiByte</CharacterSet>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
-    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
-    <UseOfMfc>false</UseOfMfc>
-    <CharacterSet>MultiByte</CharacterSet>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
-  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
-  </ImportGroup>
-  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets">
-    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
-  </ImportGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <_ProjectFileVersion>10.0.20506.1</_ProjectFileVersion>
-    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(IntDir)</OutDir>
-    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(IntDir)</OutDir>
-    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">flatc.dir\Debug\</IntDir>
-    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">flatc.dir\Debug\</IntDir>
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build/VS2010/flattests.vcxproj.user

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
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docs/source/Benchmarks.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Benchmarks    {#flatbuffers_benchmarks}
+C++ Benchmarks    {#flatbuffers_benchmarks}
 ==========
 
 Comparing against other serialization solutions, running on Windows 7

docs/source/Building.md

@@ -1,14 +1,9 @@
 Building    {#flatbuffers_guide_building}
 ========
 
-## Building with Visual Studio or Xcode projects
-
-There are project files for Visual Studio and Xcode that should allow you
-to build the compiler `flatc`, the samples and the tests out of the box.
-
 ## Building with CMake
 
-Alternatively, the distribution comes with a `cmake` file that should allow
+The distribution comes with a `cmake` file that should allow
 you to build project/make files for any platform. For details on `cmake`, see
 <http://www.cmake.org>. In brief, depending on your platform, use one of
 e.g.:

docs/source/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1 +1 @@
-../../CONTRIBUTING
+../../CONTRIBUTING.md

docs/source/CUsage.md

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+Use in C    {#flatbuffers_guide_use_c}
+==========
+
+The C language binding exists in a separate project named [FlatCC](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc).
+
+The `flatcc` C schema compiler can generate code offline as well as
+online via a C library. It can also generate buffer verifiers and fast
+JSON parsers, printers.
+
+Great care has been taken to ensure compatibily with the main `flatc`
+project.
+
+## General Documention
+
+- [Tutorial](@ref flatbuffers_guide_tutorial) - select C as language
+  when scrolling down
+- [FlatCC Guide](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc#flatcc-flatbuffers-in-c-for-c)
+- [The C Builder Interface](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc/blob/master/doc/builder.md#the-builder-interface)
+- [The Monster Sample in C](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc/blob/master/samples/monster/monster.c)
+- [GitHub](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc)
+
+
+## Supported Platforms
+
+- Ubuntu (clang / gcc, ninja / gnu make)
+- OS-X (clang / gcc, ninja / gnu make)
+- Windows MSVC 2010, 2013, 2015
+
+CI builds recent versions of gcc, clang and MSVC on OS-X, Ubuntu, and
+Windows, and occasionally older compiler versions. See main project [Status](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc#status).
+
+Other platforms may well work, including Centos, but are not tested
+regularly.
+
+The monster sample project was specifically written for C99 in order to
+follow the C++ version and for that reason it will not work with MSVC
+2010.
+
+## Modular Object Creation
+
+In the tutorial we used the call `Monster_create_as_root` to create the
+root buffer object since this is easier in simple use cases. Sometimes
+we need more modularity so we can reuse a function to create nested
+tables and root tables the same way. For this we need the
+`flatcc_builder_buffer_create_call`. It is best to keep `flatcc_builder`
+calls isolated at the top driver level, so we get:
+
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  ns(Monster_ref_t) create_orc(flatcc_builder_t *B)
+  {
+    // ... same as in the tutorial.
+    return s(Monster_create(B, ...));
+  }
+
+  void create_monster_buffer()
+  {
+      uint8_t *buf;
+      size_t size;
+      flatcc_builder_t builder, *B;
+
+      // Initialize the builder object.
+      B = &builder;
+      flatcc_builder_init(B);
+      // Only use `buffer_create` without `create/start/end_as_root`.
+      flatcc_builder_buffer_create(create_orc(B));
+      // Allocate and copy buffer to user memory.
+      buf = flatcc_builder_finalize_buffer(B, &size);
+      // ... write the buffer to disk or network, or something.
+
+      free(buf);
+      flatcc_builder_clear(B);
+  }
+~~~
+</div>
+
+The same principle applies with `start/end` vs `start/end_as_root` in
+the top-down approach.
+
+
+## Top Down Example
+
+The tutorial uses a bottom up approach. In C it is also possible to use
+a top-down approach by starting and ending objects nested within each
+other. In the tutorial there is no deep nesting, so the difference is
+limited, but it shows the idea:
+
+<div class="language-c">
+<br>
+~~~{.c}
+  uint8_t treasure[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
+  size_t treasure_count = c_vec_len(treasure);
+  ns(Weapon_ref_t) axe;
+
+  // NOTE: if we use end_as_root, we MUST also start as root.
+  ns(Monster_start_as_root(B));
+  ns(Monster_pos_create(B, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f));
+  ns(Monster_hp_add(B, 300));
+  ns(Monster_mana_add(B, 150));
+  // We use create_str instead of add because we have no existing string reference.
+  ns(Monster_name_create_str(B, "Orc"));
+  // Again we use create because we no existing vector object, only a C-array.
+  ns(Monster_inventory_create(B, treasure, treasure_count));
+  ns(Monster_color_add(B, ns(Color_Red)));
+  if (1) {
+      ns(Monster_weapons_start(B));
+      ns(Monster_weapons_push_create(B, flatbuffers_string_create_str(B, "Sword"), 3));
+      // We reuse the axe object later. Note that we dereference a pointer
+      // because push always returns a short-term pointer to the stored element.
+      // We could also have created the axe object first and simply pushed it.
+      axe = *ns(Monster_weapons_push_create(B, flatbuffers_string_create_str(B, "Axe"), 5));
+      ns(Monster_weapons_end(B));
+  } else {
+      // We can have more control with the table elements added to a vector:
+      //
+      ns(Monster_weapons_start(B));
+      ns(Monster_weapons_push_start(B));
+      ns(Weapon_name_create_str(B, "Sword"));
+      ns(Weapon_damage_add(B, 3));
+      ns(Monster_weapons_push_end(B));
+      ns(Monster_weapons_push_start(B));
+      ns(Monster_weapons_push_start(B));
+      ns(Weapon_name_create_str(B, "Axe"));
+      ns(Weapon_damage_add(B, 5));
+      axe = *ns(Monster_weapons_push_end(B));
+      ns(Monster_weapons_end(B));
+  }
+  // Unions can get their type by using a type-specific add/create/start method.
+  ns(Monster_equipped_Weapon_add(B, axe));
+
+  ns(Monster_end_as_root(B));
+~~~
+</div>
+
+
+## Basic Reflection
+
+The C-API does support reading binary schema (.bfbs)
+files via code generated from the `reflection.fbs` schema, and an
+[example usage](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc/tree/master/samples/reflection)
+shows how to use this. The reflection schema files are pre-generated
+in the [runtime distribution](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc/tree/master/include/flatcc/reflection).
+
+
+## Mutations and Reflection
+
+The C-API does not support mutating reflection like C++ does, nor does
+the reader interface support mutating scalars (and it is generally
+unsafe to do so even after verification).
+
+The generated reader interface supports sorting vectors in-place after
+casting them to a mutating type because it is not practical to do so
+while building a buffer. This is covered in the builder documentation.  
+The reflection example makes use of this feature to look up objects by
+name.
+
+It is possible to build new buffers using complex objects from existing
+buffers as source. This can be very efficient due to direct copy
+semantics without endian conversion or temporary stack allocation.
+
+Scalars, structs and strings can be used as source, as well vectors of
+these.
+
+It is currently not possible to use an existing table or vector of table
+as source, but it would be possible to add support for this at some
+point.
+
+
+## Namespaces
+
+The `FLATBUFFERS_WRAP_NAMESPACE` approach used in the tutorial is convenient
+when each function has a very long namespace prefix. But it isn't always
+the best approach. If the namespace is absent, or simple and
+informative, we might as well use the prefix directly. The
+[reflection example](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc/blob/master/samples/reflection/bfbs2json.c)
+mentioned above uses this approach.
+
+
+## Checking for Present Members
+
+Not all languages support testing if a field is present, but in C we can
+elaborate the reader section of the tutorial with tests for this. Recall
+that `mana` was set to the default value `150` and therefore shouldn't
+be present.
+
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  int hp_present = ns(Monster_hp_is_present(monster)); // 1
+  int mana_present = ns(Monster_mana_is_present(monster)); // 0
+~~~
+</div>
+
+## Alternative ways to add a Union
+
+In the tutorial we used a single call to add a union.  Here we show
+different ways to accomplish the same thing. The last form is rarely
+used, but is the low-level way to do it. It can be used to group small
+values together in the table by adding type and data at different
+points in time.
+
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+   ns(Equipment_union_ref_t) equipped = ns(Equipment_as_Weapon(axe));
+   ns(Monster_equipped_add(B, equipped));
+   // or alternatively
+   ns(Monster_equipped_Weapon_add(B, axe);
+   // or alternatively
+   ns(Monster_equipped_add_type(B, ns(Equipment_Weapon));
+   ns(Monster_equipped_add_member(B, axe));
+~~~
+</div>
+
+## Why not integrate with the `flatc` tool?
+
+[It was considered how the C code generator could be integrated into the
+`flatc` tool](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc/issues/1), but it
+would either require that the standalone C implementation of the schema
+compiler was dropped, or it would lead to excessive code duplication, or
+a complicated intermediate representation would have to be invented.
+Neither of these alternatives are very attractive, and it isn't a big
+deal to use the `flatcc` tool instead of `flatc` given that the
+FlatBuffers C runtime library needs to be made available regardless.
+
+

docs/source/Compiler.md

@@ -29,10 +29,12 @@ For any schema input files, one or more generators can be specified:
 
 -   `--python`, `-p`: Generate Python code.
 
--   `--javascript`, `-s`: Generate JavaScript code.
+-   `--js`, `-s`: Generate JavaScript code.
 
 -   `--php`: Generate PHP code.
 
+-   `--grpc`: Generate RPC stub code for GRPC.
+
 For any data input files:
 
 -   `--binary`, `-b` : If data is contained in this file, generate a
@@ -79,6 +81,11 @@ Additional options:
 -   `--gen-mutable` : Generate additional non-const accessors for mutating
     FlatBuffers in-place.
 
+    `--gen-object-api` : Generate an additional object-based API. This API is
+    more convenient for object construction and mutation than the base API,
+    at the cost of efficiency (object allocation). Recommended only to be used
+    if other options are insufficient.
+
 -   `--gen-onefile` :  Generate single output file (useful for C#)
 
 -   `--gen-all`: Generate not just code for the current schema files, but
@@ -86,6 +93,12 @@ Additional options:
     output (by default the case for C++ and JS), all code will end up in
     this one file.
 
+-   `--no-js-exports` :  Removes Node.js style export lines (useful for JS)
+
+-   `--goog-js-export` :  Uses goog.exportsSymbol and goog.exportsProperty
+    instead of Node.js style exporting.  Needed for compatibility with the
+    Google closure compiler (useful for JS).
+
 -   `--raw-binary` : Allow binaries without a file_indentifier to be read.
     This may crash flatc given a mismatched schema.
 
@@ -101,5 +114,19 @@ Additional options:
     to the reflection/reflection.fbs schema. Loading this binary file is the
     basis for reflection functionality.
 
+-   `--bfbs-comments`: Add doc comments to the binary schema files.
+
+-   `--conform FILE` : Specify a schema the following schemas should be
+    an evolution of. Gives errors if not. Useful to check if schema
+    modifications don't break schema evolution rules.
+
+-   `--include-prefix PATH` : Prefix this path to any generated include
+    statements.
+
+-   `--keep-prefix` : Keep original prefix of schema include statement.
+
+-   `--reflect-types` : Add minimal type reflection to code generation.
+-   `--reflect-names` : Add minimal type/name reflection.
+
 NOTE: short-form options for generators are deprecated, use the long form
 whenever possible.

docs/source/CppUsage.md

@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ your program by including the header. As noted, this header relies on
 
 The code for the FlatBuffers C++ library can be found at
 `flatbuffers/include/flatbuffers`. You can browse the library code on the
-[FlatBuffers GitHub page](https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/tree/master/
+[FlatBuffers GitHub page](https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/tree/master/include/flatbuffers).
-include/flatbuffers).
 
 ## Testing the FlatBuffers C++ library
 
@@ -86,6 +85,130 @@ convenient accessors for all fields, e.g. `hp()`, `mana()`, etc:
 
 *Note: That we never stored a `mana` value, so it will return the default.*
 
+## Object based API.  {#flatbuffers_cpp_object_based_api}
+
+FlatBuffers is all about memory efficiency, which is why its base API is written
+around using as little as possible of it. This does make the API clumsier
+(requiring pre-order construction of all data, and making mutation harder).
+
+For times when efficiency is less important a more convenient object based API
+can be used (through `--gen-object-api`) that is able to unpack & pack a
+FlatBuffer into objects and standard STL containers, allowing for convenient
+construction, access and mutation.
+
+To use:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.cpp}
+    // Autogenerated class from table Monster.
+    MonsterT monsterobj;
+
+    // Deserialize from buffer into object.
+    UnPackTo(&monsterobj, flatbuffer);
+
+    // Update object directly like a C++ class instance.
+    cout << monsterobj->name;  // This is now a std::string!
+    monsterobj->name = "Bob";  // Change the name.
+
+    // Serialize into new flatbuffer.
+    FlatBufferBuilder fbb;
+    Pack(fbb, &monsterobj);
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The following attributes are specific to the object-based API code generation:
+
+-   `native_inline` (on a field): Because FlatBuffer tables and structs are
+    optionally present in a given buffer, they are best represented as pointers
+    (specifically std::unique_ptrs) in the native class since they can be null.
+    This attribute changes the member declaration to use the type directly
+    rather than wrapped in a unique_ptr.
+
+-   `native_default`: "value" (on a field): For members that are declared
+    "native_inline", the value specified with this attribute will be included
+    verbatim in the class constructor initializer list for this member.
+
+-   `native_type`' "type" (on a struct): In some cases, a more optimal C++ data
+    type exists for a given struct.  For example, the following schema:
+
+      struct Vec2 {
+        x: float;
+        y: float;
+      }
+
+    generates the following Object-Based API class:
+
+      struct Vec2T : flatbuffers::NativeTable {
+        float x;
+        float y;
+      };
+
+    However, it can be useful to instead use a user-defined C++ type since it
+    can provide more functionality, eg.
+
+      struct vector2 {
+        float x = 0, y = 0;
+        vector2 operator+(vector2 rhs) const { ... }
+        vector2 operator-(vector2 rhs) const { ... }
+        float length() const { ... }
+        // etc.
+      };
+
+    The `native_type` attribute will replace the usage of the generated class
+    with the given type.  So, continuing with the example, the generated
+    code would use |vector2| in place of |Vec2T| for all generated code.
+
+    However, becuase the native_type is unknown to flatbuffers, the user must
+    provide the following functions to aide in the serialization process:
+
+      namespace flatbuffers {
+        FlatbufferStruct Pack(const native_type& obj);
+        native_type UnPack(const FlatbufferStruct& obj);
+      }
+
+Finally, the following top-level attribute
+
+-   native_include: "path" (at file level): Because the `native_type` attribute
+    can be used to introduce types that are unknown to flatbuffers, it may be
+    necessary to include "external" header files in the generated code.  This
+    attribute can be used to directly add an #include directive to the top of
+    the generated code that includes the specified path directly.
+
+# External references.
+
+An additional feature of the object API is the ability to allow you to load
+multiple independent FlatBuffers, and have them refer to eachothers objects
+using hashes which are then represented as typed pointers in the object API.
+
+To make this work have a field in the objects you want to referred to which is
+using the string hashing feature (see `hash` attribute in the
+[schema](@ref flatbuffers_guide_writing_schema) documentation). Then you have
+a similar hash in the field referring to it, along with a `cpp_type`
+attribute specifying the C++ type this will refer to (this can be any C++
+type, and will get a `*` added).
+
+Then, in JSON or however you create these buffers, make sure they use the
+same string (or hash).
+
+When you call `UnPack` (or `Create`), you'll need a function that maps from
+hash to the object (see `resolver_function_t` for details).
+
+# Using different pointer types.
+
+By default the object tree is built out of `std::unique_ptr`, but you can
+influence this either globally (using the `--cpp-ptr-type` argument to
+`flatc`) or per field (using the `cpp_ptr_type` attribute) to by any smart
+pointer type (`my_ptr<T>`), or by specifying `naked` as the type to get `T *`
+pointers. Unlike the smart pointers, naked pointers do not manage memory for
+you, so you'll have to manage their lifecycles manually.
+
+
+# Using different string type.
+
+By default the object tree is built out of `std::string`, but you can
+influence this either globally (using the `--cpp-str-type` argument to
+`flatc`) or per field using the `cpp_str_type` attribute.
+
+The type must support T::c_str() and T::length() as member functions.
+
 ## Reflection (& Resizing)
 
 There is experimental support for reflection in FlatBuffers, allowing you to
@@ -108,6 +231,30 @@ schema, as well as a lot of helper functions.
 And example of usage, for the time being, can be found in
 `test.cpp/ReflectionTest()`.
 
+## Mini Reflection
+
+A more limited form of reflection is available for direct inclusion in
+generated code, which doesn't any (binary) schema access at all. It was designed
+to keep the overhead of reflection as low as possible (on the order of 2-6
+bytes per field added to your executable), but doesn't contain all the
+information the (binary) schema contains.
+
+You add this information to your generated code by specifying `--reflect-types`
+(or instead `--reflect-names` if you also want field / enum names).
+
+You can now use this information, for example to print a FlatBuffer to text:
+
+    auto s = flatbuffers::FlatBufferToString(flatbuf, MonsterTypeTable());
+
+`MonsterTypeTable()` is declared in the generated code for each type. The
+string produced is very similar to the JSON produced by the `Parser` based
+text generator.
+
+You'll need `flatbuffers/minireflect.h` for this functionality. In there is also
+a convenient visitor/iterator so you can write your own output / functionality
+based on the mini reflection tables without having to know the FlatBuffers or
+reflection encoding.
+
 ## Storing maps / dictionaries in a FlatBuffer
 
 FlatBuffers doesn't support maps natively, but there is support to
@@ -288,4 +435,22 @@ manually wrap it in synchronisation primites. There's no automatic way to
 accomplish this, by design, as we feel multithreaded construction
 of a single buffer will be rare, and synchronisation overhead would be costly.
 
+## Advanced union features
+
+The C++ implementation currently supports vectors of unions (i.e. you can
+declare a field as `[T]` where `T` is a union type instead of a table type). It
+also supports structs and strings in unions, besides tables.
+
+For an example of these features, see `tests/union_vector`, and
+`UnionVectorTest` in `test.cpp`.
+
+Since these features haven't been ported to other languages yet, if you
+choose to use them, you won't be able to use these buffers in other languages
+(`flatc` will refuse to compile a schema that uses these features).
+
+These features reduce the amount of "table wrapping" that was previously
+needed to use unions.
+
+To use scalars, simply wrap them in a struct.
+
 <br>

docs/source/FlatBuffers.md

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ FlatBuffers    {#flatbuffers_index}
 # Overview {#flatbuffers_overview}
 
 [FlatBuffers](@ref flatbuffers_overview) is an efficient cross platform
-serialization library for C++, C#, Go, Java, JavaScript, PHP, and Python
+serialization library for C++, C#, C, Go, Java, JavaScript, PHP, and Python.
-(C and Ruby in progress). It was originally created at Google for game
+It was originally created at Google for game development and other
-development and other performance-critical applications.
+performance-critical applications.
 
 It is available as Open Source on [GitHub](http://github.com/google/flatbuffers)
 under the Apache license, v2 (see LICENSE.txt).
@@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ inefficiency, but also forces you to write *more* code to access data
 In this context, it is only a better choice for systems that have very
 little to no information ahead of time about what data needs to be stored.
 
+If you do need to store data that doesn't fit a schema, FlatBuffers also
+offers a schema-less (self-describing) version!
+
 Read more about the "why" of FlatBuffers in the
 [white paper](@ref flatbuffers_white_paper).
 
@@ -131,11 +134,15 @@ sections provide a more in-depth usage guide.
     in your own programs.
 -   How to [use the generated Go code](@ref flatbuffers_guide_use_go) in your
     own programs.
+-   How to [use FlatBuffers in C with `flatcc`](@ref flatbuffers_guide_use_c) in your
+    own programs.
 -   [Support matrix](@ref flatbuffers_support) for platforms/languages/features.
 -   Some [benchmarks](@ref flatbuffers_benchmarks) showing the advantage of
     using FlatBuffers.
 -   A [white paper](@ref flatbuffers_white_paper) explaining the "why" of
     FlatBuffers.
+-   How to use the [schema-less](@ref flexbuffers) version of
+    FlatBuffers.
 -   A description of the [internals](@ref flatbuffers_internals) of FlatBuffers.
 -   A formal [grammar](@ref flatbuffers_grammar) of the schema language.
 
@@ -143,7 +150,7 @@ sections provide a more in-depth usage guide.
 
 -   [GitHub repository](http://github.com/google/flatbuffers)
 -   [Landing page](http://google.github.io/flatbuffers)
--   [FlatBuffers Google Group](http://group.google.com/group/flatbuffers)
+-   [FlatBuffers Google Group](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/flatbuffers)
 -   [FlatBuffers Issues Tracker](http://github.com/google/flatbuffers/issues)
 -   Independent implementations & tools:
     - [FlatCC](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc) Alternative FlatBuffers

docs/source/FlexBuffers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+FlexBuffers    {#flexbuffers}
+==========
+
+FlatBuffers was designed around schemas, because when you want maximum
+performance and data consistency, strong typing is helpful.
+
+There are however times when you want to store data that doesn't fit a
+schema, because you can't know ahead of time what all needs to be stored.
+
+For this, FlatBuffers has a dedicated format, called FlexBuffers.
+This is a binary format that can be used in conjunction
+with FlatBuffers (by storing a part of a buffer in FlexBuffers
+format), or also as its own independent serialization format.
+
+While it loses the strong typing, you retain the most unique advantage
+FlatBuffers has over other serialization formats (schema-based or not):
+FlexBuffers can also be accessed without parsing / copying / object allocation.
+This is a huge win in efficiency / memory friendly-ness, and allows unique
+use cases such as mmap-ing large amounts of free-form data.
+
+FlexBuffers' design and implementation allows for a very compact encoding,
+combining automatic pooling of strings with automatic sizing of containers to
+their smallest possible representation (8/16/32/64 bits). Many values and
+offsets can be encoded in just 8 bits. While a schema-less representation is
+usually more bulky because of the need to be self-descriptive, FlexBuffers
+generates smaller binaries for many cases than regular FlatBuffers.
+
+FlexBuffers is still slower than regular FlatBuffers though, so we recommend to
+only use it if you need it.
+
+
+# Usage
+
+This is for C++, other languages may follow.
+
+Include the header `flexbuffers.h`, which in turn depends on `flatbuffers.h`
+and `util.h`.
+
+To create a buffer:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.cpp}
+flexbuffers::Builder fbb;
+fbb.Int(13);
+fbb.Finish();
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+You create any value, followed by `Finish`. Unlike FlatBuffers which requires
+the root value to be a table, here any value can be the root, including a lonely
+int value.
+
+You can now access the `std::vector<uint8_t>` that contains the encoded value
+as `fbb.GetBuffer()`. Write it, send it, or store it in a parent FlatBuffer. In
+this case, the buffer is just 3 bytes in size.
+
+To read this value back, you could just say:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.cpp}
+auto root = flexbuffers::GetRoot(my_buffer);
+int64_t i = root.AsInt64();
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+FlexBuffers stores ints only as big as needed, so it doesn't differentiate
+between different sizes of ints. You can ask for the 64 bit version,
+regardless of what you put in. In fact, since you demand to read the root
+as an int, if you supply a buffer that actually contains a float, or a
+string with numbers in it, it will convert it for you on the fly as well,
+or return 0 if it can't. If instead you actually want to know what is inside
+the buffer before you access it, you can call `root.GetType()` or `root.IsInt()`
+etc.
+
+Here's a slightly more complex value you could write instead of `fbb.Int` above:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.cpp}
+fbb.Map([&]() {
+  fbb.Vector("vec", [&]() {
+    fbb.Int(-100);
+    fbb.String("Fred");
+    fbb.IndirectFloat(4.0f);
+  });
+  fbb.UInt("foo", 100);
+});
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This stores the equivalent of the JSON value
+`{ vec: [ -100, "Fred", 4.0 ], foo: 100 }`. The root is a dictionary that has
+just two key-value pairs, with keys `vec` and `foo`. Unlike FlatBuffers, it
+actually has to store these keys in the buffer (which it does only once if
+you store multiple such objects, by pooling key values), but also unlike
+FlatBuffers it has no restriction on the keys (fields) that you use.
+
+The map constructor uses a C++11 Lambda to group its children, but you can
+also use more conventional start/end calls if you prefer.
+
+The first value in the map is a vector. You'll notice that unlike FlatBuffers,
+you can use mixed types. There is also a `TypedVector` variant that only
+allows a single type, and uses a bit less memory.
+
+`IndirectFloat` is an interesting feature that allows you to store values
+by offset rather than inline. Though that doesn't make any visible change
+to the user, the consequence is that large values (especially doubles or
+64 bit ints) that occur more than once can be shared. Another use case is
+inside of vectors, where the largest element makes up the size of all elements
+(e.g. a single double forces all elements to 64bit), so storing a lot of small
+integers together with a double is more efficient if the double is indirect.
+
+Accessing it:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.cpp}
+auto map = flexbuffers::GetRoot(my_buffer).AsMap();
+map.size();  // 2
+auto vec = map["vec"].AsVector();
+vec.size();  // 3
+vec[0].AsInt64();  // -100;
+vec[1].AsString().c_str();  // "Fred";
+vec[1].AsInt64();  // 0 (Number parsing failed).
+vec[2].AsDouble();  // 4.0
+vec[2].AsString().IsTheEmptyString();  // true (Wrong Type).
+vec[2].AsString().c_str();  // "" (This still works though).
+vec[2].ToString().c_str();  // "4" (Or have it converted).
+map["foo"].AsUInt8();  // 100
+map["unknown"].IsNull();  // true
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+# Binary encoding
+
+A description of how FlexBuffers are encoded is in the
+[internals](@ref flatbuffers_internals) document.
+
+
+# Nesting inside a FlatBuffer
+
+You can mark a field as containing a FlexBuffer, e.g.
+
+    a:[ubyte] (flexbuffer);
+
+A special accessor will be generated that allows you to access the root value
+directly, e.g. `a_flexbuffer_root().AsInt64()`.
+
+
+# Efficiency tips
+
+* Vectors generally are a lot more efficient than maps, so prefer them over maps
+  when possible for small objects. Instead of a map with keys `x`, `y` and `z`,
+  use a vector. Better yet, use a typed vector. Or even better, use a fixed
+  size typed vector.
+* Maps are backwards compatible with vectors, and can be iterated as such.
+  You can iterate either just the values (`map.Values()`), or in parallel with
+  the keys vector (`map.Keys()`). If you intend
+  to access most or all elements, this is faster than looking up each element
+  by key, since that involves a binary search of the key vector.
+* When possible, don't mix values that require a big bit width (such as double)
+  in a large vector of smaller values, since all elements will take on this
+  width. Use `IndirectDouble` when this is a possibility. Note that
+  integers automatically use the smallest width possible, i.e. if you ask
+  to serialize an int64_t whose value is actually small, you will use less
+  bits. Doubles are represented as floats whenever possible losslessly, but
+  this is only possible for few values.
+  Since nested vectors/maps are stored over offsets, they typically don't
+  affect the vector width.
+* To store large arrays of byte data, use a blob. If you'd use a typed
+  vector, the bit width of the size field may make it use more space than
+  expected, and may not be compatible with `memcpy`.
+  Similarly, large arrays of (u)int16_t may be better off stored as a
+  binary blob if their size could exceed 64k elements.
+  Construction and use are otherwise similar to strings.

docs/source/GoUsage.md

@@ -67,6 +67,29 @@ Now you can access values like this:
     pos := monster.Pos(nil)
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
+
+In some cases it's necessary to modify values in an existing FlatBuffer in place (without creating a copy). For this reason, scalar fields of a Flatbuffer table or struct can be mutated.
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.go}
+    monster := example.GetRootAsMonster(buf, 0)
+
+    // Set table field.
+    if ok := monster.MutateHp(10); !ok {
+      panic("failed to mutate Hp")
+    }
+
+    // Set struct field.
+    monster.Pos().MutateZ(4)
+
+    // This mutation will fail because the mana field is not available in
+    // the buffer. It should be set when creating the buffer.
+    if ok := monster.MutateMana(20); !ok {
+      panic("failed to mutate Hp")
+    }
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The term `mutate` is used instead of `set` to indicate that this is a special use case. All mutate functions return a boolean value which is false if the field we're trying to mutate is not available in the buffer.
+
 ## Text Parsing
 
 There currently is no support for parsing text (Schema's and JSON) directly

docs/source/Grammar.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Grammar of the schema language    {#flatbuffers_grammar}
 schema = include*
          ( namespace\_decl | type\_decl | enum\_decl | root\_decl |
            file_extension_decl | file_identifier_decl |
-           attribute\_decl | object )*
+           attribute\_decl | rpc\_decl | object )*
 
 include = `include` string\_constant `;`
 
@@ -14,16 +14,22 @@ attribute\_decl = `attribute` string\_constant `;`
 
 type\_decl = ( `table` | `struct` ) ident metadata `{` field\_decl+ `}`
 
-enum\_decl = ( `enum` | `union` ) ident [ `:` type ] metadata `{` commasep(
+enum\_decl = ( `enum` ident [ `:` type ] | `union` ident )  metadata `{`
-enumval\_decl ) `}`
+commasep( enumval\_decl ) `}`
 
 root\_decl = `root_type` ident `;`
 
 field\_decl = ident `:` type [ `=` scalar ] metadata `;`
 
+rpc\_decl = `rpc_service` ident `{` rpc\_method+ `}`
+
+rpc\_method = ident `(` ident `)` `:` ident metadata `;`
+
 type = `bool` | `byte` | `ubyte` | `short` | `ushort` | `int` | `uint` |
-`float` | `long` | `ulong` | `double`
+`float` | `long` | `ulong` | `double` |
- | `string` | `[` type `]` | ident
+`int8` | `uint8` | `int16` | `uint16` | `int32` | `uint32`| `int64` | `uint64` |
+`float32` | `float64` |
+`string` | `[` type `]` | ident
 
 enumval\_decl = ident [ `=` integer\_constant ]
 
@@ -43,6 +49,11 @@ file_extension_decl = `file_extension` string\_constant `;`
 
 file_identifier_decl = `file_identifier` string\_constant `;`
 
-integer\_constant = -?[0-9]+ | `true` | `false`
+integer\_constant = `-?[0-9]+` | `true` | `false`
+
+float\_constant = `-?[0-9]+.[0-9]+((e|E)(+|-)?[0-9]+)?`
+
+string\_constant = `\".*?\"`
+
+ident = `[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`
 
-float\_constant = -?[0-9]+.[0-9]+((e|E)(+|-)?[0-9]+)?

docs/source/Internals.md

@@ -292,4 +292,158 @@ flexibility in which of the children of root object to write first (though in
 this case there's only one string), and what order to write the fields in.
 Different orders may also cause different alignments to happen.
 
+### Additional reading.
+
+The author of the C language implementation has made a similar
+[document](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc/blob/master/doc/binary-format.md#flatbuffers-binary-format)
+that may further help clarify the format.
+
+# FlexBuffers
+
+The [schema-less](@ref flexbuffers) version of FlatBuffers have their
+own encoding, detailed here.
+
+It shares many properties mentioned above, in that all data is accessed
+over offsets, all scalars are aligned to their own size, and
+all data is always stored in little endian format.
+
+One difference is that FlexBuffers are built front to back, so children are
+stored before parents, and the root of the data starts at the last byte.
+
+Another difference is that scalar data is stored with a variable number of bits
+(8/16/32/64). The current width is always determined by the *parent*, i.e. if
+the scalar sits in a vector, the vector determines the bit width for all
+elements at once. Selecting the minimum bit width for a particular vector is
+something the encoder does automatically and thus is typically of no concern
+to the user, though being aware of this feature (and not sticking a double in
+the same vector as a bunch of byte sized elements) is helpful for efficiency.
+
+Unlike FlatBuffers there is only one kind of offset, and that is an unsigned
+integer indicating the number of bytes in a negative direction from the address
+of itself (where the offset is stored).
+
+### Vectors
+
+The representation of the vector is at the core of how FlexBuffers works (since
+maps are really just a combination of 2 vectors), so it is worth starting there.
+
+As mentioned, a vector is governed by a single bit width (supplied by its
+parent). This includes the size field. For example, a vector that stores the
+integer values `1, 2, 3` is encoded as follows:
+
+    uint8_t 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4
+
+The first `3` is the size field, and is placed before the vector (an offset
+from the parent to this vector points to the first element, not the size
+field, so the size field is effectively at index -1).
+Since this is an untyped vector `SL_VECTOR`, it is followed by 3 type
+bytes (one per element of the vector), which are always following the vector,
+and are always a uint8_t even if the vector is made up of bigger scalars.
+
+### Types
+
+A type byte is made up of 2 components (see flexbuffers.h for exact values):
+
+* 2 lower bits representing the bit-width of the child (8, 16, 32, 64).
+  This is only used if the child is accessed over an offset, such as a child
+  vector. It is ignored for inline types.
+* 6 bits representing the actual type (see flexbuffers.h).
+
+Thus, in this example `4` means 8 bit child (value 0, unused, since the value is
+in-line), type `SL_INT` (value 1).
+
+### Typed Vectors
+
+These are like the Vectors above, but omit the type bytes. The type is instead
+determined by the vector type supplied by the parent. Typed vectors are only
+available for a subset of types for which these savings can be significant,
+namely inline signed/unsigned integers (`TYPE_VECTOR_INT` / `TYPE_VECTOR_UINT`),
+floats (`TYPE_VECTOR_FLOAT`), and keys (`TYPE_VECTOR_KEY`, see below).
+
+Additionally, for scalars, there are fixed length vectors of sizes 2 / 3 / 4
+that don't store the size (`TYPE_VECTOR_INT2` etc.), for an additional savings
+in space when storing common vector or color data.
+
+### Scalars
+
+FlexBuffers supports integers (`TYPE_INT` and `TYPE_UINT`) and floats
+(`TYPE_FLOAT`), available in the bit-widths mentioned above. They can be stored
+both inline and over an offset (`TYPE_INDIRECT_*`).
+
+The offset version is useful to encode costly 64bit (or even 32bit) quantities
+into vectors / maps of smaller sizes, and to share / repeat a value multiple
+times.
+
+### Booleans and Nulls
+
+Booleans (`TYPE_BOOL`) and nulls (`TYPE_NULL`) are encoded as inlined unsigned integers.
+
+### Blobs, Strings and Keys.
+
+A blob (`TYPE_BLOB`) is encoded similar to a vector, with one difference: the
+elements are always `uint8_t`. The parent bit width only determines the width of
+the size field, allowing blobs to be large without the elements being large.
+
+Strings (`TYPE_STRING`) are similar to blobs, except they have an additional 0
+termination byte for convenience, and they MUST be UTF-8 encoded (since an
+accessor in a language that does not support pointers to UTF-8 data may have to
+convert them to a native string type).
+
+A "Key" (`TYPE_KEY`) is similar to a string, but doesn't store the size
+field. They're so named because they are used with maps, which don't care
+for the size, and can thus be even more compact. Unlike strings, keys cannot
+contain bytes of value 0 as part of their data (size can only be determined by
+`strlen`), so while you can use them outside the context of maps if you so
+desire, you're usually better off with strings.
+
+### Maps
+
+A map (`TYPE_MAP`) is like an (untyped) vector, but with 2 prefixes before the
+size field:
+
+| index | field                                                        |
+| ----: | :----------------------------------------------------------- |
+| -3    | An offset to the keys vector (may be shared between tables). |
+| -2    | Byte width of the keys vector.                               |
+| -1    | Size (from here on it is compatible with `TYPE_VECTOR`)      |
+| 0     | Elements.                                                    |
+| Size  | Types.                                                       |
+
+Since a map is otherwise the same as a vector, it can be iterated like
+a vector (which is probably faster than lookup by key).
+
+The keys vector is a typed vector of keys. Both the keys and corresponding
+values *have* to be stored in sorted order (as determined by `strcmp`), such
+that lookups can be made using binary search.
+
+The reason the key vector is a seperate structure from the value vector is
+such that it can be shared between multiple value vectors, and also to
+allow it to be treated as its own individual vector in code.
+
+An example map { foo: 13, bar: 14 } would be encoded as:
+
+    0 : uint8_t 'b', 'a', 'r', 0
+    4 : uint8_t 'f', 'o', 'o', 0
+    8 : uint8_t 2      // key vector of size 2
+    // key vector offset points here
+    9 : uint8_t 9, 6   // offsets to bar_key and foo_key
+    11: uint8_t 2, 1   // offset to key vector, and its byte width
+    13: uint8_t 2      // value vector of size
+    // value vector offset points here
+    14: uint8_t 14, 13 // values
+    16: uint8_t 4, 4   // types
+
+### The root
+
+As mentioned, the root starts at the end of the buffer.
+The last uint8_t is the width in bytes of the root (normally the parent
+determines the width, but the root has no parent). The uint8_t before this is
+the type of the root, and the bytes before that are the root value (of the
+number of bytes specified by the last byte).
+
+So for example, the integer value `13` as root would be:
+
+    uint8_t 13, 4, 1    // Value, type, root byte width.
+
+
 <br>

docs/source/JavaCsharpUsage.md

@@ -131,6 +131,37 @@ object are prefixed with `Get`, e.g.:
     monster.GetPos(preconstructedPos);
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
+## Storing dictionaries in a FlatBuffer
+
+FlatBuffers doesn't support dictionaries natively, but there is support to
+emulate their behavior with vectors and binary search, which means you
+can have fast lookups directly from a FlatBuffer without having to unpack
+your data into a `Dictionary` or similar.
+
+To use it:
+-   Designate one of the fields in a table as the "key" field. You do this
+    by setting the `key` attribute on this field, e.g.
+    `name:string (key)`.
+    You may only have one key field, and it must be of string or scalar type.
+-   Write out tables of this type as usual, collect their offsets in an
+    array.
+-   Instead of calling standard generated method,
+    e.g.: `Monster.createTestarrayoftablesVector`,
+    call `CreateSortedVectorOfMonster` in C# or
+    `createSortedVectorOfTables` (from the `FlatBufferBuilder` object) in Java,
+    which will first sort all offsets such that the tables they refer to
+    are sorted by the key field, then serialize it.
+-   Now when you're accessing the FlatBuffer, you can use
+    the `ByKey` accessor to access elements of the vector, e.g.:
+    `monster.testarrayoftablesByKey("Frodo")` in Java or
+    `monster.TestarrayoftablesByKey("Frodo")` in C#,
+    which returns an object of the corresponding table type,
+    or `null` if not found.
+    `ByKey` performs a binary search, so should have a similar
+    speed to `Dictionary`, though may be faster because of better caching.
+    `ByKey` only works if the vector has been sorted, it will
+    likely not find elements if it hasn't been sorted.
+
 ## Text parsing
 
 There currently is no support for parsing text (Schema's and JSON) directly

docs/source/PythonUsage.md

@@ -64,6 +64,33 @@ Now you can access values like this:
     pos = monster.Pos()
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
+## Support for Numpy arrays
+
+The Flatbuffers python library also has support for accessing scalar
+vectors as numpy arrays. This can be orders of magnitude faster than
+iterating over the vector one element at a time, and is particularly
+useful when unpacking large nested flatbuffers. The generated code for
+a scalar vector will have a method `<vector name>AsNumpy()`. In the
+case of the Monster example, you could access the inventory vector
+like this:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.py}
+    inventory = monster.InventoryAsNumpy()
+    # inventory is a numpy array of type np.dtype('uint8')
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+instead of
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.py}
+    inventory = []
+    for i in range(monster.InventoryLength()):
+        inventory.append(int(monster.Inventory(i)))
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Numpy is not a requirement. If numpy is not installed on your system,
+then attempting to access one of the `*asNumpy()` methods will result
+in a `NumpyRequiredForThisFeature` exception.
+
 ## Text Parsing
 
 There currently is no support for parsing text (Schema's and JSON) directly

docs/source/Schemas.md

@@ -84,15 +84,19 @@ parent object, and use no virtual table).
 
 ### Types
 
-Built-in scalar types are:
+Built-in scalar types are 
 
--   8 bit: `byte`, `ubyte`, `bool`
+-   8 bit: `byte` (`int8`), `ubyte` (`uint8`), `bool`
 
--   16 bit: `short`, `ushort`
+-   16 bit: `short` (`int16`), `ushort` (`uint16`)
 
--   32 bit: `int`, `uint`, `float`
+-   32 bit: `int` (`int32`), `uint` (`uint32`), `float` (`float32`)
 
--   64 bit: `long`, `ulong`, `double`
+-   64 bit: `long` (`int64`), `ulong` (`uint64`), `double` (`float64`)
+
+The type names in parentheses are alias names such that for example
+`uint8` can be used in place of `ubyte`, and `int32` can be used in
+place of `int` without affecting code generation.
 
 Built-in non-scalar types:
 
@@ -122,7 +126,8 @@ default to `NULL` when not present.
 
 You generally do not want to change default values after they're initially
 defined. Fields that have the default value are not actually stored in the
-serialized data but are generated in code, so when you change the default, you'd
+serialized data (see also Gotchas below) but are generated in code,
+so when you change the default, you'd
 now get a different value than from code generated from an older version of
 the schema. There are situations, however, where this may be
 desirable, especially if you can ensure a simultaneous rebuild of
@@ -157,6 +162,10 @@ If you have a need to distinguish between different FlatBuffers in a more
 open-ended way, for example for use as files, see the file identification
 feature below.
 
+There is an experimental support only in C++ for a vector of unions
+(and types). In the example IDL file above, use [Any] to add a
+vector of Any to Monster table.
+
 ### Namespaces
 
 These will generate the corresponding namespace in C++ for all helper
@@ -224,6 +233,21 @@ This declaration in the schema will change that to whatever you want:
 
     file_extension "ext";
 
+### RPC interface declarations
+
+You can declare RPC calls in a schema, that define a set of functions
+that take a FlatBuffer as an argument (the request) and return a FlatBuffer
+as the response (both of which must be table types):
+
+    rpc_service MonsterStorage {
+      Store(Monster):StoreResponse;
+      Retrieve(MonsterId):Monster;
+    }
+
+What code this produces and how it is used depends on language and RPC system
+used, there is preliminary support for GRPC through the `--grpc` code generator,
+see `grpc/tests` for an example.
+
 ### Comments & documentation
 
 May be written as in most C-based languages. Additionally, a triple
@@ -256,9 +280,12 @@ Current understood attributes:
     the union field should have id 8, and the unions type field will
     implicitly be 7.
     IDs allow the fields to be placed in any order in the schema.
-    When a new field is added to the schema is must use the next available ID.
+    When a new field is added to the schema it must use the next available ID.
 -   `deprecated` (on a field): do not generate accessors for this field
-    anymore, code should stop using this data.
+    anymore, code should stop using this data. Old data may still contain this
+    field, but it won't be accessible anymore by newer code. Note that if you
+    deprecate a field that was previous required, old code may fail to validate
+    new data (when using the optional verifier).
 -   `required` (on a non-scalar table field): this field must always be set.
     By default, all fields are optional, i.e. may be left out. This is
     desirable, as it helps with forwards/backwards compatibility, and
@@ -268,10 +295,10 @@ Current understood attributes:
     constructs FlatBuffers to ensure this field is initialized, so the reading
     code may access it directly, without checking for NULL. If the constructing
     code does not initialize this field, they will get an assert, and also
-    the verifier will fail on buffers that have missing required fields.
+    the verifier will fail on buffers that have missing required fields. Note
--   `original_order` (on a table): since elements in a table do not need
+    that if you add this attribute to an existing field, this will only be
-    to be stored in any particular order, they are often optimized for
+    valid if existing data always contains this field / existing code always
-    space by sorting them to size. This attribute stops that from happening.
+    writes this field.
 -   `force_align: size` (on a struct): force the alignment of this struct
     to be something higher than what it is naturally aligned to. Causes
     these structs to be aligned to that amount inside a buffer, IF that
@@ -285,9 +312,24 @@ Current understood attributes:
     (which must be a vector of ubyte) contains flatbuffer data, for which the
     root type is given by `table_name`. The generated code will then produce
     a convenient accessor for the nested FlatBuffer.
+-   `flexbuffer` (on a field): this indicates that the field
+    (which must be a vector of ubyte) contains flexbuffer data. The generated
+    code will then produce a convenient accessor for the FlexBuffer root.
 -   `key` (on a field): this field is meant to be used as a key when sorting
     a vector of the type of table it sits in. Can be used for in-place
     binary search.
+-   `hash` (on a field). This is an (un)signed 32/64 bit integer field, whose
+    value during JSON parsing is allowed to be a string, which will then be
+    stored as its hash. The value of attribute is the hashing algorithm to
+    use, one of `fnv1_32` `fnv1_64` `fnv1a_32` `fnv1a_64`.
+-   `original_order` (on a table): since elements in a table do not need
+    to be stored in any particular order, they are often optimized for
+    space by sorting them to size. This attribute stops that from happening.
+    There should generally not be any reason to use this flag.
+-   'native_*'.  Several attributes have been added to support the [C++ object
+    Based API](@ref flatbuffers_cpp_object_based_api).  All such attributes
+    are prefixed with the term "native_".
+
 
 ## JSON Parsing
 
@@ -318,6 +360,10 @@ JSON:
 -   A field that has the value `null` (e.g. `field: null`) is intended to
     have the default value for that field (thus has the same effect as if
     that field wasn't specified at all).
+-   It has some built in conversion functions, so you can write for example
+    `rad(180)` where ever you'd normally write `3.14159`.
+    Currently supports the following functions: `rad`, `deg`, `cos`, `sin`,
+    `tan`, `acos`, `asin`, `atan`.
 
 When parsing JSON, it recognizes the following escape codes in strings:
 
@@ -339,6 +385,66 @@ When parsing JSON, it recognizes the following escape codes in strings:
 It also generates these escape codes back again when generating JSON from a
 binary representation.
 
+## Guidelines
+
+### Efficiency
+
+FlatBuffers is all about efficiency, but to realize that efficiency you
+require an efficient schema. There are usually multiple choices on
+how to represent data that have vastly different size characteristics.
+
+It is very common nowadays to represent any kind of data as dictionaries
+(as in e.g. JSON), because of its flexibility and extensibility. While
+it is possible to emulate this in FlatBuffers (as a vector
+of tables with key and value(s)), this is a bad match for a strongly
+typed system like FlatBuffers, leading to relatively large binaries.
+FlatBuffer tables are more flexible than classes/structs in most systems,
+since having a large number of fields only few of which are actually
+used is still efficient. You should thus try to organize your data
+as much as possible such that you can use tables where you might be
+tempted to use a dictionary.
+
+Similarly, strings as values should only be used when they are
+truely open-ended. If you can, always use an enum instead.
+
+FlatBuffers doesn't have inheritance, so the way to represent a set
+of related data structures is a union. Unions do have a cost however,
+so an alternative to a union is to have a single table that has
+all the fields of all the data structures you are trying to
+represent, if they are relatively similar / share many fields.
+Again, this is efficient because optional fields are cheap.
+
+FlatBuffers supports the full range of integer sizes, so try to pick
+the smallest size needed, rather than defaulting to int/long.
+
+Remember that you can share data (refer to the same string/table
+within a buffer), so factoring out repeating data into its own
+data structure may be worth it.
+
+### Style guide
+
+Identifiers in a schema are meant to translate to many different programming
+languages, so using the style of your "main" language is generally a bad idea.
+
+For this reason, below is a suggested style guide to adhere to, to keep schemas
+consistent for interoperation regardless of the target language.
+
+Where possible, the code generators for specific languages will generate
+identifiers that adhere to the language style, based on the schema identifiers.
+
+- Table, struct, enum and rpc names (types): UpperCamelCase.
+- Table and struct field names: snake_case. This is translated to lowerCamelCase
+  automatically for some languages, e.g. Java.
+- Enum values: UpperCamelCase.
+- namespaces: UpperCamelCase.
+
+Formatting (this is less important, but still worth adhering to):
+
+- Opening brace: on the same line as the start of the declaration.
+- Spacing: Indent by 2 spaces. None around `:` for types, on both sides for `=`.
+
+For an example, see the schema at the top of this file.
+
 ## Gotchas
 
 ### Schemas and version control
@@ -425,4 +531,28 @@ incompatible with the actual binary buffers, since those only ever address
 fields by id/offset.
 <br>
 
+### Testing whether a field is present in a table
+
+Most serialization formats (e.g. JSON or Protocol Buffers) make it very
+explicit in the format whether a field is present in an object or not,
+allowing you to use this as "extra" information.
+
+In FlatBuffers, this also holds for everything except scalar values.
+
+FlatBuffers by default will not write fields that are equal to the default
+value (for scalars), sometimes resulting in a significant space savings.
+
+However, this also means testing whether a field is "present" is somewhat
+meaningless, since it does not tell you if the field was actually written by
+calling `add_field` style calls, unless you're only interested in this
+information for non-default values.
+
+Some `FlatBufferBuilder` implementations have an option called `force_defaults`
+that circumvents this behavior, and writes fields even if they are equal to
+the default. You can then use `IsFieldPresent` to query this.
+
+Another option that works in all languages is to wrap a scalar field in a
+struct. This way it will return null if it is not present. The cool thing
+is that structs don't take up any more space than the scalar they represent.
+
    [Interface Definition Language]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_description_language

docs/source/Support.md

@@ -18,23 +18,23 @@ In general:
 
 NOTE: this table is a start, it needs to be extended.
 
-Feature                        | C++    | Java   | C#     | Go     | Python | JS        | C    | PHP | Ruby
+Feature                        | C++    | Java   | C#     | Go     | Python | JS        | C        | PHP | Ruby
------------------------------- | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | --------- | ---- | --- | ----
+------------------------------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | --------- | ------  | --- | ----
-Codegen for all basic features | Yes    | Yes    | Yes    | Yes    | Yes    | Yes       | WiP  | WiP | WiP
+Codegen for all basic features | Yes    | Yes    | Yes    | Yes    | Yes    | Yes       | Yes     | WiP | WiP
-JSON parsing                   | Yes    | No     | No     | No     | No     | No        | No   | No  | No
+JSON parsing                   | Yes    | No     | No     | No     | No     | No        | Yes     | No  | No
-Simple mutation                | Yes    | WIP    | WIP    | No     | No     | No        | No   | No  | No
+Simple mutation                | Yes    | WIP    | WIP    | No     | No     | No        | No      | No  | No
-Reflection                     | Yes    | No     | No     | No     | No     | No        | No   | No  | No
+Reflection                     | Yes    | No     | No     | No     | No     | No        | Basic   | No  | No
-Buffer verifier                | Yes    | No     | No     | No     | No     | No        | No   | No  | No
+Buffer verifier                | Yes    | No     | No     | No     | No     | No        | Yes     | No  | No
-Testing: basic                 | Yes    | Yes    | Yes    | Yes    | Yes    | Yes       | ?    | ?   | ?
+Testing: basic                 | Yes    | Yes    | Yes    | Yes    | Yes    | Yes       | Yes     | ?   | ?
-Testing: fuzz                  | Yes    | No     | No     | Yes    | Yes    | No        | ?    | ?   | ?
+Testing: fuzz                  | Yes    | No     | No     | Yes    | Yes    | No        | No      | ?   | ?
-Performance:                   | Superb | Great  | Great  | Great  | Ok     | ?         |Superb| ?   | ?
+Performance:                   | Superb | Great  | Great  | Great  | Ok     | ?         | Superb  | ?   | ?
-Platform: Windows              | VS2010 | Yes    | Yes    | ?      | ?      | ?         | ?    | ?   | ?
+Platform: Windows              | VS2010 | Yes    | Yes    | ?      | ?      | ?         | VS2010  | ?   | ?
-Platform: Linux                | GCC282 | Yes    | ?      | Yes    | Yes    | ?         | ?    | ?   | ?
+Platform: Linux                | GCC282 | Yes    | ?      | Yes    | Yes    | ?         | Yes     | ?   | ?
-Platform: OS X                 | Xcode4 | ?      | ?      | ?      | Yes    | ?         | ?    | ?   | ?
+Platform: OS X                 | Xcode4 | ?      | ?      | ?      | Yes    | ?         | Yes     | ?   | ?
-Platform: Android              | NDK10d | Yes    | ?      | ?      | ?      | ?         | ?    | ?   | ?
+Platform: Android              | NDK10d | Yes    | ?      | ?      | ?      | ?         | ?       | ?   | ?
-Platform: iOS                  | ?      | ?      | ?      | ?      | ?      | ?         | ?    | ?   | ?
+Platform: iOS                  | ?      | ?      | ?      | ?      | ?      | ?         | ?       | ?   | ?
-Engine: Unity                  | ?      | ?      | Yes    | ?      | ?      | ?         | ?    | ?   | ?
+Engine: Unity                  | ?      | ?      | Yes    | ?      | ?      | ?         | ?       | ?   | ?
-Primary authors (github)       | gwvo   | gwvo   | ev*/js*| rw     | rw     | evanw/ev* | mik* | ch* | rw
+Primary authors (github)       | gwvo   | gwvo   | ev*/js*| rw     | rw     | evanw/ev* | mik*    | ch* | rw
 
   * ev = evolutional
   * js = jonsimantov

docs/source/Tutorial.md

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ character, the hero of the story, needs to slay some `orc`s. We will walk
 through each step necessary to create this monster type using FlatBuffers.
 
 Please select your desired language for our quest:
-
 \htmlonly
 <form>
   <input type="radio" name="language" value="cpp" checked="checked">C++</input>
@@ -29,6 +28,7 @@ Please select your desired language for our quest:
   <input type="radio" name="language" value="python">Python</input>
   <input type="radio" name="language" value="javascript">JavaScript</input>
   <input type="radio" name="language" value="php">PHP</input>
+  <input type="radio" name="language" value="c">C</input>
 </form>
 \endhtmlonly
 
@@ -98,6 +98,10 @@ Samples demonstating the concepts in this example are located in the source code
 package, under the `samples` directory. You can browse the samples on GitHub
 [here](https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/tree/master/samples).
 
+<div class="language-c">
+*Note: The above does not apply to C, instead [look here](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc/tree/master/samples).*
+</div>
+
 For your chosen language, please cross-reference with:
 
 <div class="language-cpp">
@@ -121,6 +125,9 @@ For your chosen language, please cross-reference with:
 <div class="language-php">
 [SampleBinary.php](https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/blob/master/samples/SampleBinary.php)
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+[monster.c](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc/blob/master/samples/monster/monster.c)
+</div>
 
 ## Writing the Monsters' FlatBuffer Schema
 
@@ -153,6 +160,7 @@ the `schema` that defines the template for our monsters:
     color:Color = Blue; // Enum.
     weapons:[Weapon];   // Vector of tables.
     equipped:Equipment; // Union.
+    path:[Vec3];        // Vector of structs.
   }
 
   table Weapon {
@@ -202,12 +210,21 @@ The `Weapon` table is a sub-table used within our FlatBuffer. It is
 used twice: once within the `Monster` table and once within the `Equipment`
 enum. For our `Monster`, it is used to populate a `vector of tables` via the
 `weapons` field within our `Monster`. It is also the only table referenced by
-the `Equipment` enum.
+the `Equipment` union.
 
 The last part of the `schema` is the `root_type`. The root type declares what
 will be the root table for the serialized data. In our case, the root type is
 our `Monster` table.
 
+The scalar types can also use alias type names such as `int16` instead
+of `short` and `float32` instead of `float`. Thus we could also write
+the `Weapon` table as:
+
+  table Weapon {
+    name:string;
+    damage:int16;
+  }
+
 #### More Information About Schemas
 
 You can find a complete guide to writing `schema` files in the
@@ -225,6 +242,15 @@ FlatBuffer compiler.
 
 Once `flatc` is built successfully, compile the schema for your language:
 
+<div class="language-c">
+*Note: If you're working in C, you need to use the separate project [FlatCC](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc) which contains a schema compiler and runtime library in C for C.*
+<br>
+See [flatcc build instructions](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc#building).
+<br>
+Please be aware of the difference between `flatc` and `flatcc` tools.
+<br>
+</div>
+
 <div class="language-cpp">
 ~~~{.sh}
   cd flatbuffers/sample
@@ -267,8 +293,17 @@ Once `flatc` is built successfully, compile the schema for your language:
   ./../flatc --php samples/monster.fbs
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.sh}
+  cd flatcc
+  mkdir -p build/tmp/samples/monster
+  bin/flatcc -a -o build/tmp/samples/monster samples/monster/monster.fbs
+  # or just
+  flatcc/samples/monster/build.sh
+~~~
+</div>
 
-For a more complete guide to using the `flatc` compiler, pleaes read the
+For a more complete guide to using the `flatc` compiler, please read the
 [Using the schema compiler](@ref flatbuffers_guide_using_schema_compiler)
 section of the Programmer's Guide.
 
@@ -359,58 +394,79 @@ The first step is to import/include the library, generated files, etc.
   }
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  #include "monster_builder.h" // Generated by `flatcc`.
+
+  // Convenient namespace macro to manage long namespace prefix.
+  #undef ns
+  #define ns(x) FLATBUFFERS_WRAP_NAMESPACE(MyGame_Sample, x) // Specified in the schema.
+
+  // A helper to simplify creating vectors from C-arrays.
+  #define c_vec_len(V) (sizeof(V)/sizeof((V)[0]))
+~~~
+</div>
 
 Now we are ready to start building some buffers. In order to start, we need
 to create an instance of the `FlatBufferBuilder`, which will contain the buffer
-as it grows:
+as it grows. You can pass an initial size of the buffer (here 1024 bytes),
+which will grow automatically if needed:
 
 <div class="language-cpp">
 ~~~{.cpp}
   // Create a `FlatBufferBuilder`, which will be used to create our
   // monsters' FlatBuffers.
-  flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder builder;
+  flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder builder(1024);
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-java">
 ~~~{.java}
   // Create a `FlatBufferBuilder`, which will be used to create our
   // monsters' FlatBuffers.
-  FlatBufferBuilder builder = new FlatBufferBuilder(0);
+  FlatBufferBuilder builder = new FlatBufferBuilder(1024);
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-csharp">
 ~~~{.cs}
   // Create a `FlatBufferBuilder`, which will be used to create our
   // monsters' FlatBuffers.
-  var builder = new FlatBufferBuilder(1);
+  var builder = new FlatBufferBuilder(1024);
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-go">
 ~~~{.go}
   // Create a `FlatBufferBuilder`, which will be used to create our
   // monsters' FlatBuffers.
-  builder := flatbuffers.NewBuilder(0)
+  builder := flatbuffers.NewBuilder(1024)
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-python">
 ~~~{.py}
   # Create a `FlatBufferBuilder`, which will be used to create our
   # monsters' FlatBuffers.
-  builder = flatbuffers.Builder(0)
+  builder = flatbuffers.Builder(1024)
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-javascript">
 ~~~{.js}
   // Create a `flatbuffer.Builder`, which will be used to create our
   // monsters' FlatBuffers.
-  var builder = new flatbuffers.Builder(1);
+  var builder = new flatbuffers.Builder(1024);
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-php">
 ~~~{.php}
   // Create a `FlatBufferBuilder`, which will be used to create our
   // monsters' FlatBuffers.
-  $builder = new Google\FlatBuffers\FlatbufferBuilder(0);
+  $builder = new Google\FlatBuffers\FlatbufferBuilder(1024);
+~~~
+</div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+    flatcc_builder_t builder, *B;
+    B = &builder;
+    // Initialize the builder object.
+    flatcc_builder_init(B);
 ~~~
 </div>
 
@@ -432,10 +488,10 @@ our `orc` Monster, lets create some `Weapon`s: a `Sword` and an `Axe`.
 </div>
 <div class="language-java">
 ~~~{.java}
-  String weaponOneName = builder.createString("Sword")
+  int weaponOneName = builder.createString("Sword")
   short weaponOneDamage = 3;
 
-  String weaponTwoName = builder.createString("Axe");
+  int weaponTwoName = builder.createString("Axe");
   short weaponTwoDamage = 5;
 
   // Use the `createWeapon()` helper function to create the weapons, since we set every field.
@@ -525,6 +581,18 @@ our `orc` Monster, lets create some `Weapon`s: a `Sword` and an `Axe`.
   $weapons = \MyGame\Sample\Monster::CreateWeaponsVector($builder, $weaps);
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  ns(Weapon_ref_t) weapon_one_name = flatbuffers_string_create_str(B, "Sword");
+  uint16_t weapon_one_damage = 3;
+
+  ns(Weapon_ref_t) weapon_two_name = flatbuffers_string_create_str(B, "Axe");
+  uint16_t weapon_two_damage = 5;
+
+  ns(Weapon_ref_t) sword = ns(Weapon_create(B, weapon_one_name, weapon_one_damage));
+  ns(Weapon_ref_t) axe = ns(Weapon_create(B, weapon_two_name, weapon_two_damage));
+~~~
+</div>
 
 Now let's create our monster, the `orc`. For this `orc`, lets make him
 `red` with rage, positioned at `(1.0, 2.0, 3.0)`, and give him
@@ -545,7 +613,7 @@ traversal. This is generally easy to do on any tree structures.
 
   // Create a `vector` representing the inventory of the Orc. Each number
   // could correspond to an item that can be claimed after he is slain.
-  unsigned char treasure = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
+  unsigned char treasure[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
   auto inventory = builder.CreateVector(treasure, 10);
 ~~~
 </div>
@@ -627,6 +695,20 @@ traversal. This is generally easy to do on any tree structures.
   $inv = \MyGame\Sample\Monster::CreateInventoryVector($builder, $treasure);
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  // Serialize a name for our monster, called "Orc".
+  // The _str suffix indicates the source is an ascii-z string.
+  flatbuffers_string_ref_t name = flatbuffers_string_create_str(B, "Orc");
+
+  // Create a `vector` representing the inventory of the Orc. Each number
+  // could correspond to an item that can be claimed after he is slain.
+  uint8_t treasure[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
+  flatbuffers_uint8_vec_ref_t inventory;
+  // `c_vec_len` is the convenience macro we defined earlier.
+  inventory = flatbuffers_uint8_vec_create(B, treasure, c_vec_len(treasure));
+~~~
+</div>
 
 We serialized two built-in data types (`string` and `vector`) and captured
 their return values. These values are offsets into the serialized data,
@@ -637,6 +719,10 @@ adding fields to our monster.
 other `vector`s), collect their offsets into a temporary data structure, and
 then create an additional `vector` containing their offsets.*
 
+If instead of creating a vector from an existing array you serialize elements
+individually one by one, take care to note that this happens in reverse order,
+as buffers are built back to front.
+
 For example, take a look at the two `Weapon`s that we created earlier (`Sword`
 and `Axe`). These are both FlatBuffer `table`s, whose offsets we now store in
 memory. Therefore we can create a FlatBuffer `vector` to contain these
@@ -656,8 +742,8 @@ offsets.
   // Place the two weapons into an array, and pass it to the `createWeaponsVector()` method to
   // create a FlatBuffer vector.
   int[] weaps = new int[2];
-  weaps[1] = sword;
+  weaps[0] = sword;
-  weaps[2] = axe;
+  weaps[1] = axe;
 
   // Pass the `weaps` array into the `createWeaponsVector()` method to create a FlatBuffer vector.
   int weapons = Monster.createWeaponsVector(builder, weaps);
@@ -709,49 +795,85 @@ offsets.
   $weapons = \MyGame\Sample\Monster::CreateWeaponsVector($builder, $weaps);
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  // We use the internal builder stack to implement a dynamic vector.
+  ns(Weapon_vec_start(B));
+  ns(Weapon_vec_push(B, sword));
+  ns(Weapon_vec_push(B, axe));
+  ns(Weapon_vec_ref_t) weapons = ns(Weapon_vec_end(B));
+~~~
+</div>
 
-To create a `struct`, use the `Vec3` class/struct that was generated by `flatc`:
+<div class="language-cpp">
+<br>
+Note there's additional convenience overloads of `CreateVector`, allowing you
+to work with data that's not in a `std::vector`, or allowing you to generate
+elements by calling a lambda. For the common case of `std::vector<std::string>`
+there's also `CreateVectorOfStrings`.
+</div>
+
+Note that vectors of structs are serialized differently from tables, since
+structs are stored in-line in the vector. For example, to create a vector
+for the `path` field above:
 
 <div class="language-cpp">
 ~~~{.cpp}
-  // Create a `Vec3`, representing the Orc's position in 3-D space.
+  Vec3 points[] = { Vec3(1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f), Vec3(4.0f, 5.0f, 6.0f) };
-  auto pos = Vec3(1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f);
+  auto path = builder.CreateVectorOfStructs(points, 2);
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-java">
 ~~~{.java}
-  // Create a `Vec3`, representing the Orc's position in 3-D space.
+  Monster.startPathVector(fbb, 2);
-  int pos = Vec3.createVec3(builder, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f);
+  Vec3.createVec3(builder, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f);
+  Vec3.createVec3(builder, 4.0f, 5.0f, 6.0f);
+  int path = fbb.endVector();
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-csharp">
 ~~~{.cs}
-  // Create a `Vec3`, representing the Orc's position in 3-D space.
+  Monster.StartPathVector(fbb, 2);
-  var pos = Vec3.CreateVec3(builder, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f);
+  Vec3.CreateVec3(builder, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f);
+  Vec3.CreateVec3(builder, 4.0f, 5.0f, 6.0f);
+  var path = fbb.EndVector();
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-go">
 ~~~{.go}
-  // Create a `Vec3`, representing the Orc's position in 3-D space.
+  sample.MonsterStartPathVector(builder, 2)
-  pos := sample.CreateVec3(builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
+  sample.CreateVec3(builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
+  sample.CreateVec3(builder, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0)
+  path := builder.EndVector(2)
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-python">
 ~~~{.py}
-  # Create a `Vec3`, representing the Orc's position in 3-D space.
+  MyGame.Sample.Monster.MonsterStartPathVector(builder, 2)
-  pos = MyGame.Sample.Vec3.CreateVec3(builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
+  MyGame.Sample.Vec3.CreateVec3(builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
+  MyGame.Sample.Vec3.CreateVec3(builder, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0)
+  path = builder.EndVector(2)
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-javascript">
 ~~~{.js}
-  // Create a `Vec3`, representing the Orc's position in 3-D space.
+  MyGame.Sample.Monster.startPathVector(builder, 2);
-  var pos = MyGame.Sample.Vec3.createVec3(builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+  MyGame.Sample.Vec3.createVec3(builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+  MyGame.Sample.Vec3.createVec3(builder, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0);
+  var path = builder.endVector();
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-php">
-~~~{.js}
+~~~{.php}
-  // Create a `Vec3`, representing the Orc's position in 3-D space.
+  \MyGame\Example\Monster::StartPathVector($builder, 2);
-  $pos = \MyGame\Sample\Vec3::CreateVec3($builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+  \MyGame\Sample\Vec3::CreateVec3($builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+  \MyGame\Sample\Vec3::CreateVec3($builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+  $path = $builder->endVector();
+~~~
+</div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  // TBD
 ~~~
 </div>
 
@@ -766,15 +888,16 @@ can serialize the monster itself:
 
   // Finally, create the monster using the `CreateMonster` helper function
   // to set all fields.
-  auto orc = CreateMonster(builder, &pos, mana, hp, name, inventory, Color_Red,
+  auto orc = CreateMonster(builder, Vec3(1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f), mana, hp, name,
-                           weapons, Equipment_Weapon, axe.Union());
+                           inventory, Color_Red, weapons, Equipment_Weapon,
+                           axe.Union(), path);
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-java">
 ~~~{.java}
   // Create our monster using `startMonster()` and `endMonster()`.
   Monster.startMonster(builder);
-  Monster.addPos(builder, pos);
+  Monster.addPos(builder, Vec3.createVec3(builder, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f));
   Monster.addName(builder, name);
   Monster.addColor(builder, Color.Red);
   Monster.addHp(builder, (short)300);
@@ -782,6 +905,7 @@ can serialize the monster itself:
   Monster.addWeapons(builder, weapons);
   Monster.addEquippedType(builder, Equipment.Weapon);
   Monster.addEquipped(builder, axe);
+  Monster.addPath(builder, path);
   int orc = Monster.endMonster(builder);
 ~~~
 </div>
@@ -789,7 +913,7 @@ can serialize the monster itself:
 ~~~{.cs}
   // Create our monster using `StartMonster()` and `EndMonster()`.
   Monster.StartMonster(builder);
-  Monster.AddPos(builder, pos);
+  Monster.AddPos(builder, Vec3.CreateVec3(builder, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f));
   Monster.AddHp(builder, (short)300);
   Monster.AddName(builder, name);
   Monster.AddInventory(builder, inv);
@@ -797,6 +921,7 @@ can serialize the monster itself:
   Monster.AddWeapons(builder, weapons);
   Monster.AddEquippedType(builder, Equipment.Weapon);
   Monster.AddEquipped(builder, axe.Value); // Axe
+  Monster.AddPath(builder, path);
   var orc = Monster.EndMonster(builder);
 ~~~
 </div>
@@ -804,7 +929,7 @@ can serialize the monster itself:
 ~~~{.go}
   // Create our monster using `MonsterStart()` and `MonsterEnd()`.
   sample.MonsterStart(builder)
-  sample.MonsterAddPos(builder, pos)
+  sample.MonsterAddPos(builder, sample.CreateVec3(builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0))
   sample.MonsterAddHp(builder, 300)
   sample.MonsterAddName(builder, name)
   sample.MonsterAddInventory(builder, inv)
@@ -812,6 +937,7 @@ can serialize the monster itself:
   sample.MonsterAddWeapons(builder, weapons)
   sample.MonsterAddEquippedType(builder, sample.EquipmentWeapon)
   sample.MonsterAddEquipped(builder, axe)
+  sample.MonsterAddPath(builder, path)
   orc := sample.MonsterEnd(builder)
 ~~~
 </div>
@@ -819,7 +945,8 @@ can serialize the monster itself:
 ~~~{.py}
   # Create our monster by using `MonsterStart()` and `MonsterEnd()`.
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.MonsterStart(builder)
-  MyGame.Sample.Monster.MonsterAddPos(builder, pos)
+  MyGame.Sample.Monster.MonsterAddPos(builder,
+                          MyGame.Sample.Vec3.CreateVec3(builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0))
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.MonsterAddHp(builder, 300)
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.MonsterAddName(builder, name)
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.MonsterAddInventory(builder, inv)
@@ -829,6 +956,7 @@ can serialize the monster itself:
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.MonsterAddEquippedType(
       builder, MyGame.Sample.Equipment.Equipment().Weapon)
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.MonsterAddEquipped(builder, axe)
+  MyGame.Sample.Monster.MonsterAddPath(builder, path)
   orc = MyGame.Sample.Monster.MonsterEnd(builder)
 ~~~
 </div>
@@ -836,7 +964,8 @@ can serialize the monster itself:
 ~~~{.js}
   // Create our monster by using `startMonster()` and `endMonster()`.
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.startMonster(builder);
-  MyGame.Sample.Monster.addPos(builder, pos);
+  MyGame.Sample.Monster.addPos(builder,
+                         MyGame.Sample.Vec3.createVec3(builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0));
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.addHp(builder, 300);
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.addColor(builder, MyGame.Sample.Color.Red)
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.addName(builder, name);
@@ -844,6 +973,7 @@ can serialize the monster itself:
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.addWeapons(builder, weapons);
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.addEquippedType(builder, MyGame.Sample.Equipment.Weapon);
   MyGame.Sample.Monster.addEquipped(builder, axe);
+  MyGame.Sample.Monster.addPath(builder, path);
   var orc = MyGame.Sample.Monster.endMonster(builder);
 ~~~
 </div>
@@ -851,7 +981,8 @@ can serialize the monster itself:
 ~~~{.php}
   // Create our monster by using `StartMonster()` and `EndMonster()`.
   \MyGame\Sample\Monster::StartMonster($builder);
-  \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddPos($builder, $pos);
+  \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddPos($builder,
+                      \MyGame\Sample\Vec3::CreateVec3($builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0));
   \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddHp($builder, 300);
   \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddName($builder, $name);
   \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddInventory($builder, $inv);
@@ -859,19 +990,43 @@ can serialize the monster itself:
   \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddWeapons($builder, $weapons);
   \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddEquippedType($builder, \MyGame\Sample\Equipment::Weapon);
   \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddEquipped($builder, $axe);
+  \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddPath($builder, $path);
   $orc = \MyGame\Sample\Monster::EndMonster($builder);
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  // Set his hit points to 300 and his mana to 150.
+  uint16_t hp = 300;
+  uint16_t mana = 150;
 
-<div class="language-cpp">
+  // Define an equipment union. `create` calls in C has a single
-<br>
+  // argument for unions where C++ has both a type and a data argument.
-*Note: Since we passing `150` as the `mana` field, which happens to be the
+  ns(Equipment_union_ref_t) equipped = ns(Equipment_as_Weapon(axe));
+  ns(Vec3_t) pos = { 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f };
+  ns(Monster_create_as_root(B, &pos, mana, hp, name, inventory, ns(Color_Red),
+          weapons, equipped, path));
+~~~
+</div>
+
+Note how we create `Vec3` struct in-line in the table. Unlike tables, structs
+are simple combinations of scalars that are always stored inline, just like
+scalars themselves.
+
+**Important**: Unlike structs, you should not nest tables or other objects,
+which is why we created all the strings/vectors/tables that this monster refers
+to before `start`. If you try to create any of them between `start` and `end`,
+you will get an assert/exception/panic depending on your language.
+
+*Note: Since we are passing `150` as the `mana` field, which happens to be the
 default value, the field will not actually be written to the buffer, since the
 default value will be returned on query anyway. This is a nice space savings,
 especially if default values are common in your data. It also means that you do
 not need to be worried of adding a lot of fields that are only used in a small
 number of instances, as it will not bloat the buffer if unused.*
-<br><br>
+
+<div class="language-cpp">
+<br>
 If you do not wish to set every field in a `table`, it may be more convenient to
 manually set each field of your monster, instead of calling `CreateMonster()`.
 The following snippet is functionally equivalent to the above code, but provides
@@ -882,16 +1037,42 @@ a bit more flexibility.
   // manually.
   MonsterBuilder monster_builder(builder);
   monster_builder.add_pos(&pos);
+  auto pos = Vec3(1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f);
   monster_builder.add_hp(hp);
   monster_builder.add_name(name);
   monster_builder.add_inventory(inventory);
   monster_builder.add_color(Color_Red);
   monster_builder.add_weapons(weapons);
   monster_builder.add_equipped_type(Equipment_Weapon);
-  monster_builder.add_equpped(axe);
+  monster_builder.add_equpped(axe.Union());
   auto orc = monster_builder.Finish();
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+If you do not wish to set every field in a `table`, it may be more convenient to
+manually set each field of your monster, instead of calling `create_monster_as_root()`.
+The following snippet is functionally equivalent to the above code, but provides
+a bit more flexibility.
+<br>
+~~~{.c}
+  // It is important to pair `start_as_root` with `end_as_root`.
+  ns(Monster_start_as_root(B));
+  ns(Monster_pos_create(B, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f));
+  // or alternatively
+  //ns(Monster_pos_add(&pos);
+
+  ns(Monster_hp_add(B, hp));
+  // Notice that `Monser_name_add` adds a string reference unlike the
+  // add_str and add_strn variants.
+  ns(Monster_name_add(B, name));
+  ns(Monster_inventory_add(B, inventory));
+  ns(Monster_color_add(B, ns(Color_Red)));
+  ns(Monster_weapons_add(B, weapons));
+  ns(Monster_equipped_add(B, equipped));
+  // Complete the monster object and make it the buffer root object.
+  ns(Monster_end_as_root(B));
+~~~
+</div>
 
 Before finishing the serialization, let's take a quick look at FlatBuffer
 `union Equipped`. There are two parts to each FlatBuffer `union`. The first, is
@@ -947,11 +1128,18 @@ Here is a repetition these lines, to help highlight them more clearly:
     \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddEquipped($builder, $axe); // Union data
   ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  // Add union type and data simultanously.
+  ns(Monster_equipped_Weapon_add(B, axe));
+~~~
+</div>
 
 After you have created your buffer, you will have the offset to the root of the
 data in the `orc` variable, so you can finish the buffer by calling the
 appropriate `finish` method.
 
+
 <div class="language-cpp">
 ~~~{.cpp}
   // Call `Finish()` to instruct the builder that this monster is complete.
@@ -988,7 +1176,7 @@ appropriate `finish` method.
 <div class="language-javascript">
 ~~~{.js}
   // Call `finish()` to instruct the builder that this monster is complete.
-  builder.finish(orc); // You could also call `MyGame.Example.Monster.finishMonsterBuffer(builder,
+  builder.finish(orc); // You could also call `MyGame.Sample.Monster.finishMonsterBuffer(builder,
                        //                                                                 orc);`.
 ~~~
 </div>
@@ -999,6 +1187,11 @@ appropriate `finish` method.
                            //                        $builder, $orc);`.
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  // Because we used `Monster_create_as_root`, we do not need a `finish` call in C`.
+~~~
+</div>
 
 The buffer is now ready to be stored somewhere, sent over the network, be
 compressed, or whatever you'd like to do with it. You can access the buffer
@@ -1016,12 +1209,23 @@ like so:
 ~~~{.java}
   // This must be called after `finish()`.
   java.nio.ByteBuffer buf = builder.dataBuffer();
+  // The data in this ByteBuffer does NOT start at 0, but at buf.position().
+  // The number of bytes is buf.remaining().
+
+  // Alternatively this copies the above data out of the ByteBuffer for you:
+  bytes[] buf = builder.sizedByteArray();
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-csharp">
 ~~~{.cs}
   // This must be called after `Finish()`.
   var buf = builder.DataBuffer; // Of type `FlatBuffers.ByteBuffer`.
+  // The data in this ByteBuffer does NOT start at 0, but at buf.Position.
+  // The end of the data is marked by buf.Length, so the size is
+  // buf.Length - buf.Position.
+
+  // Alternatively this copies the above data out of the ByteBuffer for you:
+  bytes[] buf = builder.SizedByteArray();
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-go">
@@ -1039,15 +1243,46 @@ like so:
 <div class="language-javascript">
 ~~~{.js}
   // This must be called after `finish()`.
-  var buf = builder.dataBuffer(); // Of type `flatbuffers.ByteBuffer`.
+  var buf = builder.asUint8Array(); // Of type `Uint8Array`.
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-php">
 ~~~{.php}
   // This must be called after `finish()`.
   $buf = $builder->dataBuffer(); // Of type `Google\FlatBuffers\ByteBuffer`
+  // The data in this ByteBuffer does NOT start at 0, but at buf->getPosition().
+  // The end of the data is marked by buf->capacity(), so the size is
+  // buf->capacity() - buf->getPosition().
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  uint8_t *buf;
+  size_t size;
+
+  // Allocate and extract a readable buffer from internal builder heap.
+  // The returned buffer must be deallocated using `free`.
+  // NOTE: Finalizing the buffer does NOT change the builder, it
+  // just creates a snapshot of the builder content.
+  buf = flatcc_builder_finalize_buffer(B, &size);
+  // use buf
+  free(buf);
+
+  // Optionally reset builder to reuse builder without deallocating
+  // internal stack and heap.
+  flatcc_builder_reset(B);
+  // build next buffer.
+  // ...
+
+  // Cleanup.
+  flatcc_builder_clear(B);
+~~~
+</div>
+
+Now you can write the bytes to a file, send them over the network..
+**Make sure your file mode (or tranfer protocol) is set to BINARY, not text.**
+If you transfer a FlatBuffer in text mode, the buffer will be corrupted,
+which will lead to hard to find problems when you read the buffer.
 
 #### Reading Orc FlatBuffers
 
@@ -1055,7 +1290,7 @@ Now that we have successfully created an `Orc` FlatBuffer, the monster data can
 be saved, sent over a network, etc. Let's now adventure into the inverse, and
 deserialize a FlatBuffer.
 
-This seciton requires the same import/include, namespace, etc. requirements as
+This section requires the same import/include, namespace, etc. requirements as
 before:
 
 <div class="language-cpp">
@@ -1134,98 +1369,109 @@ before:
   }
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  // Only needed if we don't have `#include "monster_builder.h"`.
+  #include "monster_reader.h"
 
-Then, assuming you have a variable containing to the bytes of data from disk,
+  #undef ns
-network, etc., you can create a monster from this data:
+  #define ns(x) FLATBUFFERS_WRAP_NAMESPACE(MyGame_Sample, x) // Specified in the schema.
+~~~
+</div>
+
+Then, assuming you have a buffer of bytes received from disk,
+network, etc., you can create start accessing the buffer like so:
+
+**Again, make sure you read the bytes in BINARY mode, otherwise the code below
+won't work**
 
 <div class="language-cpp">
 ~~~{.cpp}
-  // We can access the buffer we just made directly. Pretend this came over a
+  uint8_t *buffer_pointer = /* the data you just read */;
-  // network, was read off of disk, etc.
-  auto buffer_pointer = builder.GetBufferPointer();
 
-  // Deserialize the data from the buffer.
+  // Get a pointer to the root object inside the buffer.
   auto monster = GetMonster(buffer_pointer);
 
-  // `monster` is of type`Monster *`, and points to somewhere inside the buffer.
+  // `monster` is of type `Monster *`.
-
   // Note: root object pointers are NOT the same as `buffer_pointer`.
+  // `GetMonster` is a convenience function that calls `GetRoot<Monster>`,
+  // the latter is also available for non-root types.
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-java">
 ~~~{.java}
-  // We can access the buffer we just made directly. Pretend this came over a
+  byte[] bytes = /* the data you just read */
-  // network, was read off of disk, etc.
+  java.nio.ByteBuffer buf = java.nio.ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
-  java.nio.ByteBuffer buf = builder.dataBuffer();
 
-  // Deserialize the data from the buffer.
+  // Get an accessor to the root object inside the buffer.
   Monster monster = Monster.getRootAsMonster(buf);
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-csharp">
 ~~~{.cs}
-  // We can access the buffer we just made directly. Pretend this came over a
+  byte[] bytes = /* the data you just read */
-  // network, was read off of disk, etc.
+  var buf = new ByteBuffer(bytes);
-  var buf = builder.DataBuffer;
 
-  // Deserialize the data from the buffer.
+  // Get an accessor to the root object inside the buffer.
   var monster = Monster.GetRootAsMonster(buf);
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-go">
 ~~~{.go}
-  // We can access the buffer we just made directly. Pretend this came over a
+  var buf []byte = /* the data you just read */
-  // network, was read off of disk, etc.
-  buf := builder.FinishedBytes()
 
-  // Deserialize the data from the buffer.
+  // Get an accessor to the root object inside the buffer.
   monster := sample.GetRootAsMonster(buf, 0)
 
-  // Note: We use `0` for the offset here, since we got the data using the
+  // Note: We use `0` for the offset here, which is typical for most buffers
-  // `builder.FinishedBytes()` method. This simulates the data you would
+  // you would read. If you wanted to read from `builder.Bytes` directly, you
-  // store/receive in your FlatBuffer. If you wanted to read from the
+  // would need to pass in the offset of `builder.Head()`, as the builder
-  // `builder.Bytes` directly, you would need to pass in the offset of
+  // constructs the buffer backwards, so may not start at offset 0.
-  // `builder.Head()`, as the builder actually constructs the buffer backwards.
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-python">
 ~~~{.py}
-  # We can access the buffer we just made directly. Pretend this came over a
+  buf = /* the data you just read, in an object of type "bytearray" */
-  # network, was read off of disk, etc.
-  buf = builder.Output()
 
-  # Deserialize the data from the buffer.
+  // Get an accessor to the root object inside the buffer.
   monster = MyGame.Sample.Monster.Monster.GetRootAsMonster(buf, 0)
 
-  # Note: We use `0` for the offset here, since we got the data using the
+  # Note: We use `0` for the offset here, which is typical for most buffers
-  # `builder.Output()` method. This simulates the data you would store/receive
+  # you would read.  If you wanted to read from the `builder.Bytes` directly,
-  # in your FlatBuffer. If you wanted to read from the `builder.Bytes` directly,
   # you would need to pass in the offset of `builder.Head()`, as the builder
-  # actually constructs the buffer backwards.
+  # constructs the buffer backwards, so may not start at offset 0.
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-javascript">
 ~~~{.js}
-  // We can access the buffer we just made directly. Pretend this came over a
+  var bytes = /* the data you just read, in an object of type "Uint8Array" */
-  // network, was read off of disk, etc.
+  var buf = new flatbuffers.ByteBuffer(bytes);
-  var buf = builder.dataBuffer();
 
-  // Deserialize the data from the buffer.
+  // Get an accessor to the root object inside the buffer.
   var monster = MyGame.Sample.Monster.getRootAsMonster(buf);
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-php">
 ~~~{.php}
-  // We can access the buffer we just made directly. Pretend this came over a
+  $bytes = /* the data you just read, in a string */
-  // network, was read off of disk, etc.
+  $buf = Google\FlatBuffers\ByteBuffer::wrap($bytes);
-  $buf = $builder->dataBuffer();
 
-  // Deserialize the data from the buffer.
+  // Get an accessor to the root object inside the buffer.
   $monster = \MyGame\Sample\Monster::GetRootAsMonster($buf);
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  // Note that we use the `table_t` suffix when reading a table object
+  // as opposed to the `ref_t` suffix used during the construction of
+  // the buffer.
+  ns(Monster_table_t) monster = ns(Monster_as_root(buffer));
 
-If you look in the generated files from `flatc`, you will see it generated
+  // Note: root object pointers are NOT the same as the `buffer` pointer.
+~~~
+</div>
+
+If you look in the generated files from the schema compiler, you will see it generated
 accessors for all non-`deprecated` fields. For example:
 
 <div class="language-cpp">
@@ -1279,10 +1525,17 @@ accessors for all non-`deprecated` fields. For example:
   $name = monster->getName();
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  uint16_t hp = ns(Monster_hp(monster));
+  uint16_t mana = ns(Monster_mana(monster));
+  flatbuffers_string_t name = ns(Monster_name(monster));
+~~~
+</div>
 
 These should hold `300`, `150`, and `"Orc"` respectively.
 
-*Note: We never stored a value in `mp`, so we got the default value of `150`.*
+*Note: The default value `150` wasn't stored in `mana`, but we are still able to retrieve it.*
 
 To access sub-objects, in the case of our `pos`, which is a `Vec3`:
 
@@ -1304,10 +1557,10 @@ To access sub-objects, in the case of our `pos`, which is a `Vec3`:
 </div>
 <div class="language-csharp">
 ~~~{.cs}
-  var pos = monster.Pos
+  var pos = monster.Pos.Value;
-  var x = pos.X
+  var x = pos.X;
-  var y = pos.Y
+  var y = pos.Y;
-  var z = pos.Z
+  var z = pos.Z;
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-go">
@@ -1348,10 +1601,18 @@ To access sub-objects, in the case of our `pos`, which is a `Vec3`:
   $z = $pos->getZ();
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  ns(Vec3_struct_t) pos = ns(Monster_pos(monster));
+  float x = ns(Vec3_x(pos));
+  float y = ns(Vec3_y(pos));
+  float z = ns(Vec3_z(pos));
+~~~
+</div>
 
 `x`, `y`, and `z` will contain `1.0`, `2.0`, and `3.0`, respectively.
 
-*Note: Had we not set `pos` during serialization, it would be `NULL`-value.*
+*Note: Had we not set `pos` during serialization, it would be a `NULL`-value.*
 
 Similarly, we can access elements of the inventory `vector` by indexing it. You
 can also iterate over the length of the array/vector representing the
@@ -1373,7 +1634,7 @@ FlatBuffers `vector`.
 <div class="language-csharp">
 ~~~{.cs}
   int invLength = monster.InventoryLength;
-  var thirdItem = monster.GetInventory(2);
+  var thirdItem = monster.Inventory(2);
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-go">
@@ -1400,6 +1661,14 @@ FlatBuffers `vector`.
   $third_item = $monster->getInventory(2);
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+    // If `inv` hasn't been set, it will be null. It is valid get
+    // the length of null which will be 0, useful for iteration.
+    flatbuffers_uint8_vec_t inv = ns(Monster_inventory(monster));
+    size_t inv_len = flatbuffers_uint8_vec_len(inv);
+~~~
+</div>
 
 For `vector`s of `table`s, you can access the elements like any other vector,
 except your need to handle the result as a FlatBuffer `table`:
@@ -1422,8 +1691,8 @@ except your need to handle the result as a FlatBuffer `table`:
 <div class="language-csharp">
 ~~~{.cs}
   int weaponsLength = monster.WeaponsLength;
-  var secondWeaponName = monster.GetWeapons(1).Name;
+  var secondWeaponName = monster.Weapons(1).Name;
-  var secondWeaponDamage = monster.GetWeapons(1).Damage;
+  var secondWeaponDamage = monster.Weapons(1).Damage;
 ~~~
 </div>
 <div class="language-go">
@@ -1458,6 +1727,15 @@ except your need to handle the result as a FlatBuffer `table`:
   $second_weapon_damage = $monster->getWeapons(1)->getDamage();
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  ns(Weapon_vec_t) weapons = ns(Monster_weapons(monster));
+  size_t weapons_len = ns(Weapon_vec_len(weapons));
+  // We can use `const char *` instead of `flatbuffers_string_t`.
+  const char *second_weapon_name = ns(Weapon_name(ns(Weapon_vec_at(weapons, 1))));
+  uint16_t second_weapon_damage =  ns(Weapon_damage(ns(Weapon_vec_at(weapons, 1))));
+~~~
+</div>
 
 Last, we can access our `Equipped` FlatBuffer `union`. Just like when we created
 the `union`, we need to get both parts of the `union`: the type and the data.
@@ -1496,8 +1774,7 @@ We can access the type to dynamically cast the data as needed (since the
   var unionType = monster.EquippedType;
 
   if (unionType == Equipment.Weapon) {
-    var weapon = (Weapon)monster.GetEquipped(new Weapon()); // Requires explicit cast
+    var weapon = monster.Equipped<Weapon>().Value;
-                                                            // to `Weapon`.
 
     var weaponName = weapon.Name;     // "Axe"
     var weaponDamage = weapon.Damage; // 5
@@ -1560,6 +1837,18 @@ We can access the type to dynamically cast the data as needed (since the
   }
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  // Access union type field.
+  if (ns(Monster_equipped_type(monster)) == ns(Equipment_Weapon)) {
+      // Cast to appropriate type:
+      // C allows for silent void pointer assignment, so we need no explicit cast.
+      ns(Weapon_table_t) weapon = ns(Monster_equipped(monster));
+      const char *weapon_name = ns(Weapon_name(weapon)); // "Axe"
+      uint16_t weapon_damage = ns(Weapon_damage(weapon)); // 5
+  }
+~~~
+</div>
 
 ## Mutating FlatBuffers
 
@@ -1624,6 +1913,12 @@ mutators like so:
   <API for mutating FlatBuffers is not yet supported in PHP.>
 ~~~
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+~~~{.c}
+  <API for in-place mutating FlatBuffers will not be supported in C
+  (except in-place vector sorting is possible).>
+~~~
+</div>
 
 We use the somewhat verbose term `mutate` instead of `set` to indicate that this
 is a special use case, not to be confused with the default way of constructing
@@ -1644,6 +1939,9 @@ One way to solve this is to call `ForceDefaults` on a FlatBufferBuilder to
 force all fields you set to actually be written. This, of course, increases the
 size of the buffer somewhat, but this may be acceptable for a mutable buffer.
 
+If this is not sufficient, other ways of mutating FlatBuffers may be supported
+in your language through an object based API (`--gen-object-api`) or reflection.
+See the individual language documents for support.
 
 ## JSON with FlatBuffers
 
@@ -1687,6 +1985,14 @@ FlatBuffer binary representation of the contents from our `.json` file.
 [Use in C++](@ref flatbuffers_guide_use_cpp) section of the Programmer's
 Guide for more information.*
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+*Note: If you're working in C, the `flatcc --json` (not `flatc`)
+compiler will generate schema specific high performance json parsers and
+printers that you can compile and use at runtime. The `flatc` compiler (not
+`flatcc`) on the other hand, is still useful for general offline json to
+flatbuffer conversion from a given schema. There are no current plans
+for `flatcc` to support this.*
+</div>
 
 ## Advanced Features for Each Language
 
@@ -1716,5 +2022,8 @@ For your chosen language, see:
 <div class="language-php">
 [Use in PHP](@ref flatbuffers_guide_use_php)
 </div>
+<div class="language-c">
+[Use in C](@ref flatbuffers_guide_use_c)
+</div>
 
 <br>

docs/source/doxyfile

@@ -750,6 +750,7 @@ INPUT = "FlatBuffers.md" \
         "Compiler.md" \
         "Schemas.md" \
         "CppUsage.md" \
+        "CUsage.md" \
         "GoUsage.md" \
         "JavaCsharpUsage.md" \
         "JavaScriptUsage.md" \
@@ -758,11 +759,13 @@ INPUT = "FlatBuffers.md" \
         "Support.md" \
         "Benchmarks.md" \
         "WhitePaper.md" \
+        "FlexBuffers.md" \
         "Internals.md" \
         "Grammar.md" \
-        "CONTRIBUTING.md" \
+        "../../CONTRIBUTING.md" \
         "Tutorial.md" \
         "GoApi.md" \
+        "gRPC/CppUsage.md" \
         "groups" \
         "../../java/com/google/flatbuffers" \
         "../../python/flatbuffers/builder.py" \
@@ -881,21 +884,21 @@ EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS        =
 # that contain example code fragments that are included (see the \include
 # command).
 
-EXAMPLE_PATH           = "GoApi_generated.txt"
+EXAMPLE_PATH           = "GoApi_generated.txt" "../../grpc/samples"
 
 # If the value of the EXAMPLE_PATH tag contains directories, you can use the
 # EXAMPLE_PATTERNS tag to specify one or more wildcard pattern (like *.cpp and
 # *.h) to filter out the source-files in the directories. If left blank all
 # files are included.
 
-EXAMPLE_PATTERNS       = *
+EXAMPLE_PATTERNS       = *.cpp *.h *.txt *.fbs
 
 # If the EXAMPLE_RECURSIVE tag is set to YES then subdirectories will be
 # searched for input files to be used with the \include or \dontinclude commands
 # irrespective of the value of the RECURSIVE tag.
 # The default value is: NO.
 
-EXAMPLE_RECURSIVE      = NO
+EXAMPLE_RECURSIVE      = YES
 
 # The IMAGE_PATH tag can be used to specify one or more files or directories
 # that contain images that are to be included in the documentation (see the

docs/source/doxygen_layout.xml

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
           title="Writing a schema"/>
       <tab type="user" url="@ref flatbuffers_guide_use_cpp"
           title="Use in C++"/>
+      <tab type="user" url="@ref flatbuffers_guide_use_c"
+          title="Use in C"/>
       <tab type="user" url="@ref flatbuffers_guide_use_go"
           title="Use in Go"/>
       <tab type="user" url="@ref flatbuffers_guide_use_java_c-sharp"
@@ -35,6 +37,12 @@
           title="Use in PHP"/>
       <tab type="user" url="@ref flatbuffers_guide_use_python"
           title="Use in Python"/>
+      <tab type="user" url="@ref flexbuffers"
+          title="Schema-less version"/>
+      <tab type="usergroup" url="" title="gRPC">
+        <tab type="user" url="@ref flatbuffers_grpc_guide_use_cpp"
+            title="Use in C++"/>
+      </tab>
     </tab>
     <tab type="user" url="@ref flatbuffers_support"
         title="Platform / Language / Feature support"/>
@@ -45,7 +53,7 @@
     <tab type="user" url="@ref flatbuffers_internals"
         title="FlatBuffers internals"/>
     <tab type="user" url="@ref flatbuffers_grammar"
-        title="Grammar of the schema langauge"/>
+        title="Grammar of the schema language"/>
     <tab type="usergroup" url="" title="API Reference">
       <tab type="modules" visible="yes" title="APIs" intro=""/>
       <tab type="classes" visible="yes" title="">

docs/source/gRPC/CppUsage.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+Use in C++    {#flatbuffers_grpc_guide_use_cpp}
+==========
+
+## Before you get started
+
+Before diving into the FlatBuffers gRPC usage in C++, you should already be
+familiar with the following:
+
+- FlatBuffers as a serialization format
+- [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/docs/) usage
+
+## Using the FlatBuffers gRPC C++ library
+
+NOTE: The examples below are also in the `grpc/samples/greeter` directory.
+
+We will illustrate usage with the following schema:
+
+@include grpc/samples/greeter/greeter.fbs
+
+When we run `flatc`, we pass in the `--grpc` option and generage an additional
+`greeter.grpc.fb.h` and `greeter.grpc.fb.cc`.
+
+Example server code looks like this:
+
+@include grpc/samples/greeter/server.cpp
+
+Example client code looks like this:
+
+@include grpc/samples/greeter/client.cpp

go/builder.go

@@ -110,6 +110,11 @@ func (b *Builder) WriteVtable() (n UOffsetT) {
 	objectOffset := b.Offset()
 	existingVtable := UOffsetT(0)
 
+	// Trim vtable of trailing zeroes.
+	i := len(b.vtable) - 1;
+	for ; i >= 0 && b.vtable[i] == 0; i-- {}
+	b.vtable = b.vtable[:i + 1];
+
 	// Search backwards through existing vtables, because similar vtables
 	// are likely to have been recently appended. See
 	// BenchmarkVtableDeduplication for a case in which this heuristic

go/grpc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package flatbuffers
+
+// Codec implements gRPC-go Codec which is used to encode and decode messages.
+var Codec = "flatbuffers"
+
+type FlatbuffersCodec struct{}
+
+func (FlatbuffersCodec) Marshal(v interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	return v.(*Builder).FinishedBytes(), nil
+}
+
+func (FlatbuffersCodec) Unmarshal(data []byte, v interface{}) error {
+	v.(flatbuffersInit).Init(data, GetUOffsetT(data))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (FlatbuffersCodec) String() string {
+	return Codec
+}
+
+type flatbuffersInit interface {
+	Init(data []byte, i UOffsetT)
+}

go/lib.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package flatbuffers
+
+// FlatBuffer is the interface that represents a flatbuffer.
+type FlatBuffer interface {
+	Table() Table
+	Init(buf []byte, i UOffsetT)
+}
+
+// GetRootAs is a generic helper to initialize a FlatBuffer with the provided buffer bytes and its data offset.
+func GetRootAs(buf []byte, offset UOffsetT, fb FlatBuffer) {
+	n := GetUOffsetT(buf[offset:])
+	fb.Init(buf, n+offset)
+}

go/sizes.go

@@ -1,45 +1,55 @@
 package flatbuffers
 
-import "unsafe"
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+)
 
-var (
+const (
 	// See http://golang.org/ref/spec#Numeric_types
 
 	// SizeUint8 is the byte size of a uint8.
-	SizeUint8 = int(unsafe.Sizeof(uint8(0)))
+	SizeUint8 = 1
 	// SizeUint16 is the byte size of a uint16.
-	SizeUint16 = int(unsafe.Sizeof(uint16(0)))
+	SizeUint16 = 2
 	// SizeUint32 is the byte size of a uint32.
-	SizeUint32 = int(unsafe.Sizeof(uint32(0)))
+	SizeUint32 = 4
 	// SizeUint64 is the byte size of a uint64.
-	SizeUint64 = int(unsafe.Sizeof(uint64(0)))
+	SizeUint64 = 8
 
-	// SizeInt8  is the byte size of a int8.
+	// SizeInt8 is the byte size of a int8.
-	SizeInt8 = int(unsafe.Sizeof(int8(0)))
+	SizeInt8 = 1
 	// SizeInt16 is the byte size of a int16.
-	SizeInt16 = int(unsafe.Sizeof(int16(0)))
+	SizeInt16 = 2
 	// SizeInt32 is the byte size of a int32.
-	SizeInt32 = int(unsafe.Sizeof(int32(0)))
+	SizeInt32 = 4
 	// SizeInt64 is the byte size of a int64.
-	SizeInt64 = int(unsafe.Sizeof(int64(0)))
+	SizeInt64 = 8
 
 	// SizeFloat32 is the byte size of a float32.
-	SizeFloat32 = int(unsafe.Sizeof(float32(0)))
+	SizeFloat32 = 4
 	// SizeFloat64 is the byte size of a float64.
-	SizeFloat64 = int(unsafe.Sizeof(float64(0)))
+	SizeFloat64 = 8
 
 	// SizeByte is the byte size of a byte.
 	// The `byte` type is aliased (by Go definition) to uint8.
-	SizeByte = SizeUint8
+	SizeByte = 1
 
 	// SizeBool is the byte size of a bool.
 	// The `bool` type is aliased (by flatbuffers convention) to uint8.
-	SizeBool = SizeUint8
+	SizeBool = 1
 
 	// SizeSOffsetT is the byte size of an SOffsetT.
-	SizeSOffsetT = int(unsafe.Sizeof(SOffsetT(0)))
+	// The `SOffsetT` type is aliased (by flatbuffers convention) to int32.
+	SizeSOffsetT = 4
 	// SizeUOffsetT is the byte size of an UOffsetT.
-	SizeUOffsetT = int(unsafe.Sizeof(UOffsetT(0)))
+	// The `UOffsetT` type is aliased (by flatbuffers convention) to uint32.
+	SizeUOffsetT = 4
 	// SizeVOffsetT is the byte size of an VOffsetT.
-	SizeVOffsetT = int(unsafe.Sizeof(VOffsetT(0)))
+	// The `VOffsetT` type is aliased (by flatbuffers convention) to uint16.
+	SizeVOffsetT = 2
 )
+
+// byteSliceToString converts a []byte to string without a heap allocation.
+func byteSliceToString(b []byte) string {
+	return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
+}

go/table.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ type Table struct {
 
 // Offset provides access into the Table's vtable.
 //
-// Deprecated fields are ignored by checking against the vtable's length.
+// Fields which are deprecated are ignored by checking against the vtable's length.
 func (t *Table) Offset(vtableOffset VOffsetT) VOffsetT {
 	vtable := UOffsetT(SOffsetT(t.Pos) - t.GetSOffsetT(t.Pos))
 	if vtableOffset < t.GetVOffsetT(vtable) {
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ func (t *Table) Indirect(off UOffsetT) UOffsetT {
 
 // String gets a string from data stored inside the flatbuffer.
 func (t *Table) String(off UOffsetT) string {
-	return string(t.ByteVector(off))
+	b := t.ByteVector(off)
+	return byteSliceToString(b)
 }
 
 // ByteVector gets a byte slice from data stored inside the flatbuffer.
@@ -292,3 +293,213 @@ func (t *Table) GetVOffsetTSlot(slot VOffsetT, d VOffsetT) VOffsetT {
 	}
 	return VOffsetT(off)
 }
+
+// MutateBool updates a bool at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateBool(off UOffsetT, n bool) bool {
+	WriteBool(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateByte updates a Byte at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateByte(off UOffsetT, n byte) bool {
+	WriteByte(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateUint8 updates a Uint8 at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateUint8(off UOffsetT, n uint8) bool {
+	WriteUint8(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateUint16 updates a Uint16 at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateUint16(off UOffsetT, n uint16) bool {
+	WriteUint16(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateUint32 updates a Uint32 at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateUint32(off UOffsetT, n uint32) bool {
+	WriteUint32(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateUint64 updates a Uint64 at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateUint64(off UOffsetT, n uint64) bool {
+	WriteUint64(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateInt8 updates a Int8 at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateInt8(off UOffsetT, n int8) bool {
+	WriteInt8(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateInt16 updates a Int16 at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateInt16(off UOffsetT, n int16) bool {
+	WriteInt16(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateInt32 updates a Int32 at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateInt32(off UOffsetT, n int32) bool {
+	WriteInt32(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateInt64 updates a Int64 at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateInt64(off UOffsetT, n int64) bool {
+	WriteInt64(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateFloat32 updates a Float32 at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateFloat32(off UOffsetT, n float32) bool {
+	WriteFloat32(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateFloat64 updates a Float64 at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateFloat64(off UOffsetT, n float64) bool {
+	WriteFloat64(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateUOffsetT updates a UOffsetT at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateUOffsetT(off UOffsetT, n UOffsetT) bool {
+	WriteUOffsetT(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateVOffsetT updates a VOffsetT at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateVOffsetT(off UOffsetT, n VOffsetT) bool {
+	WriteVOffsetT(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateSOffsetT updates a SOffsetT at the given offset.
+func (t *Table) MutateSOffsetT(off UOffsetT, n SOffsetT) bool {
+	WriteSOffsetT(t.Bytes[off:], n)
+	return true
+}
+
+// MutateBoolSlot updates the bool at given vtable location
+func (t *Table) MutateBoolSlot(slot VOffsetT, n bool) bool {
+	if off := t.Offset(slot); off != 0 {
+		t.MutateBool(t.Pos+UOffsetT(off), n)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// MutateByteSlot updates the byte at given vtable location
+func (t *Table) MutateByteSlot(slot VOffsetT, n byte) bool {
+	if off := t.Offset(slot); off != 0 {
+		t.MutateByte(t.Pos+UOffsetT(off), n)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// MutateInt8Slot updates the int8 at given vtable location
+func (t *Table) MutateInt8Slot(slot VOffsetT, n int8) bool {
+	if off := t.Offset(slot); off != 0 {
+		t.MutateInt8(t.Pos+UOffsetT(off), n)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// MutateUint8Slot updates the uint8 at given vtable location
+func (t *Table) MutateUint8Slot(slot VOffsetT, n uint8) bool {
+	if off := t.Offset(slot); off != 0 {
+		t.MutateUint8(t.Pos+UOffsetT(off), n)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// MutateInt16Slot updates the int16 at given vtable location
+func (t *Table) MutateInt16Slot(slot VOffsetT, n int16) bool {
+	if off := t.Offset(slot); off != 0 {
+		t.MutateInt16(t.Pos+UOffsetT(off), n)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// MutateUint16Slot updates the uint16 at given vtable location
+func (t *Table) MutateUint16Slot(slot VOffsetT, n uint16) bool {
+	if off := t.Offset(slot); off != 0 {
+		t.MutateUint16(t.Pos+UOffsetT(off), n)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// MutateInt32Slot updates the int32 at given vtable location
+func (t *Table) MutateInt32Slot(slot VOffsetT, n int32) bool {
+	if off := t.Offset(slot); off != 0 {
+		t.MutateInt32(t.Pos+UOffsetT(off), n)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// MutateUint32Slot updates the uint32 at given vtable location
+func (t *Table) MutateUint32Slot(slot VOffsetT, n uint32) bool {
+	if off := t.Offset(slot); off != 0 {
+		t.MutateUint32(t.Pos+UOffsetT(off), n)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// MutateInt64Slot updates the int64 at given vtable location
+func (t *Table) MutateInt64Slot(slot VOffsetT, n int64) bool {
+	if off := t.Offset(slot); off != 0 {
+		t.MutateInt64(t.Pos+UOffsetT(off), n)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// MutateUint64Slot updates the uint64 at given vtable location
+func (t *Table) MutateUint64Slot(slot VOffsetT, n uint64) bool {
+	if off := t.Offset(slot); off != 0 {
+		t.MutateUint64(t.Pos+UOffsetT(off), n)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// MutateFloat32Slot updates the float32 at given vtable location
+func (t *Table) MutateFloat32Slot(slot VOffsetT, n float32) bool {
+	if off := t.Offset(slot); off != 0 {
+		t.MutateFloat32(t.Pos+UOffsetT(off), n)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// MutateFloat64Slot updates the float64 at given vtable location
+func (t *Table) MutateFloat64Slot(slot VOffsetT, n float64) bool {
+	if off := t.Offset(slot); off != 0 {
+		t.MutateFloat64(t.Pos+UOffsetT(off), n)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

grpc/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+GRPC implementation and test
+============================
+
+NOTE: files in `src/` are shared with the GRPC project, and maintained there
+(any changes should be submitted to GRPC instead). These files are copied
+from GRPC, and work with both the Protobuf and FlatBuffers code generator.
+
+`tests/` contains a GRPC specific test, you need to have built and installed
+the GRPC libraries for this to compile. This test will build using the
+`FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_GRPCTEST` option to the main FlatBuffers CMake project.
+

grpc/samples/greeter/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+CXXFLAGS ?= -I../../../include
+LDFLAGS ?=
+
+.PHONY: all
+all: server client
+
+greeter_generated.h: greeter.fbs
+	flatc --grpc --cpp $<
+
+server: server.cpp greeter.grpc.fb.cc greeter_generated.h greeter.grpc.fb.h
+	g++ -std=c++11 -O2 $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -lgpr -lgrpc -lgrpc++ server.cpp greeter.grpc.fb.cc -o $@
+
+client: client.cpp greeter.grpc.fb.cc greeter_generated.h greeter.grpc.fb.h
+	g++ -std=c++11 -O2 $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -lgpr -lgrpc -lgrpc++ client.cpp greeter.grpc.fb.cc -o $@

grpc/samples/greeter/client.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#include "greeter.grpc.fb.h"
+#include "greeter_generated.h"
+
+#include <grpc++/grpc++.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+class GreeterClient {
+ public:
+  GreeterClient(std::shared_ptr<grpc::Channel> channel)
+    : stub_(Greeter::NewStub(channel)) {}
+
+  std::string SayHello(const std::string &name) {
+    flatbuffers::grpc::MessageBuilder mb;
+    auto name_offset = mb.CreateString(name);
+    auto request_offset = CreateHelloRequest(mb, name_offset);
+    mb.Finish(request_offset);
+    auto request_msg = mb.ReleaseMessage<HelloRequest>();
+
+    flatbuffers::grpc::Message<HelloReply> response_msg;
+
+    grpc::ClientContext context;
+
+    auto status = stub_->SayHello(&context, request_msg, &response_msg);
+    if (status.ok()) {
+      const HelloReply *response = response_msg.GetRoot();
+      return response->message()->str();
+    } else {
+      std::cerr << status.error_code() << ": " << status.error_message()
+                << std::endl;
+      return "RPC failed";
+    }
+  }
+
+  void SayManyHellos(const std::string &name, int num_greetings,
+                     std::function<void(const std::string &)> callback) {
+    flatbuffers::grpc::MessageBuilder mb;
+    auto name_offset = mb.CreateString(name);
+    auto request_offset =
+        CreateManyHellosRequest(mb, name_offset, num_greetings);
+    mb.Finish(request_offset);
+    auto request_msg = mb.ReleaseMessage<ManyHellosRequest>();
+
+    flatbuffers::grpc::Message<HelloReply> response_msg;
+
+    grpc::ClientContext context;
+
+    auto stream = stub_->SayManyHellos(&context, request_msg);
+    while (stream->Read(&response_msg)) {
+      const HelloReply *response = response_msg.GetRoot();
+      callback(response->message()->str());
+    }
+    auto status = stream->Finish();
+    if (!status.ok()) {
+      std::cerr << status.error_code() << ": " << status.error_message()
+                << std::endl;
+      callback("RPC failed");
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<Greeter::Stub> stub_;
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  std::string server_address("localhost:50051");
+
+  auto channel =
+      grpc::CreateChannel(server_address, grpc::InsecureChannelCredentials());
+  GreeterClient greeter(channel);
+
+  std::string name("world");
+
+  std::string message = greeter.SayHello(name);
+  std::cerr << "Greeter received: " << message << std::endl;
+
+  int num_greetings = 10;
+  greeter.SayManyHellos(name, num_greetings, [](const std::string &message) {
+    std::cerr << "Greeter received: " << message << std::endl;
+  });
+
+  return 0;
+}

grpc/samples/greeter/greeter.fbs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+table HelloReply {
+  message:string;
+}
+
+table HelloRequest {
+  name:string;
+}
+
+table ManyHellosRequest {
+  name:string;
+  num_greetings:int;
+}
+
+rpc_service Greeter {
+  SayHello(HelloRequest):HelloReply;
+  SayManyHellos(ManyHellosRequest):HelloReply (streaming: "server");
+}

grpc/samples/greeter/server.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#include "greeter.grpc.fb.h"
+#include "greeter_generated.h"
+
+#include <grpc++/grpc++.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+class GreeterServiceImpl final : public Greeter::Service {
+  virtual grpc::Status SayHello(
+      grpc::ServerContext *context,
+      const flatbuffers::grpc::Message<HelloRequest> *request_msg,
+      flatbuffers::grpc::Message<HelloReply> *response_msg) override {
+    // flatbuffers::grpc::MessageBuilder mb_;
+    // We call GetRoot to "parse" the message. Verification is already
+    // performed by default. See the notes below for more details.
+    const HelloRequest *request = request_msg->GetRoot();
+
+    // Fields are retrieved as usual with FlatBuffers
+    const std::string &name = request->name()->str();
+
+    // `flatbuffers::grpc::MessageBuilder` is a `FlatBufferBuilder` with a
+    // special allocator for efficient gRPC buffer transfer, but otherwise
+    // usage is the same as usual.
+    auto msg_offset = mb_.CreateString("Hello, " + name);
+    auto hello_offset = CreateHelloReply(mb_, msg_offset);
+    mb_.Finish(hello_offset);
+
+    // The `ReleaseMessage<T>()` function detaches the message from the
+    // builder, so we can transfer the resopnse to gRPC while simultaneously
+    // detaching that memory buffer from the builer.
+    *response_msg = mb_.ReleaseMessage<HelloReply>();
+    assert(response_msg->Verify());
+
+    // Return an OK status.
+    return grpc::Status::OK;
+  }
+
+  virtual grpc::Status SayManyHellos(
+      grpc::ServerContext *context,
+      const flatbuffers::grpc::Message<ManyHellosRequest> *request_msg,
+      grpc::ServerWriter<flatbuffers::grpc::Message<HelloReply>> *writer)
+      override {
+    // The streaming usage below is simply a combination of standard gRPC
+    // streaming with the FlatBuffers usage shown above.
+    const ManyHellosRequest *request = request_msg->GetRoot();
+    const std::string &name = request->name()->str();
+    int num_greetings = request->num_greetings();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_greetings; i++) {
+      auto msg_offset = mb_.CreateString("Many hellos, " + name);
+      auto hello_offset = CreateHelloReply(mb_, msg_offset);
+      mb_.Finish(hello_offset);
+      writer->Write(mb_.ReleaseMessage<HelloReply>());
+    }
+
+    return grpc::Status::OK;
+  }
+
+  flatbuffers::grpc::MessageBuilder mb_;
+};
+
+void RunServer() {
+  std::string server_address("0.0.0.0:50051");
+  GreeterServiceImpl service;
+
+  grpc::ServerBuilder builder;
+  builder.AddListeningPort(server_address, grpc::InsecureServerCredentials());
+  builder.RegisterService(&service);
+  std::unique_ptr<grpc::Server> server(builder.BuildAndStart());
+  std::cerr << "Server listening on " << server_address << std::endl;
+
+  server->Wait();
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
+  RunServer();
+  return 0;
+}

grpc/src/compiler/config.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef SRC_COMPILER_CONFIG_H
+#define SRC_COMPILER_CONFIG_H
+
+// This file is here only because schema_interface.h, which is copied from gRPC,
+// includes it. There is nothing for Flatbuffers to configure.
+
+#endif  // SRC_COMPILER_CONFIG_H

grpc/src/compiler/cpp_generator.h

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef GRPC_INTERNAL_COMPILER_CPP_GENERATOR_H
+#define GRPC_INTERNAL_COMPILER_CPP_GENERATOR_H
+
+// cpp_generator.h/.cc do not directly depend on GRPC/ProtoBuf, such that they
+// can be used to generate code for other serialization systems, such as
+// FlatBuffers.
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "src/compiler/config.h"
+#include "src/compiler/schema_interface.h"
+
+#ifndef GRPC_CUSTOM_STRING
+#include <string>
+#define GRPC_CUSTOM_STRING std::string
+#endif
+
+namespace grpc {
+
+typedef GRPC_CUSTOM_STRING string;
+
+}  // namespace grpc
+
+namespace grpc_cpp_generator {
+
+// Contains all the parameters that are parsed from the command line.
+struct Parameters {
+  // Puts the service into a namespace
+  grpc::string services_namespace;
+  // Use system includes (<>) or local includes ("")
+  bool use_system_headers;
+  // Prefix to any grpc include
+  grpc::string grpc_search_path;
+  // Generate GMOCK code to facilitate unit testing.
+  bool generate_mock_code;
+};
+
+// Return the prologue of the generated header file.
+grpc::string GetHeaderPrologue(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                               const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the includes needed for generated header file.
+grpc::string GetHeaderIncludes(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                               const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the includes needed for generated source file.
+grpc::string GetSourceIncludes(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                               const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the epilogue of the generated header file.
+grpc::string GetHeaderEpilogue(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                               const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the prologue of the generated source file.
+grpc::string GetSourcePrologue(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                               const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the services for generated header file.
+grpc::string GetHeaderServices(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                               const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the services for generated source file.
+grpc::string GetSourceServices(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                               const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the epilogue of the generated source file.
+grpc::string GetSourceEpilogue(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                               const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the prologue of the generated mock file.
+grpc::string GetMockPrologue(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                             const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the includes needed for generated mock file.
+grpc::string GetMockIncludes(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                             const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the services for generated mock file.
+grpc::string GetMockServices(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                             const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the epilogue of generated mock file.
+grpc::string GetMockEpilogue(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                             const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the prologue of the generated mock file.
+grpc::string GetMockPrologue(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                             const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the includes needed for generated mock file.
+grpc::string GetMockIncludes(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                             const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the services for generated mock file.
+grpc::string GetMockServices(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                             const Parameters &params);
+
+// Return the epilogue of generated mock file.
+grpc::string GetMockEpilogue(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                             const Parameters &params);
+
+}  // namespace grpc_cpp_generator
+
+#endif  // GRPC_INTERNAL_COMPILER_CPP_GENERATOR_H

grpc/src/compiler/go_generator.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation AN/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <map>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "src/compiler/go_generator.h"
+
+template <class T>
+grpc::string as_string(T x) {
+	std::ostringstream out;
+	out << x;
+	return out.str();
+}
+
+inline bool ClientOnlyStreaming(const grpc_generator::Method *method) {
+  return method->ClientStreaming() && !method->ServerStreaming();
+}
+
+inline bool ServerOnlyStreaming(const grpc_generator::Method *method) {
+  return !method->ClientStreaming() && method->ServerStreaming();
+}
+
+namespace grpc_go_generator {
+
+// Returns string with first letter to lowerCase
+grpc::string unexportName(grpc::string s) {
+	if (s.empty())
+		return s;
+	s[0] = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(s[0]));
+	return s;
+}
+
+// Returns string with first letter to uppercase
+grpc::string exportName(grpc::string s) {
+	if (s.empty())
+		return s;
+	s[0] = static_cast<char>(std::toupper(s[0]));
+	return s;
+}
+
+// Generates imports for the service
+void GenerateImports(grpc_generator::File *file, grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
+                     std::map<grpc::string, grpc::string> vars) {
+	vars["filename"] = file->filename();
+	printer->Print("//Generated by gRPC Go plugin\n");
+	printer->Print("//If you make any local changes, they will be lost\n");
+	printer->Print(vars, "//source: $filename$\n\n");
+	printer->Print(vars, "package $Package$\n\n");
+	if (file->additional_headers() != "") {
+		printer->Print(file->additional_headers().c_str());
+		printer->Print("\n\n");
+	}
+	printer->Print("import (\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	printer->Print(vars, "$context$ \"golang.org/x/net/context\"\n");
+	printer->Print(vars, "$grpc$ \"google.golang.org/grpc\"\n");
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print(")\n\n");
+}
+
+// Generates Server method signature source
+void GenerateServerMethodSignature(const grpc_generator::Method *method, grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
+                                   std::map<grpc::string, grpc::string> vars) {
+	vars["Method"] = exportName(method->name());
+	vars["Request"] = method->get_input_type_name();
+	vars["Response"] = (vars["CustomMethodIO"] == "") ? method->get_output_type_name() : vars["CustomMethodIO"];
+	if (method->NoStreaming()) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "$Method$($context$.Context, *$Request$) (*$Response$, error)");
+	} else if (ServerOnlyStreaming(method)) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "$Method$(*$Request$, $Service$_$Method$Server) error");
+	} else {
+		printer->Print(vars, "$Method$($Service$_$Method$Server) error");
+	}
+}
+
+void GenerateServerMethod(const grpc_generator::Method *method, grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
+                          std::map<grpc::string, grpc::string> vars) {
+	vars["Method"] = exportName(method->name());
+	vars["Request"] = method->get_input_type_name();
+	vars["Response"] = (vars["CustomMethodIO"] == "") ? method->get_output_type_name() : vars["CustomMethodIO"];
+	vars["FullMethodName"] = "/" + vars["Package"] + "." + vars["Service"] + "/" + vars["Method"];
+	vars["Handler"] = "_" + vars["Service"] + "_" + vars["Method"] + "_Handler";
+	if (method->NoStreaming()) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "func $Handler$(srv interface{}, ctx $context$.Context,\n\tdec func(interface{}) error, interceptor $grpc$.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {\n");
+		printer->Indent();
+		printer->Print(vars, "in := new($Request$)\n");
+		printer->Print("if err := dec(in); err != nil { return nil, err }\n");
+		printer->Print(vars, "if interceptor == nil { return srv.($Service$Server).$Method$(ctx, in) }\n");
+		printer->Print(vars, "info := &$grpc$.UnaryServerInfo{\n");
+		printer->Indent();
+		printer->Print("Server: srv,\n");
+		printer->Print(vars, "FullMethod: \"$FullMethodName$\",\n");
+		printer->Outdent();
+		printer->Print("}\n\n");
+		printer->Print(vars, "handler := func(ctx $context$.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {\n");
+		printer->Indent();
+		printer->Print(vars, "return srv.($Service$Server).$Method$(ctx, req.(* $Request$))\n");
+		printer->Outdent();
+		printer->Print("}\n");
+		printer->Print("return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)\n");
+		printer->Outdent();
+		printer->Print("}\n\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	vars["StreamType"] = vars["ServiceUnexported"] + vars["Method"] + "Server";
+	printer->Print(vars, "func $Handler$(srv interface{}, stream $grpc$.ServerStream) error {\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	if (ServerOnlyStreaming(method)) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "m := new($Request$)\n");
+		printer->Print(vars, "if err := stream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil { return err }\n");
+		printer->Print(vars, "return srv.($Service$Server).$Method$(m, &$StreamType${stream})\n");
+	} else {
+		printer->Print(vars, "return srv.($Service$Server).$Method$(&$StreamType${stream})\n");
+	}
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+	bool genSend = method->BidiStreaming() || ServerOnlyStreaming(method);
+	bool genRecv = method->BidiStreaming() || ClientOnlyStreaming(method);
+	bool genSendAndClose = ClientOnlyStreaming(method);
+
+	printer->Print(vars, "type $Service$_$Method$Server interface { \n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	if (genSend) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "Send(* $Response$) error\n");
+	}
+	if (genRecv) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "Recv() (* $Request$, error)\n");
+	}
+	if (genSendAndClose) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "SendAndClose(* $Response$) error\n");
+	}
+	printer->Print(vars, "$grpc$.ServerStream\n");
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+	printer->Print(vars, "type $StreamType$ struct {\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	printer->Print(vars, "$grpc$.ServerStream\n");
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+	if (genSend) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "func (x *$StreamType$) Send(m *$Response$) error {\n");
+		printer->Indent();
+		printer->Print("return x.ServerStream.SendMsg(m)\n");
+		printer->Outdent();
+		printer->Print("}\n\n");
+	}
+	if (genRecv) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "func (x *$StreamType$) Recv() (*$Request$, error) {\n");
+		printer->Indent();
+		printer->Print(vars, "m := new($Request$)\n");
+		printer->Print("if err := x.ServerStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil { return nil, err }\n");
+		printer->Print("return m, nil\n");
+		printer->Outdent();
+		printer->Print("}\n\n");
+	}
+	if (genSendAndClose) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "func (x *$StreamType$) SendAndClose(m *$Response$) error {\n");
+		printer->Indent();
+		printer->Print("return x.ServerStream.SendMsg(m)\n");
+		printer->Outdent();
+		printer->Print("}\n\n");
+	}
+
+}
+
+// Generates Client method signature source
+void GenerateClientMethodSignature(const grpc_generator::Method *method, grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
+                                   std::map<grpc::string, grpc::string> vars) {
+	vars["Method"] = exportName(method->name());
+	vars["Request"] = ", in *" + ((vars["CustomMethodIO"] == "") ? method->get_input_type_name() : vars["CustomMethodIO"]);
+	if (ClientOnlyStreaming(method) || method->BidiStreaming()) {
+		vars["Request"] = "";
+	}
+	vars["Response"] = "* " + method->get_output_type_name();
+	if (ClientOnlyStreaming(method) || method->BidiStreaming() || ServerOnlyStreaming(method)) {
+		vars["Response"] = vars["Service"] + "_" + vars["Method"] + "Client" ;
+	}
+	printer->Print(vars, "$Method$(ctx $context$.Context$Request$, \n\topts... $grpc$.CallOption) ($Response$, error)");
+}
+
+// Generates Client method source
+void GenerateClientMethod(const grpc_generator::Method *method, grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
+                          std::map<grpc::string, grpc::string> vars) {
+	printer->Print(vars, "func (c *$ServiceUnexported$Client) ");
+	GenerateClientMethodSignature(method, printer, vars);
+	printer->Print(" {\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	vars["Method"] = exportName(method->name());
+	vars["Request"] = (vars["CustomMethodIO"] == "") ? method->get_input_type_name() : vars["CustomMethodIO"];
+	vars["Response"] = method->get_output_type_name();
+	vars["FullMethodName"] = "/" + vars["Package"] + "." + vars["Service"] + "/" + vars["Method"];
+	if (method->NoStreaming()) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "out := new($Response$)\n");
+		printer->Print(vars, "err := $grpc$.Invoke(ctx, \"$FullMethodName$\", in, out, c.cc, opts...)\n");
+		printer->Print("if err != nil { return nil, err }\n");
+		printer->Print("return out, nil\n");
+		printer->Outdent();
+		printer->Print("}\n\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	vars["StreamType"] = vars["ServiceUnexported"] + vars["Method"] + "Client";
+	printer->Print(vars, "stream, err := $grpc$.NewClientStream(ctx, &$MethodDesc$, c.cc, \"$FullMethodName$\", opts...)\n");
+	printer->Print("if err != nil { return nil, err }\n");
+
+	printer->Print(vars, "x := &$StreamType${stream}\n");
+	if (ServerOnlyStreaming(method)) {
+		printer->Print("if err := x.ClientStream.SendMsg(in); err != nil { return nil, err }\n");
+		printer->Print("if err := x.ClientStream.CloseSend(); err != nil { return nil, err }\n");
+	}
+	printer->Print("return x,nil\n");
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+	bool genSend = method->BidiStreaming() || ClientOnlyStreaming(method);
+	bool genRecv = method->BidiStreaming() || ServerOnlyStreaming(method);
+	bool genCloseAndRecv = ClientOnlyStreaming(method);
+
+	//Stream interface
+	printer->Print(vars, "type $Service$_$Method$Client interface {\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	if (genSend) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "Send(*$Request$) error\n");
+	}
+	if (genRecv) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "Recv() (*$Response$, error)\n");
+	}
+	if (genCloseAndRecv) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "CloseAndRecv() (*$Response$, error)\n");
+	}
+	printer->Print(vars, "$grpc$.ClientStream\n");
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+	//Stream Client
+	printer->Print(vars, "type $StreamType$ struct{\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	printer->Print(vars, "$grpc$.ClientStream\n");
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+	if (genSend) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "func (x *$StreamType$) Send(m *$Request$) error {\n");
+		printer->Indent();
+		printer->Print("return x.ClientStream.SendMsg(m)\n");
+		printer->Outdent();
+		printer->Print("}\n\n");
+	}
+
+	if (genRecv) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "func (x *$StreamType$) Recv() (*$Response$, error) {\n");
+		printer->Indent();
+		printer->Print(vars, "m := new($Response$)\n");
+		printer->Print("if err := x.ClientStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil { return nil, err }\n");
+		printer->Print("return m, nil\n");
+		printer->Outdent();
+		printer->Print("}\n\n");
+	}
+
+	if (genCloseAndRecv) {
+		printer->Print(vars, "func (x *$StreamType$) CloseAndRecv() (*$Response$, error) {\n");
+		printer->Indent();
+		printer->Print("if err := x.ClientStream.CloseSend(); err != nil { return nil, err }\n");
+		printer->Print(vars, "m := new ($Response$)\n");
+		printer->Print("if err := x.ClientStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil { return nil, err }\n");
+		printer->Print("return m, nil\n");
+		printer->Outdent();
+		printer->Print("}\n\n");
+	}
+}
+
+// Generates client API for the service
+void GenerateService(const grpc_generator::Service *service, grpc_generator::Printer* printer,
+                     std::map<grpc::string, grpc::string> vars) {
+	vars["Service"] = exportName(service->name());
+	// Client Interface
+	printer->Print(vars, "// Client API for $Service$ service\n");
+	printer->Print(vars, "type $Service$Client interface{\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	for (int i = 0; i < service->method_count(); i++) {
+		GenerateClientMethodSignature(service->method(i).get(), printer, vars);
+		printer->Print("\n");
+	}
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+	// Client structure
+	vars["ServiceUnexported"] = unexportName(vars["Service"]);
+	printer->Print(vars, "type $ServiceUnexported$Client struct {\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	printer->Print(vars, "cc *$grpc$.ClientConn\n");
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+	// NewClient
+	printer->Print(vars, "func New$Service$Client(cc *$grpc$.ClientConn) $Service$Client {\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	printer->Print(vars, "return &$ServiceUnexported$Client{cc}");
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("\n}\n\n");
+
+	int unary_methods = 0, streaming_methods = 0;
+	vars["ServiceDesc"] = "_" + vars["Service"] + "_serviceDesc";
+	for (int i = 0; i < service->method_count(); i++) {
+		auto method = service->method(i);
+		if (method->NoStreaming()) {
+			vars["MethodDesc"] = vars["ServiceDesc"] + ".Method[" + as_string(unary_methods) + "]";
+			unary_methods++;
+		} else {
+			vars["MethodDesc"] = vars["ServiceDesc"] + ".Streams[" + as_string(streaming_methods) + "]";
+			streaming_methods++;
+		}
+		GenerateClientMethod(method.get(), printer, vars);
+	}
+
+	//Server Interface
+	printer->Print(vars, "// Server API for $Service$ service\n");
+	printer->Print(vars, "type $Service$Server interface {\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	for (int i = 0; i < service->method_count(); i++) {
+		GenerateServerMethodSignature(service->method(i).get(), printer, vars);
+		printer->Print("\n");
+	}
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+	// Server registration.
+	printer->Print(vars, "func Register$Service$Server(s *$grpc$.Server, srv $Service$Server) {\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	printer->Print(vars, "s.RegisterService(&$ServiceDesc$, srv)\n");
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < service->method_count(); i++) {
+		GenerateServerMethod(service->method(i).get(), printer, vars);
+		printer->Print("\n");
+	}
+
+
+	//Service Descriptor
+	printer->Print(vars, "var $ServiceDesc$ = $grpc$.ServiceDesc{\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	printer->Print(vars, "ServiceName: \"$Package$.$Service$\",\n");
+	printer->Print(vars, "HandlerType: (*$Service$Server)(nil),\n");
+	printer->Print(vars, "Methods: []$grpc$.MethodDesc{\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	for (int i = 0; i < service->method_count(); i++) {
+		auto method = service->method(i);
+		vars["Method"] = method->name();
+		vars["Handler"] = "_" + vars["Service"] + "_" + vars["Method"] + "_Handler";
+		if (method->NoStreaming()) {
+			printer->Print("{\n");
+			printer->Indent();
+			printer->Print(vars, "MethodName: \"$Method$\",\n");
+			printer->Print(vars, "Handler: $Handler$, \n");
+			printer->Outdent();
+			printer->Print("},\n");
+		}
+	}
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("},\n");
+	printer->Print(vars, "Streams: []$grpc$.StreamDesc{\n");
+	printer->Indent();
+	for (int i = 0; i < service->method_count(); i++) {
+		auto method = service->method(i);
+		vars["Method"] = method->name();
+		vars["Handler"] = "_" + vars["Service"] + "_" + vars["Method"] + "_Handler";
+		if (!method->NoStreaming()) {
+			printer->Print("{\n");
+			printer->Indent();
+			printer->Print(vars, "StreamName: \"$Method$\",\n");
+			printer->Print(vars, "Handler: $Handler$, \n");
+			if (ClientOnlyStreaming(method.get())) {
+				printer->Print("ClientStreams: true,\n");
+			} else if (ServerOnlyStreaming(method.get())) {
+				printer->Print("ServerStreams: true,\n");
+			} else {
+				printer->Print("ServerStreams: true,\n");
+				printer->Print("ClientStreams: true,\n");
+			}
+			printer->Outdent();
+			printer->Print("},\n");
+		}
+	}
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("},\n");
+	printer->Outdent();
+	printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+}
+
+
+// Returns source for the service
+grpc::string GenerateServiceSource(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                                   const grpc_generator::Service *service,
+                                   grpc_go_generator::Parameters *parameters) {
+	grpc::string out;
+	auto p = file->CreatePrinter(&out);
+	auto printer = p.get();
+	std::map<grpc::string, grpc::string> vars;
+	vars["Package"] = parameters->package_name;
+	vars["grpc"] = "grpc";
+	vars["context"] = "context";
+	GenerateImports(file, printer, vars);
+	if (parameters->custom_method_io_type != "") {
+		vars["CustomMethodIO"] = parameters->custom_method_io_type;
+	}
+	GenerateService(service, printer, vars);
+	return out;
+}
+}// Namespace grpc_go_generator

grpc/src/compiler/go_generator.h

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef GRPC_INTERNAL_COMPILER_GO_GENERATOR_H
+#define GRPC_INTERNAL_COMPILER_GO_GENERATOR_H
+
+//go generator is used to generate GRPC code for serialization system, such as flatbuffers
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "src/compiler/schema_interface.h"
+
+namespace grpc_go_generator {
+
+struct Parameters {
+  //Defines the custom parameter types for methods
+  //eg: flatbuffers uses flatbuffers.Builder as input for the client and output for the server
+  grpc::string custom_method_io_type;
+
+  //Package name for the service
+  grpc::string package_name;
+};
+
+// Return the source of the generated service file.
+grpc::string GenerateServiceSource(grpc_generator::File *file,
+                                   const grpc_generator::Service *service,
+                                   grpc_go_generator::Parameters *parameters);
+
+}
+
+#endif  // GRPC_INTERNAL_COMPILER_GO_GENERATOR_H

grpc/src/compiler/schema_interface.h

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef GRPC_INTERNAL_COMPILER_SCHEMA_INTERFACE_H
+#define GRPC_INTERNAL_COMPILER_SCHEMA_INTERFACE_H
+
+#include "src/compiler/config.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#ifndef GRPC_CUSTOM_STRING
+#include <string>
+#define GRPC_CUSTOM_STRING std::string
+#endif
+
+namespace grpc {
+
+typedef GRPC_CUSTOM_STRING string;
+
+}  // namespace grpc
+
+namespace grpc_generator {
+
+// A common interface for objects having comments in the source.
+// Return formatted comments to be inserted in generated code.
+struct CommentHolder {
+  virtual ~CommentHolder() {}
+  virtual grpc::string GetLeadingComments(const grpc::string prefix) const = 0;
+  virtual grpc::string GetTrailingComments(const grpc::string prefix) const = 0;
+  virtual std::vector<grpc::string> GetAllComments() const = 0;
+};
+
+// An abstract interface representing a method.
+struct Method : public CommentHolder {
+  virtual ~Method() {}
+
+  virtual grpc::string name() const = 0;
+
+  virtual grpc::string input_type_name() const = 0;
+  virtual grpc::string output_type_name() const = 0;
+
+  virtual bool get_module_and_message_path_input(
+      grpc::string *str, grpc::string generator_file_name,
+      bool generate_in_pb2_grpc, grpc::string import_prefix) const = 0;
+  virtual bool get_module_and_message_path_output(
+      grpc::string *str, grpc::string generator_file_name,
+      bool generate_in_pb2_grpc, grpc::string import_prefix) const = 0;
+
+  virtual grpc::string get_input_type_name() const = 0;
+  virtual grpc::string get_output_type_name() const = 0;
+  virtual bool NoStreaming() const = 0;
+  virtual bool ClientStreaming() const = 0;
+  virtual bool ServerStreaming() const = 0;
+  virtual bool BidiStreaming() const = 0;
+};
+
+// An abstract interface representing a service.
+struct Service : public CommentHolder {
+  virtual ~Service() {}
+
+  virtual grpc::string name() const = 0;
+
+  virtual int method_count() const = 0;
+  virtual std::unique_ptr<const Method> method(int i) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct Printer {
+  virtual ~Printer() {}
+
+  virtual void Print(const std::map<grpc::string, grpc::string> &vars,
+                     const char *template_string) = 0;
+  virtual void Print(const char *string) = 0;
+  virtual void Indent() = 0;
+  virtual void Outdent() = 0;
+};
+
+// An interface that allows the source generated to be output using various
+// libraries/idls/serializers.
+struct File : public CommentHolder {
+  virtual ~File() {}
+
+  virtual grpc::string filename() const = 0;
+  virtual grpc::string filename_without_ext() const = 0;
+  virtual grpc::string package() const = 0;
+  virtual std::vector<grpc::string> package_parts() const = 0;
+  virtual grpc::string additional_headers() const = 0;
+
+  virtual int service_count() const = 0;
+  virtual std::unique_ptr<const Service> service(int i) const = 0;
+
+  virtual std::unique_ptr<Printer> CreatePrinter(grpc::string *str) const = 0;
+};
+}  // namespace grpc_generator
+
+#endif  // GRPC_INTERNAL_COMPILER_SCHEMA_INTERFACE_H

grpc/tests/go_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package testing
+
+import (
+	"../../tests/MyGame/Example"
+
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/context"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+)
+
+type server struct{}
+
+// test used to send and receive in grpc methods
+var test = "Flatbuffers"
+var addr = "0.0.0.0:50051"
+
+// gRPC server store method
+func (s *server) Store(context context.Context, in *Example.Monster) (*flatbuffers.Builder, error) {
+	b := flatbuffers.NewBuilder(0)
+	i := b.CreateString(test)
+	Example.StatStart(b)
+	Example.StatAddId(b, i)
+	b.Finish(Example.StatEnd(b))
+	return b, nil
+
+}
+
+// gRPC server retrieve method
+func (s *server) Retrieve(context context.Context, in *Example.Stat) (*flatbuffers.Builder, error) {
+	b := flatbuffers.NewBuilder(0)
+	i := b.CreateString(test)
+	Example.MonsterStart(b)
+	Example.MonsterAddName(b, i)
+	b.Finish(Example.MonsterEnd(b))
+	return b, nil
+}
+
+func StoreClient(c Example.MonsterStorageClient, t *testing.T) {
+	b := flatbuffers.NewBuilder(0)
+	i := b.CreateString(test)
+	Example.MonsterStart(b)
+	Example.MonsterAddName(b, i)
+	b.Finish(Example.MonsterEnd(b))
+	out, err := c.Store(context.Background(), b)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store client failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(out.Id()) != test {
+		t.Errorf("StoreClient failed: expected=%s, got=%s\n", test, out.Id())
+		t.Fail()
+	}
+}
+
+func RetrieveClient(c Example.MonsterStorageClient, t *testing.T) {
+	b := flatbuffers.NewBuilder(0)
+	i := b.CreateString(test)
+	Example.StatStart(b)
+	Example.StatAddId(b, i)
+	b.Finish(Example.StatEnd(b))
+	out, err := c.Retrieve(context.Background(), b)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Retrieve client failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(out.Name()) != test {
+		t.Errorf("RetrieveClient failed: expected=%s, got=%s\n", test, out.Name())
+		t.Fail()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGRPC(t *testing.T) {
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to listen: %v", err)
+	}
+	ser := grpc.NewServer(grpc.CustomCodec(flatbuffers.FlatbuffersCodec{}))
+	Example.RegisterMonsterStorageServer(ser, &server{})
+	go func() {
+		if err := ser.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Failed to serve: %v", err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+	}()
+	conn, err := grpc.Dial(addr, grpc.WithInsecure(), grpc.WithCodec(flatbuffers.FlatbuffersCodec{}))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to connect: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	client := Example.NewMonsterStorageClient(conn)
+	StoreClient(client, t)
+	RetrieveClient(client, t)
+}

grpc/tests/grpctest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <grpc++/grpc++.h>
+
+#include "monster_test_generated.h"
+#include "monster_test.grpc.fb.h"
+
+using namespace MyGame::Example;
+
+// The callback implementation of our server, that derives from the generated
+// code. It implements all rpcs specified in the FlatBuffers schema.
+class ServiceImpl final : public MyGame::Example::MonsterStorage::Service {
+  virtual ::grpc::Status Store(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                               const flatbuffers::grpc::Message<Monster> *request,
+                               flatbuffers::grpc::Message<Stat> *response)
+                               override {
+    // Create a response from the incoming request name.
+    fbb_.Clear();
+    auto stat_offset = CreateStat(fbb_, fbb_.CreateString("Hello, " +
+                                        request->GetRoot()->name()->str()));
+    fbb_.Finish(stat_offset);
+    // Transfer ownership of the message to gRPC
+    *response = fbb_.ReleaseMessage<Stat>();
+    return grpc::Status::OK;
+  }
+  virtual ::grpc::Status Retrieve(::grpc::ServerContext *context,
+                               const flatbuffers::grpc::Message<Stat> *request,
+                               ::grpc::ServerWriter< flatbuffers::grpc::Message<Monster>>* writer)
+                               override {
+
+    for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
+       fbb_.Clear();
+       // Create 10 monsters for resposne.
+       auto monster_offset =
+       CreateMonster(fbb_, 0, 0, 0, fbb_.CreateString(
+         request->GetRoot()->id()->str() + " No." + std::to_string(i)));
+       fbb_.Finish(monster_offset);
+
+       flatbuffers::grpc::Message<Monster> monster = fbb_.ReleaseMessage<Monster>();
+
+       // Send monster to client using streaming.
+       writer->Write(monster);
+     }
+     return grpc::Status::OK;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  flatbuffers::grpc::MessageBuilder fbb_;
+};
+
+// Track the server instance, so we can terminate it later.
+grpc::Server *server_instance = nullptr;
+// Mutex to protec this variable.
+std::mutex wait_for_server;
+std::condition_variable server_instance_cv;
+
+// This function implements the server thread.
+void RunServer() {
+  auto server_address = "0.0.0.0:50051";
+  // Callback interface we implemented above.
+  ServiceImpl service;
+  grpc::ServerBuilder builder;
+  builder.AddListeningPort(server_address, grpc::InsecureServerCredentials());
+  builder.RegisterService(&service);
+
+  // Start the server. Lock to change the variable we're changing.
+  wait_for_server.lock();
+  server_instance = builder.BuildAndStart().release();
+  wait_for_server.unlock();
+  server_instance_cv.notify_one();
+
+  std::cout << "Server listening on " << server_address << std::endl;
+  // This will block the thread and serve requests.
+  server_instance->Wait();
+}
+
+int main(int /*argc*/, const char * /*argv*/[]) {
+  // Launch server.
+  std::thread server_thread(RunServer);
+
+  // wait for server to spin up.
+  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(wait_for_server);
+  while (!server_instance) server_instance_cv.wait(lock);
+
+  // Now connect the client.
+  auto channel = grpc::CreateChannel("localhost:50051",
+                                     grpc::InsecureChannelCredentials());
+  auto stub = MyGame::Example::MonsterStorage::NewStub(channel);
+
+
+  flatbuffers::grpc::MessageBuilder fbb;
+  {
+    grpc::ClientContext context;
+    // Build a request with the name set.
+    auto monster_offset = CreateMonster(fbb, 0, 0, 0, fbb.CreateString("Fred"));
+    fbb.Finish(monster_offset);
+    auto request = fbb.ReleaseMessage<Monster>();
+    flatbuffers::grpc::Message<Stat> response;
+
+    // The actual RPC.
+    auto status = stub->Store(&context, request, &response);
+
+    if (status.ok()) {
+      auto resp = response.GetRoot()->id();
+      std::cout << "RPC response: " << resp->str() << std::endl;
+    } else {
+      std::cout << "RPC failed" << std::endl;
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    grpc::ClientContext context;
+    fbb.Clear();
+    auto stat_offset = CreateStat(fbb, fbb.CreateString("Fred"));
+    fbb.Finish(stat_offset);
+    auto request = fbb.ReleaseMessage<Stat>();
+
+    flatbuffers::grpc::Message<Monster> response;
+    auto stream = stub->Retrieve(&context, request);
+    while (stream->Read(&response)) {
+      auto resp = response.GetRoot()->name();
+      std::cout << "RPC Streaming response: " << resp->str() << std::endl;
+    }
+  }
+
+  #if !FLATBUFFERS_GRPC_DISABLE_AUTO_VERIFICATION
+  {
+    // Test that an invalid request errors out correctly
+    grpc::ClientContext context;
+    flatbuffers::grpc::Message<Monster> request;  // simulate invalid message
+    flatbuffers::grpc::Message<Stat> response;
+    auto status = stub->Store(&context, request, &response);
+    // The rpc status should be INTERNAL to indicate a verification error. This
+    // matches the protobuf gRPC status code for an unparseable message.
+    assert(!status.ok());
+    assert(status.error_code() == ::grpc::StatusCode::INTERNAL);
+    assert(strcmp(status.error_message().c_str(), "Message verification failed") == 0);
+  }
+  #endif
+
+  server_instance->Shutdown();
+
+  server_thread.join();
+
+  delete server_instance;
+
+  return 0;
+}

include/flatbuffers/base.h

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_BASE_H_
+#define FLATBUFFERS_BASE_H_
+
+#if defined(FLATBUFFERS_MEMORY_LEAK_TRACKING) && \
+    defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DEBUG)
+  #define _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC
+#endif
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#ifndef ARDUINO
+#include <cstdint>
+#endif
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#if defined(FLATBUFFERS_MEMORY_LEAK_TRACKING) && \
+    defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DEBUG)
+  #include <crtdbg.h>
+  #define DEBUG_NEW new(_NORMAL_BLOCK, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+  #define new DEBUG_NEW
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ARDUINO) && !defined(ARDUINOSTL_M_H)
+  #include <utility.h>
+#else
+  #include <utility>
+#endif
+
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+#include <set>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+
+#ifdef _STLPORT_VERSION
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL
+#endif
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL
+  #include <functional>
+#endif
+
+#include "flatbuffers/stl_emulation.h"
+
+/// @cond FLATBUFFERS_INTERNAL
+#if __cplusplus <= 199711L && \
+    (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER < 1600) && \
+    (!defined(__GNUC__) || \
+      (__GNUC__ * 10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ < 40400))
+  #error A C++11 compatible compiler with support for the auto typing is \
+         required for FlatBuffers.
+  #error __cplusplus _MSC_VER __GNUC__  __GNUC_MINOR__  __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(__clang__) && \
+    defined(__GNUC__) && \
+    (__GNUC__ * 10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ < 40600)
+  // Backwards compatability for g++ 4.4, and 4.5 which don't have the nullptr
+  // and constexpr keywords. Note the __clang__ check is needed, because clang
+  // presents itself as an older GNUC compiler.
+  #ifndef nullptr_t
+    const class nullptr_t {
+    public:
+      template<class T> inline operator T*() const { return 0; }
+    private:
+      void operator&() const;
+    } nullptr = {};
+  #endif
+  #ifndef constexpr
+    #define constexpr const
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+// The wire format uses a little endian encoding (since that's efficient for
+// the common platforms).
+#if defined(__s390x__)
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_LITTLEENDIAN 0
+#endif // __s390x__
+#if !defined(FLATBUFFERS_LITTLEENDIAN)
+  #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    #ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN__
+      #define FLATBUFFERS_LITTLEENDIAN 0
+    #else
+      #define FLATBUFFERS_LITTLEENDIAN 1
+    #endif // __BIG_ENDIAN__
+  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #if defined(_M_PPC)
+      #define FLATBUFFERS_LITTLEENDIAN 0
+    #else
+      #define FLATBUFFERS_LITTLEENDIAN 1
+    #endif
+  #else
+    #error Unable to determine endianness, define FLATBUFFERS_LITTLEENDIAN.
+  #endif
+#endif // !defined(FLATBUFFERS_LITTLEENDIAN)
+
+#define FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MAJOR 1
+#define FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MINOR 8
+#define FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_REVISION 0
+#define FLATBUFFERS_STRING_EXPAND(X) #X
+#define FLATBUFFERS_STRING(X) FLATBUFFERS_STRING_EXPAND(X)
+
+#if (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER > 1600) && \
+    (!defined(__GNUC__) || (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 407))
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS final
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_OVERRIDE override
+#else
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_OVERRIDE
+#endif
+
+#if (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900) && \
+    (!defined(__GNUC__) || (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 406))
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#else
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__) && __GNUC__ * 10 + __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 46 || \
+    defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && _MSC_FULL_VER >= 190023026
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#else
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT
+#endif
+
+// NOTE: the FLATBUFFERS_DELETE_FUNC macro may change the access mode to
+// private, so be sure to put it at the end or reset access mode explicitly.
+#if (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_FULL_VER >= 180020827) && \
+    (!defined(__GNUC__) || (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 404))
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_DELETE_FUNC(func) func = delete;
+#else
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_DELETE_FUNC(func) private: func;
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+  #pragma warning(push)
+  #pragma warning(disable: 4127) // C4127: conditional expression is constant
+#endif
+
+/// @endcond
+
+/// @file
+namespace flatbuffers {
+
+/// @cond FLATBUFFERS_INTERNAL
+// Our default offset / size type, 32bit on purpose on 64bit systems.
+// Also, using a consistent offset type maintains compatibility of serialized
+// offset values between 32bit and 64bit systems.
+typedef uint32_t uoffset_t;
+
+// Signed offsets for references that can go in both directions.
+typedef int32_t soffset_t;
+
+// Offset/index used in v-tables, can be changed to uint8_t in
+// format forks to save a bit of space if desired.
+typedef uint16_t voffset_t;
+
+typedef uintmax_t largest_scalar_t;
+
+// In 32bits, this evaluates to 2GB - 1
+#define FLATBUFFERS_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE ((1ULL << (sizeof(soffset_t) * 8 - 1)) - 1)
+
+// We support aligning the contents of buffers up to this size.
+#define FLATBUFFERS_MAX_ALIGNMENT 16
+
+template<typename T> T EndianSwap(T t) {
+  #if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #define FLATBUFFERS_BYTESWAP16 _byteswap_ushort
+    #define FLATBUFFERS_BYTESWAP32 _byteswap_ulong
+    #define FLATBUFFERS_BYTESWAP64 _byteswap_uint64
+  #else
+    #if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__ < 408 && !defined(__clang__)
+      // __builtin_bswap16 was missing prior to GCC 4.8.
+      #define FLATBUFFERS_BYTESWAP16(x) \
+        static_cast<uint16_t>(__builtin_bswap32(static_cast<uint32_t>(x) << 16))
+    #else
+      #define FLATBUFFERS_BYTESWAP16 __builtin_bswap16
+    #endif
+    #define FLATBUFFERS_BYTESWAP32 __builtin_bswap32
+    #define FLATBUFFERS_BYTESWAP64 __builtin_bswap64
+  #endif
+  if (sizeof(T) == 1) {   // Compile-time if-then's.
+    return t;
+  } else if (sizeof(T) == 2) {
+    union { T t; uint16_t i; } u;
+    u.t = t;
+    u.i = FLATBUFFERS_BYTESWAP16(u.i);
+    return u.t;
+  } else if (sizeof(T) == 4) {
+    union { T t; uint32_t i; } u;
+    u.t = t;
+    u.i = FLATBUFFERS_BYTESWAP32(u.i);
+    return u.t;
+  } else if (sizeof(T) == 8) {
+    union { T t; uint64_t i; } u;
+    u.t = t;
+    u.i = FLATBUFFERS_BYTESWAP64(u.i);
+    return u.t;
+  } else {
+    assert(0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+template<typename T> T EndianScalar(T t) {
+  #if FLATBUFFERS_LITTLEENDIAN
+    return t;
+  #else
+    return EndianSwap(t);
+  #endif
+}
+
+template<typename T> T ReadScalar(const void *p) {
+  return EndianScalar(*reinterpret_cast<const T *>(p));
+}
+
+template<typename T> void WriteScalar(void *p, T t) {
+  *reinterpret_cast<T *>(p) = EndianScalar(t);
+}
+
+// Computes how many bytes you'd have to pad to be able to write an
+// "scalar_size" scalar if the buffer had grown to "buf_size" (downwards in
+// memory).
+inline size_t PaddingBytes(size_t buf_size, size_t scalar_size) {
+  return ((~buf_size) + 1) & (scalar_size - 1);
+}
+
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+#endif  // FLATBUFFERS_BASE_H_

include/flatbuffers/code_generators.h

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_CODE_GENERATORS_H_
+#define FLATBUFFERS_CODE_GENERATORS_H_
+
+#include <map>
+#include <sstream>
+#include "flatbuffers/idl.h"
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+
+// Utility class to assist in generating code through use of text templates.
+//
+// Example code:
+//   CodeWriter code;
+//   code.SetValue("NAME", "Foo");
+//   code += "void {{NAME}}() { printf("%s", "{{NAME}}"); }";
+//   code.SetValue("NAME", "Bar");
+//   code += "void {{NAME}}() { printf("%s", "{{NAME}}"); }";
+//   std::cout << code.ToString() << std::endl;
+//
+// Output:
+//  void Foo() { printf("%s", "Foo"); }
+//  void Bar() { printf("%s", "Bar"); }
+class CodeWriter {
+ public:
+  CodeWriter() {}
+
+  // Clears the current "written" code.
+  void Clear() {
+    stream_.str("");
+    stream_.clear();
+  }
+
+  // Associates a key with a value.  All subsequent calls to operator+=, where
+  // the specified key is contained in {{ and }} delimiters will be replaced by
+  // the given value.
+  void SetValue(const std::string& key, const std::string& value) {
+    value_map_[key] = value;
+  }
+
+  // Appends the given text to the generated code as well as a newline
+  // character.  Any text within {{ and }} delimeters is replaced by values
+  // previously stored in the CodeWriter by calling SetValue above.  The newline
+  // will be suppressed if the text ends with the \\ character.
+  void operator+=(std::string text);
+
+  // Returns the current contents of the CodeWriter as a std::string.
+  std::string ToString() const { return stream_.str(); }
+
+ private:
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> value_map_;
+  std::stringstream stream_;
+};
+
+class BaseGenerator {
+ public:
+  virtual bool generate() = 0;
+
+  static std::string NamespaceDir(const Parser &parser,
+                                  const std::string &path,
+                                  const Namespace &ns);
+
+ protected:
+  BaseGenerator(const Parser &parser, const std::string &path,
+                const std::string &file_name,
+                const std::string qualifying_start,
+                const std::string qualifying_separator)
+      : parser_(parser),
+        path_(path),
+        file_name_(file_name),
+        qualifying_start_(qualifying_start),
+        qualifying_separator_(qualifying_separator) {}
+  virtual ~BaseGenerator() {}
+
+  // No copy/assign.
+  BaseGenerator &operator=(const BaseGenerator &);
+  BaseGenerator(const BaseGenerator &);
+
+  std::string NamespaceDir(const Namespace &ns) const;
+
+  static const char *FlatBuffersGeneratedWarning();
+
+  static std::string FullNamespace(const char *separator, const Namespace &ns);
+
+  static std::string LastNamespacePart(const Namespace &ns);
+
+  // tracks the current namespace for early exit in WrapInNameSpace
+  // c++, java and csharp returns a different namespace from
+  // the following default (no early exit, always fully qualify),
+  // which works for js and php
+  virtual const Namespace *CurrentNameSpace() const { return nullptr; }
+
+  // Ensure that a type is prefixed with its namespace whenever it is used
+  // outside of its namespace.
+  std::string WrapInNameSpace(const Namespace *ns,
+                              const std::string &name) const;
+
+  std::string WrapInNameSpace(const Definition &def) const;
+
+  std::string GetNameSpace(const Definition &def) const;
+
+  const Parser &parser_;
+  const std::string &path_;
+  const std::string &file_name_;
+  const std::string qualifying_start_;
+  const std::string qualifying_separator_;
+};
+
+struct CommentConfig {
+  const char *first_line;
+  const char *content_line_prefix;
+  const char *last_line;
+};
+
+extern void GenComment(const std::vector<std::string> &dc,
+                       std::string *code_ptr,
+                       const CommentConfig *config,
+                       const char *prefix = "");
+
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+#endif  // FLATBUFFERS_CODE_GENERATORS_H_

include/flatbuffers/flatc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h"
+#include "flatbuffers/idl.h"
+#include "flatbuffers/util.h"
+#include <functional>
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#ifndef FLATC_H_
+#define FLATC_H_
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+
+class FlatCompiler {
+ public:
+  // Output generator for the various programming languages and formats we
+  // support.
+  struct Generator {
+    typedef bool (*GenerateFn)(const flatbuffers::Parser &parser,
+                               const std::string &path,
+                               const std::string &file_name);
+    typedef std::string (*MakeRuleFn)(const flatbuffers::Parser &parser,
+                                      const std::string &path,
+                                      const std::string &file_name);
+
+    GenerateFn generate;
+    const char *generator_opt_short;
+    const char *generator_opt_long;
+    const char *lang_name;
+    bool schema_only;
+    GenerateFn generateGRPC;
+    flatbuffers::IDLOptions::Language lang;
+    const char *generator_help;
+    MakeRuleFn make_rule;
+  };
+
+  typedef void (*WarnFn)(const FlatCompiler *flatc,
+                         const std::string &warn,
+                         bool show_exe_name);
+
+  typedef void (*ErrorFn)(const FlatCompiler *flatc,
+                          const std::string &err,
+                          bool usage, bool show_exe_name);
+
+  // Parameters required to initialize the FlatCompiler.
+  struct InitParams {
+    InitParams()
+        : generators(nullptr),
+          num_generators(0),
+          warn_fn(nullptr),
+          error_fn(nullptr) {}
+
+    const Generator* generators;
+    size_t num_generators;
+    WarnFn warn_fn;
+    ErrorFn error_fn;
+  };
+
+  explicit FlatCompiler(const InitParams& params) : params_(params) {}
+
+  int Compile(int argc, const char** argv);
+
+  std::string GetUsageString(const char* program_name) const;
+
+ private:
+  void ParseFile(flatbuffers::Parser &parser,
+                 const std::string &filename,
+                 const std::string &contents,
+                 std::vector<const char *> &include_directories) const;
+
+  void Warn(const std::string &warn, bool show_exe_name = true) const;
+
+  void Error(const std::string &err, bool usage = true,
+             bool show_exe_name = true) const;
+
+  InitParams params_;
+};
+
+
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+#endif  // FLATC_H_

include/flatbuffers/grpc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_GRPC_H_
+#define FLATBUFFERS_GRPC_H_
+
+// Helper functionality to glue FlatBuffers and GRPC.
+
+#include "flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h"
+#include "grpc++/support/byte_buffer.h"
+#include "grpc/byte_buffer_reader.h"
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+namespace grpc {
+
+// Message is a typed wrapper around a buffer that manages the underlying
+// `grpc_slice` and also provides flatbuffers-specific helpers such as `Verify`
+// and `GetRoot`. Since it is backed by a `grpc_slice`, the underlying buffer
+// is refcounted and ownership is be managed automatically.
+template <class T>
+class Message {
+ public:
+  Message() : slice_(grpc_empty_slice()) {}
+
+  Message(grpc_slice slice, bool add_ref)
+    : slice_(add_ref ? grpc_slice_ref(slice) : slice) {}
+
+  Message &operator=(const Message &other) = delete;
+
+  Message(Message &&other) : slice_(other.slice_) {
+    other.slice_ = grpc_empty_slice();
+  }
+
+  Message(const Message &other) = delete;
+
+  Message &operator=(Message &&other) {
+    grpc_slice_unref(slice_);
+    slice_ = other.slice_;
+    other.slice_ = grpc_empty_slice();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  ~Message() { grpc_slice_unref(slice_); }
+
+  const uint8_t *mutable_data() const { return GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(slice_); }
+
+  const uint8_t *data() const { return GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(slice_); }
+
+  size_t size() const { return GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice_); }
+
+  bool Verify() const {
+    Verifier verifier(data(), size());
+    return verifier.VerifyBuffer<T>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  T *GetMutableRoot() { return flatbuffers::GetMutableRoot<T>(mutable_data()); }
+
+  const T *GetRoot() const { return flatbuffers::GetRoot<T>(data()); }
+
+  // This is only intended for serializer use, or if you know what you're doing
+  const grpc_slice &BorrowSlice() const { return slice_; }
+
+ private:
+  grpc_slice slice_;
+};
+
+class MessageBuilder;
+
+// SliceAllocator is a gRPC-specific allocator that uses the `grpc_slice`
+// refcounted slices to manage memory ownership. This makes it easy and
+// efficient to transfer buffers to gRPC.
+class SliceAllocator : public Allocator {
+ public:
+  SliceAllocator() : slice_(grpc_empty_slice()) {}
+
+  SliceAllocator(const SliceAllocator &other) = delete;
+  SliceAllocator &operator=(const SliceAllocator &other) = delete;
+
+  virtual ~SliceAllocator() { grpc_slice_unref(slice_); }
+
+  virtual uint8_t *allocate(size_t size) override {
+    assert(GRPC_SLICE_IS_EMPTY(slice_));
+    slice_ = grpc_slice_malloc(size);
+    return GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(slice_);
+  }
+
+  virtual void deallocate(uint8_t *p, size_t size) override {
+    assert(p == GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(slice_));
+    assert(size == GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice_));
+    grpc_slice_unref(slice_);
+    slice_ = grpc_empty_slice();
+  }
+
+  virtual uint8_t *reallocate_downward(uint8_t *old_p, size_t old_size,
+                                       size_t new_size) override {
+    assert(old_p == GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(slice_));
+    assert(old_size == GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice_));
+    assert(new_size > old_size);
+    grpc_slice old_slice = slice_;
+    grpc_slice new_slice = grpc_slice_malloc(new_size);
+    uint8_t *new_p = GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(new_slice);
+    memcpy(new_p + (new_size - old_size), old_p, old_size);
+    slice_ = new_slice;
+    grpc_slice_unref(old_slice);
+    return new_p;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  grpc_slice &get_slice(uint8_t *p, size_t size) {
+    assert(p == GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(slice_));
+    assert(size == GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice_));
+    return slice_;
+  }
+
+  grpc_slice slice_;
+
+  friend class MessageBuilder;
+};
+
+// SliceAllocatorMember is a hack to ensure that the MessageBuilder's
+// slice_allocator_ member is constructed before the FlatBufferBuilder, since
+// the allocator is used in the FlatBufferBuilder ctor.
+namespace detail {
+struct SliceAllocatorMember {
+  SliceAllocator slice_allocator_;
+};
+}
+
+// MessageBuilder is a gRPC-specific FlatBufferBuilder that uses SliceAllocator
+// to allocate gRPC buffers.
+class MessageBuilder : private detail::SliceAllocatorMember,
+                       public FlatBufferBuilder {
+ public:
+  explicit MessageBuilder(uoffset_t initial_size = 1024)
+    : FlatBufferBuilder(initial_size, &slice_allocator_, false) {}
+
+  MessageBuilder(const MessageBuilder &other) = delete;
+  MessageBuilder &operator=(const MessageBuilder &other) = delete;
+
+  ~MessageBuilder() {}
+
+  // GetMessage extracts the subslice of the buffer corresponding to the
+  // flatbuffers-encoded region and wraps it in a `Message<T>` to handle buffer
+  // ownership.
+  template <class T>
+  Message<T> GetMessage() {
+    auto buf_data = buf_.buf();       // pointer to memory
+    auto buf_size = buf_.capacity();  // size of memory
+    auto msg_data = buf_.data();      // pointer to msg
+    auto msg_size = buf_.size();      // size of msg
+    // Do some sanity checks on data/size
+    assert(msg_data);
+    assert(msg_size);
+    assert(msg_data >= buf_data);
+    assert(msg_data + msg_size <= buf_data + buf_size);
+    // Calculate offsets from the buffer start
+    auto begin = msg_data - buf_data;
+    auto end = begin + msg_size;
+    // Get the slice we are working with (no refcount change)
+    grpc_slice slice = slice_allocator_.get_slice(buf_data, buf_size);
+    // Extract a subslice of the existing slice (increment refcount)
+    grpc_slice subslice = grpc_slice_sub(slice, begin, end);
+    // Wrap the subslice in a `Message<T>`, but don't increment refcount
+    Message<T> msg(subslice, false);
+    return msg;
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  Message<T> ReleaseMessage() {
+    Message<T> msg = GetMessage<T>();
+    Reset();
+    return msg;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // SliceAllocator slice_allocator_;  // part of SliceAllocatorMember
+};
+
+}  // namespace grpc
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+namespace grpc {
+
+template <class T>
+class SerializationTraits<flatbuffers::grpc::Message<T>> {
+ public:
+  static grpc::Status Serialize(const flatbuffers::grpc::Message<T> &msg,
+                                grpc_byte_buffer **buffer, bool *own_buffer) {
+    // We are passed in a `Message<T>`, which is a wrapper around a
+    // `grpc_slice`. We extract it here using `BorrowSlice()`. The const cast
+    // is necesary because the `grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create` func expects
+    // non-const slices in order to increment their refcounts.
+    grpc_slice *slice = const_cast<grpc_slice *>(&msg.BorrowSlice());
+    // Now use `grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create` to package the single slice into a
+    // `grpc_byte_buffer`, incrementing the refcount in the process.
+    *buffer = grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(slice, 1);
+    *own_buffer = true;
+    return grpc::Status::OK;
+  }
+
+  // Deserialize by pulling the
+  static grpc::Status Deserialize(grpc_byte_buffer *buffer,
+                                  flatbuffers::grpc::Message<T> *msg) {
+    if (!buffer) {
+      return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::INTERNAL, "No payload");
+    }
+    // Check if this is a single uncompressed slice.
+    if ((buffer->type == GRPC_BB_RAW) &&
+        (buffer->data.raw.compression == GRPC_COMPRESS_NONE) &&
+        (buffer->data.raw.slice_buffer.count == 1)) {
+      // If it is, then we can reference the `grpc_slice` directly.
+      grpc_slice slice = buffer->data.raw.slice_buffer.slices[0];
+      // We wrap a `Message<T>` around the slice, incrementing the refcount.
+      *msg = flatbuffers::grpc::Message<T>(slice, true);
+    } else {
+      // Otherwise, we need to use `grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall` to read
+      // `buffer` into a single contiguous `grpc_slice`. The gRPC reader gives
+      // us back a new slice with the refcount already incremented.
+      grpc_byte_buffer_reader reader;
+      grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(&reader, buffer);
+      grpc_slice slice = grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall(&reader);
+      grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy(&reader);
+      // We wrap a `Message<T>` around the slice, but dont increment refcount
+      *msg = flatbuffers::grpc::Message<T>(slice, false);
+    }
+    grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(buffer);
+    #if FLATBUFFERS_GRPC_DISABLE_AUTO_VERIFICATION
+    return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+    #else
+    if (msg->Verify()) {
+      return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+    } else {
+      return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::INTERNAL,
+                            "Message verification failed");
+    }
+    #endif
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace grpc;
+
+#endif  // FLATBUFFERS_GRPC_H_

include/flatbuffers/idl.h

@@ -18,14 +18,18 @@
 #define FLATBUFFERS_IDL_H_
 
 #include <map>
-#include <set>
 #include <stack>
 #include <memory>
-#include <functional>
 
+#include "flatbuffers/base.h"
 #include "flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h"
 #include "flatbuffers/hash.h"
 #include "flatbuffers/reflection.h"
+#include "flatbuffers/flexbuffers.h"
+
+#if !defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
+  #include <functional>
+#endif  // !defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
 
 // This file defines the data types representing a parsed IDL (Interface
 // Definition Language) / schema file.
@@ -103,6 +107,9 @@ inline bool IsInteger(BaseType t) { return t >= BASE_TYPE_UTYPE &&
                                            t <= BASE_TYPE_ULONG; }
 inline bool IsFloat  (BaseType t) { return t == BASE_TYPE_FLOAT ||
                                            t == BASE_TYPE_DOUBLE; }
+inline bool IsLong   (BaseType t) { return t == BASE_TYPE_LONG ||
+                                           t == BASE_TYPE_ULONG; }
+inline bool IsBool   (BaseType t) { return t == BASE_TYPE_BOOL; }
 
 extern const char *const kTypeNames[];
 extern const char kTypeSizes[];
@@ -113,6 +120,7 @@ inline size_t SizeOf(BaseType t) {
 
 struct StructDef;
 struct EnumDef;
+class Parser;
 
 // Represents any type in the IDL, which is a combination of the BaseType
 // and additional information for vectors/structs_.
@@ -161,7 +169,7 @@ template<typename T> class SymbolTable {
   }
 
   bool Add(const std::string &name, T *e) {
-    vec.emplace_back(e);
+    vector_emplace_back(&vec, e);
     auto it = dict.find(name);
     if (it != dict.end()) return true;
     dict[name] = e;
@@ -184,16 +192,15 @@ template<typename T> class SymbolTable {
     return it == dict.end() ? nullptr : it->second;
   }
 
- private:
-  std::map<std::string, T *> dict;      // quick lookup
-
  public:
+  std::map<std::string, T *> dict;      // quick lookup
   std::vector<T *> vec;  // Used to iterate in order of insertion
 };
 
 // A name space, as set in the schema.
 struct Namespace {
-  std::vector<std::string> components;
+  Namespace() : from_table(0) {}
+
 
   // Given a (potentally unqualified) name, return the "fully qualified" name
   // which has a full namespaced descriptor.
@@ -201,12 +208,20 @@ struct Namespace {
   // the current namespace has.
   std::string GetFullyQualifiedName(const std::string &name,
                                     size_t max_components = 1000) const;
+
+  std::vector<std::string> components;
+  size_t from_table;  // Part of the namespace corresponds to a message/table.
 };
 
 // Base class for all definition types (fields, structs_, enums_).
 struct Definition {
   Definition() : generated(false), defined_namespace(nullptr),
-                 serialized_location(0), index(-1) {}
+                 serialized_location(0), index(-1), refcount(1) {}
+
+  flatbuffers::Offset<flatbuffers::Vector<flatbuffers::Offset<
+    reflection::KeyValue>>>
+      SerializeAttributes(FlatBufferBuilder *builder,
+                          const Parser &parser) const;
 
   std::string name;
   std::string file;
@@ -218,19 +233,26 @@ struct Definition {
   // For use with Serialize()
   uoffset_t serialized_location;
   int index;  // Inside the vector it is stored.
+  int refcount;
 };
 
 struct FieldDef : public Definition {
-  FieldDef() : deprecated(false), required(false), key(false), padding(0) {}
+  FieldDef() : deprecated(false), required(false), key(false),
+               native_inline(false), flexbuffer(false), nested_flatbuffer(NULL),
+               padding(0) {}
 
-  Offset<reflection::Field> Serialize(FlatBufferBuilder *builder, uint16_t id)
+  Offset<reflection::Field> Serialize(FlatBufferBuilder *builder, uint16_t id,
-                                                                          const;
+                                      const Parser &parser) const;
 
   Value value;
-  bool deprecated; // Field is allowed to be present in old data, but can't be
+  bool deprecated; // Field is allowed to be present in old data, but can't be.
                    // written in new data nor accessed in new code.
   bool required;   // Field must always be present.
   bool key;        // Field functions as a key for creating sorted vectors.
+  bool native_inline;  // Field will be defined inline (instead of as a pointer)
+                       // for native tables if field is a struct.
+  bool flexbuffer; // This field contains FlexBuffer data.
+  StructDef *nested_flatbuffer; // This field contains nested FlatBuffer data.
   size_t padding;  // Bytes to always pad after this field.
 };
 
@@ -250,15 +272,19 @@ struct StructDef : public Definition {
     if (fields.vec.size()) fields.vec.back()->padding = padding;
   }
 
-  Offset<reflection::Object> Serialize(FlatBufferBuilder *builder) const;
+  Offset<reflection::Object> Serialize(FlatBufferBuilder *builder,
+                                       const Parser &parser) const;
 
   SymbolTable<FieldDef> fields;
+
   bool fixed;       // If it's struct, not a table.
   bool predecl;     // If it's used before it was defined.
   bool sortbysize;  // Whether fields come in the declaration or size order.
   bool has_key;     // It has a key field.
   size_t minalign;  // What the whole object needs to be aligned to.
   size_t bytesize;  // Size if fixed.
+
+  flatbuffers::unique_ptr<std::string> original_location;
 };
 
 inline bool IsStruct(const Type &type) {
@@ -275,18 +301,18 @@ inline size_t InlineAlignment(const Type &type) {
 
 struct EnumVal {
   EnumVal(const std::string &_name, int64_t _val)
-    : name(_name), value(_val), struct_def(nullptr) {}
+    : name(_name), value(_val) {}
 
   Offset<reflection::EnumVal> Serialize(FlatBufferBuilder *builder) const;
 
   std::string name;
   std::vector<std::string> doc_comment;
   int64_t value;
-  StructDef *struct_def;  // only set if this is a union
+  Type union_type;
 };
 
 struct EnumDef : public Definition {
-  EnumDef() : is_union(false) {}
+  EnumDef() : is_union(false), uses_type_aliases(false) {}
 
   EnumVal *ReverseLookup(int enum_idx, bool skip_union_default = true) {
     for (auto it = vals.vec.begin() + static_cast<int>(is_union &&
@@ -299,17 +325,38 @@ struct EnumDef : public Definition {
     return nullptr;
   }
 
-  Offset<reflection::Enum> Serialize(FlatBufferBuilder *builder) const;
+  Offset<reflection::Enum> Serialize(FlatBufferBuilder *builder,
+                                     const Parser &parser) const;
 
   SymbolTable<EnumVal> vals;
   bool is_union;
+  bool uses_type_aliases;
   Type underlying_type;
 };
 
+inline bool EqualByName(const Type &a, const Type &b) {
+  return a.base_type == b.base_type && a.element == b.element &&
+         (a.struct_def == b.struct_def ||
+          a.struct_def->name == b.struct_def->name) &&
+         (a.enum_def == b.enum_def ||
+          a.enum_def->name == b.enum_def->name);
+}
+
+struct RPCCall {
+  std::string name;
+  SymbolTable<Value> attributes;
+  StructDef *request, *response;
+};
+
+struct ServiceDef : public Definition {
+  SymbolTable<RPCCall> calls;
+};
+
 // Container of options that may apply to any of the source/text generators.
 struct IDLOptions {
   bool strict_json;
   bool skip_js_exports;
+  bool use_goog_js_export_format;
   bool output_default_scalars_in_json;
   int indent_step;
   bool output_enum_identifiers;
@@ -321,15 +368,54 @@ struct IDLOptions {
   bool proto_mode;
   bool generate_all;
   bool skip_unexpected_fields_in_json;
+  bool generate_name_strings;
+  bool generate_object_based_api;
+  std::string cpp_object_api_pointer_type;
+  std::string cpp_object_api_string_type;
+  bool gen_nullable;
+  std::string object_prefix;
+  std::string object_suffix;
+  bool union_value_namespacing;
+  bool allow_non_utf8;
+  std::string include_prefix;
+  bool keep_include_path;
+  bool binary_schema_comments;
+  bool skip_flatbuffers_import;
+  std::string go_import;
+  std::string go_namespace;
+  bool reexport_ts_modules;
+  bool protobuf_ascii_alike;
 
   // Possible options for the more general generator below.
-  enum Language { kJava, kCSharp, kGo, kMAX };
+  enum Language {
+    kJava   = 1 << 0,
+    kCSharp = 1 << 1,
+    kGo     = 1 << 2,
+    kCpp    = 1 << 3,
+    kJs     = 1 << 4,
+    kPython = 1 << 5,
+    kPhp    = 1 << 6,
+    kJson   = 1 << 7,
+    kBinary = 1 << 8,
+    kTs     = 1 << 9,
+    kJsonSchema = 1 << 10,
+    kMAX
+  };
 
   Language lang;
 
+  enum MiniReflect { kNone, kTypes, kTypesAndNames };
+
+  MiniReflect mini_reflect;
+
+  // The corresponding language bit will be set if a language is included
+  // for code generation.
+  unsigned long lang_to_generate;
+
   IDLOptions()
     : strict_json(false),
       skip_js_exports(false),
+      use_goog_js_export_format(false),
       output_default_scalars_in_json(false),
       indent_step(2),
       output_enum_identifiers(true), prefixed_enums(true), scoped_enums(false),
@@ -339,7 +425,34 @@ struct IDLOptions {
       proto_mode(false),
       generate_all(false),
       skip_unexpected_fields_in_json(false),
-      lang(IDLOptions::kJava) {}
+      generate_name_strings(false),
+      generate_object_based_api(false),
+      cpp_object_api_pointer_type("std::unique_ptr"),
+      gen_nullable(false),
+      object_suffix("T"),
+      union_value_namespacing(true),
+      allow_non_utf8(false),
+      keep_include_path(false),
+      binary_schema_comments(false),
+      skip_flatbuffers_import(false),
+      reexport_ts_modules(true),
+      protobuf_ascii_alike(false),
+      lang(IDLOptions::kJava),
+      mini_reflect(IDLOptions::kNone),
+      lang_to_generate(0) {}
+};
+
+// This encapsulates where the parser is in the current source file.
+struct ParserState {
+  ParserState() : cursor_(nullptr), line_(1), token_(-1) {}
+
+ protected:
+  const char *cursor_;
+  int line_;  // the current line being parsed
+  int token_;
+
+  std::string attribute_;
+  std::vector<std::string> doc_comment_;
 };
 
 // A way to make error propagation less error prone by requiring values to be
@@ -383,27 +496,39 @@ class CheckedError {
 #define FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR CheckedError
 #endif
 
-class Parser {
+class Parser : public ParserState {
  public:
   explicit Parser(const IDLOptions &options = IDLOptions())
-    : root_struct_def_(nullptr),
+    : current_namespace_(nullptr),
+      empty_namespace_(nullptr),
+      root_struct_def_(nullptr),
       opts(options),
+      uses_flexbuffers_(false),
       source_(nullptr),
-      cursor_(nullptr),
-      line_(1),
       anonymous_counter(0) {
-    // Just in case none are declared:
+    // Start out with the empty namespace being current.
-    namespaces_.push_back(new Namespace());
+    empty_namespace_ = new Namespace();
-    known_attributes_.insert("deprecated");
+    namespaces_.push_back(empty_namespace_);
-    known_attributes_.insert("required");
+    current_namespace_ = empty_namespace_;
-    known_attributes_.insert("key");
+    known_attributes_["deprecated"] = true;
-    known_attributes_.insert("hash");
+    known_attributes_["required"] = true;
-    known_attributes_.insert("id");
+    known_attributes_["key"] = true;
-    known_attributes_.insert("force_align");
+    known_attributes_["hash"] = true;
-    known_attributes_.insert("bit_flags");
+    known_attributes_["id"] = true;
-    known_attributes_.insert("original_order");
+    known_attributes_["force_align"] = true;
-    known_attributes_.insert("nested_flatbuffer");
+    known_attributes_["bit_flags"] = true;
-    known_attributes_.insert("csharp_partial");
+    known_attributes_["original_order"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["nested_flatbuffer"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["csharp_partial"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["streaming"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["idempotent"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["cpp_type"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["cpp_ptr_type"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["cpp_str_type"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["native_inline"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["native_type"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["native_default"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["flexbuffer"] = true;
   }
 
   ~Parser() {
@@ -421,6 +546,8 @@ class Parser {
   // directory.
   // If the source was loaded from a file and isn't an include file,
   // supply its name in source_filename.
+  // All paths specified in this call must be in posix format, if you accept
+  // paths from user input, please call PosixPath on them first.
   bool Parse(const char *_source, const char **include_paths = nullptr,
              const char *source_filename = nullptr);
 
@@ -439,14 +566,28 @@ class Parser {
   // See reflection/reflection.fbs
   void Serialize();
 
-  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR CheckBitsFit(int64_t val, size_t bits);
+  // Checks that the schema represented by this parser is a safe evolution
+  // of the schema provided. Returns non-empty error on any problems.
+  std::string ConformTo(const Parser &base);
+
+  // Similar to Parse(), but now only accepts JSON to be parsed into a
+  // FlexBuffer.
+  bool ParseFlexBuffer(const char *source, const char *source_filename,
+                       flexbuffers::Builder *builder);
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR CheckInRange(int64_t val, int64_t min, int64_t max);
+
+  StructDef *LookupStruct(const std::string &id) const;
 
 private:
+  void Message(const std::string &msg);
+  void Warning(const std::string &msg);
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR Error(const std::string &msg);
-  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseHexNum(int nibbles, int64_t *val);
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseHexNum(int nibbles, uint64_t *val);
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR Next();
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR SkipByteOrderMark();
   bool Is(int t);
+  bool IsIdent(const char *id);
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR Expect(int t);
   std::string TokenToStringId(int t);
   EnumDef *LookupEnum(const std::string &id);
@@ -458,19 +599,48 @@ private:
                                      const std::string &name, const Type &type,
                                      FieldDef **dest);
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseField(StructDef &struct_def);
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseString(Value &val);
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseComma();
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseAnyValue(Value &val, FieldDef *field,
-                                          size_t parent_fieldn);
+                                          size_t parent_fieldn,
+                                          const StructDef *parent_struct_def);
+  #if defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
+    typedef CheckedError (*ParseTableDelimitersBody)(
+        const std::string &name, size_t &fieldn, const StructDef *struct_def,
+        void *state);
+  #else
+    typedef std::function<CheckedError(const std::string&, size_t&,
+                                       const StructDef*, void*)>
+            ParseTableDelimitersBody;
+  #endif  // defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseTableDelimiters(size_t &fieldn,
+                                                 const StructDef *struct_def,
+                                                 ParseTableDelimitersBody body,
+                                                 void *state);
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseTable(const StructDef &struct_def,
                                        std::string *value, uoffset_t *ovalue);
   void SerializeStruct(const StructDef &struct_def, const Value &val);
   void AddVector(bool sortbysize, int count);
+  #if defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
+    typedef CheckedError (*ParseVectorDelimitersBody)(size_t &count,
+                                                      void *state);
+  #else
+    typedef std::function<CheckedError(size_t&, void*)>
+            ParseVectorDelimitersBody;
+  #endif  // defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseVectorDelimiters(
+      size_t &count, ParseVectorDelimitersBody body, void *state);
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseVector(const Type &type, uoffset_t *ovalue);
-  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseMetaData(Definition &def);
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseNestedFlatbuffer(Value &val, FieldDef *field,
+                                                  size_t fieldn,
+                                                  const StructDef *parent_struct_def);
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseMetaData(SymbolTable<Value> *attributes);
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR TryTypedValue(int dtoken, bool check, Value &e,
                                           BaseType req, bool *destmatch);
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseHash(Value &e, FieldDef* field);
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR TokenError();
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseSingleValue(Value &e);
-  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseIntegerFromString(Type &type, int64_t *result);
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseEnumFromString(Type &type, int64_t *result);
   StructDef *LookupCreateStruct(const std::string &name,
                                 bool create_if_new = true,
                                 bool definition = false);
@@ -479,6 +649,7 @@ private:
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR StartStruct(const std::string &name,
                                         StructDef **dest);
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseDecl();
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseService();
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseProtoFields(StructDef *struct_def,
                                              bool isextend, bool inside_oneof);
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseProtoOption();
@@ -487,21 +658,32 @@ private:
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseProtoCurliesOrIdent();
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseTypeFromProtoType(Type *type);
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR SkipAnyJsonValue();
-  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR SkipJsonObject();
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseFlexBufferValue(flexbuffers::Builder *builder);
-  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR SkipJsonArray();
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR StartParseFile(const char *source,
-  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR SkipJsonString();
+                                           const char *source_filename);
-  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR DoParse(const char *_source,
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR ParseRoot(const char *_source,
                                     const char **include_paths,
                                     const char *source_filename);
+  FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR DoParse(const char *_source,
+                                           const char **include_paths,
+                                           const char *source_filename,
+                                           const char *include_filename);
   FLATBUFFERS_CHECKED_ERROR CheckClash(std::vector<FieldDef*> &fields,
                                        StructDef *struct_def,
                                        const char *suffix,
                                        BaseType baseType);
 
+  bool SupportsVectorOfUnions() const;
+  Namespace *UniqueNamespace(Namespace *ns);
+
  public:
+  SymbolTable<Type> types_;
   SymbolTable<StructDef> structs_;
   SymbolTable<EnumDef> enums_;
+  SymbolTable<ServiceDef> services_;
   std::vector<Namespace *> namespaces_;
+  Namespace *current_namespace_;
+  Namespace *empty_namespace_;
   std::string error_;         // User readable error_ if Parse() == false
 
   FlatBufferBuilder builder_;  // any data contained in the file
@@ -509,24 +691,22 @@ private:
   std::string file_identifier_;
   std::string file_extension_;
 
-  std::map<std::string, bool> included_files_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> included_files_;
   std::map<std::string, std::set<std::string>> files_included_per_file_;
+  std::vector<std::string> native_included_files_;
+
+  std::map<std::string, bool> known_attributes_;
 
   IDLOptions opts;
+  bool uses_flexbuffers_;
 
  private:
-  const char *source_, *cursor_;
+  const char *source_;
-  int line_;  // the current line being parsed
+
-  int token_;
   std::string file_being_parsed_;
 
-  std::string attribute_;
-  std::vector<std::string> doc_comment_;
-
   std::vector<std::pair<Value, FieldDef *>> field_stack_;
 
-  std::set<std::string> known_attributes_;
-
   int anonymous_counter;
 };
 
@@ -534,20 +714,15 @@ private:
 
 extern std::string MakeCamel(const std::string &in, bool first = true);
 
-struct CommentConfig;
-
-extern void GenComment(const std::vector<std::string> &dc,
-                       std::string *code_ptr,
-                       const CommentConfig *config,
-                       const char *prefix = "");
-
 // Generate text (JSON) from a given FlatBuffer, and a given Parser
 // object that has been populated with the corresponding schema.
 // If ident_step is 0, no indentation will be generated. Additionally,
 // if it is less than 0, no linefeeds will be generated either.
 // See idl_gen_text.cpp.
 // strict_json adds "quotes" around field names if true.
-extern void GenerateText(const Parser &parser,
+// If the flatbuffer cannot be encoded in JSON (e.g., it contains non-UTF-8
+// byte arrays in String values), returns false.
+extern bool GenerateText(const Parser &parser,
                          const void *flatbuffer,
                          std::string *text);
 extern bool GenerateTextFile(const Parser &parser,
@@ -569,7 +744,7 @@ extern bool GenerateCPP(const Parser &parser,
                         const std::string &path,
                         const std::string &file_name);
 
-// Generate JavaScript code from the definitions in the Parser object.
+// Generate JavaScript or TypeScript code from the definitions in the Parser object.
 // See idl_gen_js.
 extern std::string GenerateJS(const Parser &parser);
 extern bool GenerateJS(const Parser &parser,
@@ -591,8 +766,8 @@ extern bool GenerateJava(const Parser &parser,
 // Generate Php code from the definitions in the Parser object.
 // See idl_gen_php.
 extern bool GeneratePhp(const Parser &parser,
-       const std::string &path,
+                        const std::string &path,
-       const std::string &file_name);
+                        const std::string &file_name);
 
 // Generate Python files from the definitions in the Parser object.
 // See idl_gen_python.cpp.
@@ -600,6 +775,12 @@ extern bool GeneratePython(const Parser &parser,
                            const std::string &path,
                            const std::string &file_name);
 
+// Generate Json schema file
+// See idl_gen_json_schema.cpp.
+extern bool GenerateJsonSchema(const Parser &parser,
+                           const std::string &path,
+                           const std::string &file_name);
+
 // Generate C# files from the definitions in the Parser object.
 // See idl_gen_csharp.cpp.
 extern bool GenerateCSharp(const Parser &parser,
@@ -620,7 +801,7 @@ extern bool GenerateFBS(const Parser &parser,
                         const std::string &path,
                         const std::string &file_name);
 
-// Generate a make rule for the generated JavaScript code.
+// Generate a make rule for the generated JavaScript or TypeScript code.
 // See idl_gen_js.cpp.
 extern std::string JSMakeRule(const Parser &parser,
                               const std::string &path,
@@ -650,7 +831,18 @@ extern std::string BinaryMakeRule(const Parser &parser,
                                   const std::string &path,
                                   const std::string &file_name);
 
+// Generate GRPC Cpp interfaces.
+// See idl_gen_grpc.cpp.
+bool GenerateCppGRPC(const Parser &parser,
+                     const std::string &path,
+                     const std::string &file_name);
+
+// Generate GRPC Go interfaces.
+// See idl_gen_grpc.cpp.
+bool GenerateGoGRPC(const Parser &parser,
+                    const std::string &path,
+                    const std::string &file_name);
+
 }  // namespace flatbuffers
 
 #endif  // FLATBUFFERS_IDL_H_
-

include/flatbuffers/minireflect.h

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_MINIREFLECT_H_
+#define FLATBUFFERS_MINIREFLECT_H_
+
+#include "flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h"
+#include "flatbuffers/util.h"
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+
+// Utilities that can be used with the "mini reflection" tables present
+// in generated code with --reflect-types (only types) or --reflect-names
+// (also names).
+// This allows basic reflection functionality such as pretty-printing
+// that does not require the use of the schema parser or loading of binary
+// schema files at runtime (reflection.h).
+
+// For any of the functions below that take `const TypeTable *`, you pass
+// `FooTypeTable()` if the type of the root is `Foo`.
+
+// First, a generic iterator that can be used by multiple algorithms.
+
+struct IterationVisitor {
+  // These mark the scope of a table or struct.
+  virtual void StartSequence() {}
+  virtual void EndSequence() {}
+  // Called for each field regardless of wether it is present or not.
+  // If not present, val == nullptr. set_idx is the index of all set fields.
+  virtual void Field(size_t /*field_idx*/, size_t /*set_idx*/,
+                     ElementaryType /*type*/, bool /*is_vector*/,
+                     const TypeTable * /*type_table*/, const char * /*name*/,
+                     const uint8_t * /*val*/) {}
+  // Called for a value that is actually present, after a field, or as part
+  // of a vector.
+  virtual void UType(uint8_t, const char *) {}
+  virtual void Bool(bool) {}
+  virtual void Char(int8_t, const char *) {}
+  virtual void UChar(uint8_t, const char *) {}
+  virtual void Short(int16_t, const char *) {}
+  virtual void UShort(uint16_t, const char *) {}
+  virtual void Int(int32_t, const char *) {}
+  virtual void UInt(uint32_t, const char *) {}
+  virtual void Long(int64_t) {}
+  virtual void ULong(uint64_t) {}
+  virtual void Float(float) {}
+  virtual void Double(double) {}
+  virtual void String(const String *) {}
+  virtual void Unknown(const uint8_t *) {}  // From a future version.
+  // These mark the scope of a vector.
+  virtual void StartVector() {}
+  virtual void EndVector() {}
+  virtual void Element(size_t /*i*/, ElementaryType /*type*/,
+                       const TypeTable * /*type_table*/,
+                       const uint8_t * /*val*/)
+  {}
+  virtual ~IterationVisitor() {}
+};
+
+inline size_t InlineSize(ElementaryType type, const TypeTable *type_table) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case ET_UTYPE:
+    case ET_BOOL:
+    case ET_CHAR:
+    case ET_UCHAR:
+      return 1;
+    case ET_SHORT:
+    case ET_USHORT:
+      return 2;
+    case ET_INT:
+    case ET_UINT:
+    case ET_FLOAT:
+    case ET_STRING:
+      return 4;
+    case ET_LONG:
+    case ET_ULONG:
+    case ET_DOUBLE:
+      return 8;
+    case ET_SEQUENCE:
+      switch (type_table->st) {
+        case ST_TABLE:
+        case ST_UNION:
+          return 4;
+        case ST_STRUCT:
+          return type_table->values[type_table->num_elems];
+        default:
+          assert(false);
+          return 1;
+      }
+    default:
+      assert(false);
+      return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+inline int32_t LookupEnum(int32_t enum_val, const int32_t *values,
+                          size_t num_values) {
+  if (!values) return enum_val;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_values; i++) {
+    if (enum_val == values[i]) return static_cast<int32_t>(i);
+  }
+  return -1;  // Unknown enum value.
+}
+
+template<typename T> const char *EnumName(T tval, const TypeTable *type_table) {
+  if (!type_table || !type_table->names) return nullptr;
+  auto i = LookupEnum(static_cast<int32_t>(tval), type_table->values,
+                                  type_table->num_elems);
+  if (i >= 0 && i < static_cast<int32_t>(type_table->num_elems)) {
+    return type_table->names[i];
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void IterateObject(const uint8_t *obj, const TypeTable *type_table,
+                  IterationVisitor *visitor);
+
+inline void IterateValue(ElementaryType type, const uint8_t *val,
+                         const TypeTable *type_table,
+                         const uint8_t *prev_val,
+                         soffset_t vector_index,
+                         IterationVisitor *visitor) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case ET_UTYPE: {
+      auto tval = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(val);
+      visitor->UType(tval, EnumName(tval, type_table));
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_BOOL: {
+      visitor->Bool(*reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(val) != 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_CHAR: {
+      auto tval = *reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(val);
+      visitor->Char(tval, EnumName(tval, type_table));
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_UCHAR: {
+      auto tval = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(val);
+      visitor->UChar(tval, EnumName(tval, type_table));
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_SHORT: {
+      auto tval = *reinterpret_cast<const int16_t *>(val);
+      visitor->Short(tval, EnumName(tval, type_table));
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_USHORT: {
+      auto tval = *reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(val);
+      visitor->UShort(tval, EnumName(tval, type_table));
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_INT: {
+      auto tval = *reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(val);
+      visitor->Int(tval, EnumName(tval, type_table));
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_UINT: {
+      auto tval = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(val);
+      visitor->UInt(tval, EnumName(tval, type_table));
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_LONG: {
+      visitor->Long(*reinterpret_cast<const int64_t *>(val));
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_ULONG: {
+      visitor->ULong(*reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t *>(val));
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_FLOAT: {
+      visitor->Float(*reinterpret_cast<const float *>(val));
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_DOUBLE: {
+      visitor->Double(*reinterpret_cast<const double *>(val));
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_STRING: {
+      val += ReadScalar<uoffset_t>(val);
+      visitor->String(reinterpret_cast<const String *>(val));
+      break;
+    }
+    case ET_SEQUENCE: {
+      switch (type_table->st) {
+        case ST_TABLE:
+          val += ReadScalar<uoffset_t>(val);
+          IterateObject(val, type_table, visitor);
+          break;
+        case ST_STRUCT:
+          IterateObject(val, type_table, visitor);
+          break;
+        case ST_UNION: {
+          val += ReadScalar<uoffset_t>(val);
+          assert(prev_val);
+          auto union_type = *prev_val;  // Always a uint8_t.
+          if (vector_index >= 0) {
+            auto type_vec = reinterpret_cast<const Vector<uint8_t> *>(prev_val);
+            union_type = type_vec->Get(static_cast<uoffset_t>(vector_index));
+          }
+          auto type_code_idx = LookupEnum(union_type, type_table->values,
+                                          type_table->num_elems);
+          if (type_code_idx >= 0 && type_code_idx <
+              static_cast<int32_t>(type_table->num_elems)) {
+            auto type_code = type_table->type_codes[type_code_idx];
+            switch (type_code.base_type) {
+              case ET_SEQUENCE: {
+                auto ref = type_table->type_refs[type_code.sequence_ref]();
+                IterateObject(val, ref, visitor);
+                break;
+              }
+              case ET_STRING:
+                visitor->String(reinterpret_cast<const String *>(val));
+                break;
+              default:
+                visitor->Unknown(val);
+            }
+          } else {
+            visitor->Unknown(val);
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case ST_ENUM:
+          assert(false);
+          break;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      visitor->Unknown(val);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+inline void IterateObject(const uint8_t *obj, const TypeTable *type_table,
+                          IterationVisitor *visitor) {
+  visitor->StartSequence();
+  const uint8_t *prev_val = nullptr;
+  size_t set_idx = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < type_table->num_elems; i++) {
+    auto type_code = type_table->type_codes[i];
+    auto type = static_cast<ElementaryType>(type_code.base_type);
+    auto is_vector = type_code.is_vector != 0;
+    auto ref_idx = type_code.sequence_ref;
+    const TypeTable *ref = nullptr;
+    if (ref_idx >= 0) {
+      ref = type_table->type_refs[ref_idx]();
+    }
+    auto name = type_table->names ? type_table->names[i] : nullptr;
+    const uint8_t *val = nullptr;
+    if (type_table->st == ST_TABLE) {
+      val = reinterpret_cast<const Table *>(obj)->GetAddressOf(
+              FieldIndexToOffset(static_cast<voffset_t>(i)));
+    } else {
+      val = obj + type_table->values[i];
+    }
+    visitor->Field(i, set_idx, type, is_vector, ref, name, val);
+    if (val) {
+      set_idx++;
+      if (is_vector) {
+        val += ReadScalar<uoffset_t>(val);
+        auto vec = reinterpret_cast<const Vector<uint8_t> *>(val);
+        visitor->StartVector();
+        auto elem_ptr = vec->Data();
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < vec->size(); j++) {
+          visitor->Element(j, type, ref, elem_ptr);
+          IterateValue(type, elem_ptr, ref, prev_val, static_cast<soffset_t>(j),
+                       visitor);
+          elem_ptr += InlineSize(type, ref);
+        }
+        visitor->EndVector();
+      } else {
+        IterateValue(type, val, ref, prev_val, -1, visitor);
+      }
+    }
+    prev_val = val;
+  }
+  visitor->EndSequence();
+}
+
+inline void IterateFlatBuffer(const uint8_t *buffer,
+                              const TypeTable *type_table,
+                              IterationVisitor *callback) {
+  IterateObject(GetRoot<uint8_t>(buffer), type_table, callback);
+}
+
+// Outputting a Flatbuffer to a string. Tries to conform as close to JSON /
+// the output generated by idl_gen_text.cpp.
+
+struct ToStringVisitor : public IterationVisitor {
+  std::string s;
+  void StartSequence() { s += "{ "; }
+  void EndSequence() { s += " }"; }
+  void Field(size_t /*field_idx*/, size_t set_idx, ElementaryType /*type*/,
+             bool /*is_vector*/, const TypeTable * /*type_table*/,
+             const char *name, const uint8_t *val) {
+    if (!val) return;
+    if (set_idx) s += ", ";
+    if (name) { s += name; s += ": "; }
+  }
+  template<typename T> void Named(T x, const char *name) {
+    if (name) s+= name;
+    else s+= NumToString(x);
+  }
+  void UType(uint8_t x, const char *name) { Named(x, name); }
+  void Bool(bool x) { s+= x ? "true" : "false"; }
+  void Char(int8_t x, const char *name) { Named(x, name); }
+  void UChar(uint8_t x, const char *name) { Named(x, name); }
+  void Short(int16_t x, const char *name) { Named(x, name); }
+  void UShort(uint16_t x, const char *name) { Named(x, name); }
+  void Int(int32_t x, const char *name) { Named(x, name); }
+  void UInt(uint32_t x, const char *name) { Named(x, name); }
+  void Long(int64_t x) { s+= NumToString(x); }
+  void ULong(uint64_t x) { s+= NumToString(x); }
+  void Float(float x) { s+= NumToString(x); }
+  void Double(double x) { s+= NumToString(x); }
+  void String(const struct String *str) {
+    EscapeString(str->c_str(), str->size(), &s, true);
+  }
+  void Unknown(const uint8_t *) { s += "(?)"; }
+  void StartVector() { s += "[ "; }
+  void EndVector() { s += " ]"; }
+  void Element(size_t i, ElementaryType /*type*/,
+               const TypeTable * /*type_table*/, const uint8_t * /*val*/) {
+    if (i) s += ", ";
+  }
+};
+
+inline std::string FlatBufferToString(const uint8_t *buffer,
+                                      const TypeTable *type_table) {
+  ToStringVisitor tostring_visitor;
+  IterateFlatBuffer(buffer, type_table, &tostring_visitor);
+  return tostring_visitor.s;
+}
+
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+#endif  // FLATBUFFERS_MINIREFLECT_H_

include/flatbuffers/reflection.h

@@ -30,6 +30,15 @@ namespace flatbuffers {
 
 // ------------------------- GETTERS -------------------------
 
+inline bool IsScalar (reflection::BaseType t) { return t >= reflection::UType &&
+                                                       t <= reflection::Double; }
+inline bool IsInteger(reflection::BaseType t) { return t >= reflection::UType &&
+                                                       t <= reflection::ULong; }
+inline bool IsFloat  (reflection::BaseType t) { return t == reflection::Float ||
+                                                       t == reflection::Double; }
+inline bool IsLong   (reflection::BaseType t) { return t == reflection::Long ||
+                                                       t == reflection::ULong; }
+
 // Size of a basic type, don't use with structs.
 inline size_t GetTypeSize(reflection::BaseType base_type) {
   // This needs to correspond to the BaseType enum.
@@ -58,6 +67,18 @@ inline const Table *GetAnyRoot(const uint8_t *flatbuf) {
   return GetRoot<Table>(flatbuf);
 }
 
+// Get a field's default, if you know it's an integer, and its exact type.
+template<typename T> T GetFieldDefaultI(const reflection::Field &field) {
+  assert(sizeof(T) == GetTypeSize(field.type()->base_type()));
+  return static_cast<T>(field.default_integer());
+}
+
+// Get a field's default, if you know it's floating point and its exact type.
+template<typename T> T GetFieldDefaultF(const reflection::Field &field) {
+  assert(sizeof(T) == GetTypeSize(field.type()->base_type()));
+  return static_cast<T>(field.default_real());
+}
+
 // Get a field, if you know it's an integer, and its exact type.
 template<typename T> T GetFieldI(const Table &table,
                                  const reflection::Field &field) {
@@ -105,6 +126,22 @@ inline Table *GetFieldT(const Table &table,
   return table.GetPointer<Table *>(field.offset());
 }
 
+// Get a field, if you know it's a struct.
+inline const Struct *GetFieldStruct(const Table &table,
+                                    const reflection::Field &field) {
+  // TODO: This does NOT check if the field is a table or struct, but we'd need
+  // access to the schema to check the is_struct flag.
+  assert(field.type()->base_type() == reflection::Obj);
+  return table.GetStruct<const Struct *>(field.offset());
+}
+
+// Get a structure's field, if you know it's a struct.
+inline const Struct *GetFieldStruct(const Struct &structure,
+                                    const reflection::Field &field) {
+  assert(field.type()->base_type() == reflection::Obj);
+  return structure.GetStruct<const Struct *>(field.offset());
+}
+
 // Raw helper functions used below: get any value in memory as a 64bit int, a
 // double or a string.
 // All scalars get static_cast to an int64_t, strings use strtoull, every other
@@ -226,8 +263,19 @@ template<typename T> T *GetAnyFieldAddressOf(const Struct &st,
 // Set any scalar field, if you know its exact type.
 template<typename T> bool SetField(Table *table, const reflection::Field &field,
                                    T val) {
-  assert(sizeof(T) == GetTypeSize(field.type()->base_type()));
+  reflection::BaseType type = field.type()->base_type();
-  return table->SetField(field.offset(), val);
+  if (!IsScalar(type)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  assert(sizeof(T) == GetTypeSize(type));
+  T def;
+  if (IsInteger(type)) {
+    def = GetFieldDefaultI<T>(field);
+  } else {
+    assert(IsFloat(type));
+    def = GetFieldDefaultF<T>(field);
+  }
+  return table->SetField(field.offset(), val, def);
 }
 
 // Raw helper functions used below: set any value in memory as a 64bit int, a
@@ -242,7 +290,7 @@ void SetAnyValueS(reflection::BaseType type, uint8_t *data, const char *val);
 inline bool SetAnyFieldI(Table *table, const reflection::Field &field,
                          int64_t val) {
   auto field_ptr = table->GetAddressOf(field.offset());
-  if (!field_ptr) return false;
+  if (!field_ptr) return val == GetFieldDefaultI<int64_t>(field);
   SetAnyValueI(field.type()->base_type(), field_ptr, val);
   return true;
 }
@@ -251,7 +299,7 @@ inline bool SetAnyFieldI(Table *table, const reflection::Field &field,
 inline bool SetAnyFieldF(Table *table, const reflection::Field &field,
                          double val) {
   auto field_ptr = table->GetAddressOf(field.offset());
-  if (!field_ptr) return false;
+  if (!field_ptr) return val == GetFieldDefaultF<double>(field);
   SetAnyValueF(field.type()->base_type(), field_ptr, val);
   return true;
 }
@@ -313,12 +361,13 @@ template<typename T, typename U> class pointer_inside_vector {
  public:
   pointer_inside_vector(T *ptr, std::vector<U> &vec)
     : offset_(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(ptr) -
-              reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(vec.data())),
+              reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(flatbuffers::vector_data(vec))),
       vec_(vec) {}
 
   T *operator*() const {
     return reinterpret_cast<T *>(
-             reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(vec_.data()) + offset_);
+             reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(
+               flatbuffers::vector_data(vec_)) + offset_);
   }
   T *operator->() const {
     return operator*();
@@ -335,6 +384,8 @@ template<typename T, typename U> pointer_inside_vector<T, U> piv(T *ptr,
   return pointer_inside_vector<T, U>(ptr, vec);
 }
 
+inline const char *UnionTypeFieldSuffix() { return "_type"; }
+
 // Helper to figure out the actual table type a union refers to.
 inline const reflection::Object &GetUnionType(
     const reflection::Schema &schema, const reflection::Object &parent,
@@ -342,7 +393,7 @@ inline const reflection::Object &GetUnionType(
   auto enumdef = schema.enums()->Get(unionfield.type()->index());
   // TODO: this is clumsy and slow, but no other way to find it?
   auto type_field = parent.fields()->LookupByKey(
-            (unionfield.name()->str() + "_type").c_str());
+            (unionfield.name()->str() + UnionTypeFieldSuffix()).c_str());
   assert(type_field);
   auto union_type = GetFieldI<uint8_t>(table, *type_field);
   auto enumval = enumdef->values()->LookupByKey(union_type);
@@ -381,7 +432,7 @@ void ResizeVector(const reflection::Schema &schema, uoffset_t newsize, T val,
   // Set new elements to "val".
   for (int i = 0; i < delta_elem; i++) {
     auto loc = newelems + i * sizeof(T);
-    auto is_scalar = std::is_scalar<T>::value;
+    auto is_scalar = flatbuffers::is_scalar<T>::value;
     if (is_scalar) {
       WriteScalar(loc, val);
     } else {  // struct
@@ -415,12 +466,23 @@ inline bool SetFieldT(Table *table, const reflection::Field &field,
 // above resizing functionality has introduced garbage in a buffer you want
 // to remove.
 // Note: this does not deal with DAGs correctly. If the table passed forms a
-// DAG, the copy will be a tree instead (with duplicates).
+// DAG, the copy will be a tree instead (with duplicates). Strings can be
+// shared however, by passing true for use_string_pooling.
 
 Offset<const Table *> CopyTable(FlatBufferBuilder &fbb,
                                 const reflection::Schema &schema,
                                 const reflection::Object &objectdef,
-                                const Table &table);
+                                const Table &table,
+                                bool use_string_pooling = false);
+
+// Verifies the provided flatbuffer using reflection.
+// root should point to the root type for this flatbuffer.
+// buf should point to the start of flatbuffer data.
+// length specifies the size of the flatbuffer data.
+bool Verify(const reflection::Schema &schema,
+            const reflection::Object &root,
+            const uint8_t *buf,
+            size_t length);
 
 }  // namespace flatbuffers
 

include/flatbuffers/registry.h

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_REGISTRY_H_
+#define FLATBUFFERS_REGISTRY_H_
+
+#include "flatbuffers/idl.h"
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+
+// Convenience class to easily parse or generate text for arbitrary FlatBuffers.
+// Simply pre-populate it with all schema filenames that may be in use, and
+// This class will look them up using the file_identifier declared in the
+// schema.
+class Registry {
+ public:
+  // Call this for all schemas that may be in use. The identifier has
+  // a function in the generated code, e.g. MonsterIdentifier().
+  void Register(const char *file_identifier, const char *schema_path) {
+    Schema schema;
+    schema.path_ = schema_path;
+    schemas_[file_identifier] = schema;
+  }
+
+  // Generate text from an arbitrary FlatBuffer by looking up its
+  // file_identifier in the registry.
+  bool FlatBufferToText(const uint8_t *flatbuf, size_t len,
+                        std::string *dest) {
+    // Get the identifier out of the buffer.
+    // If the buffer is truncated, exit.
+    if (len < sizeof(uoffset_t) +
+              FlatBufferBuilder::kFileIdentifierLength) {
+      lasterror_ = "buffer truncated";
+      return false;
+    }
+    std::string ident(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(flatbuf) +
+                        sizeof(uoffset_t),
+                      FlatBufferBuilder::kFileIdentifierLength);
+    // Load and parse the schema.
+    Parser parser;
+    if (!LoadSchema(ident, &parser)) return false;
+    // Now we're ready to generate text.
+    if (!GenerateText(parser, flatbuf, dest)) {
+      lasterror_ = "unable to generate text for FlatBuffer binary";
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Converts a binary buffer to text using one of the schemas in the registry,
+  // use the file_identifier to indicate which.
+  // If DetachedBuffer::data() is null then parsing failed.
+  DetachedBuffer TextToFlatBuffer(const char *text,
+                                  const char *file_identifier) {
+    // Load and parse the schema.
+    Parser parser;
+    if (!LoadSchema(file_identifier, &parser)) return DetachedBuffer();
+    // Parse the text.
+    if (!parser.Parse(text)) {
+      lasterror_ = parser.error_;
+      return DetachedBuffer();
+    }
+    // We have a valid FlatBuffer. Detach it from the builder and return.
+    return parser.builder_.ReleaseBufferPointer();
+  }
+
+  // Modify any parsing / output options used by the other functions.
+  void SetOptions(const IDLOptions &opts) { opts_ = opts; }
+
+  // If schemas used contain include statements, call this function for every
+  // directory the parser should search them for.
+  void AddIncludeDirectory(const char *path) {
+    include_paths_.push_back(path);
+  }
+
+  // Returns a human readable error if any of the above functions fail.
+  const std::string &GetLastError() { return lasterror_; }
+
+ private:
+   bool LoadSchema(const std::string &ident, Parser *parser) {
+     // Find the schema, if not, exit.
+     auto it = schemas_.find(ident);
+     if (it == schemas_.end()) {
+       // Don't attach the identifier, since it may not be human readable.
+       lasterror_ = "identifier for this buffer not in the registry";
+       return false;
+     }
+     auto &schema = it->second;
+     // Load the schema from disk. If not, exit.
+     std::string schematext;
+     if (!LoadFile(schema.path_.c_str(), false, &schematext)) {
+       lasterror_ = "could not load schema: " + schema.path_;
+       return false;
+     }
+     // Parse schema.
+     parser->opts = opts_;
+     if (!parser->Parse(schematext.c_str(), vector_data(include_paths_),
+                        schema.path_.c_str())) {
+       lasterror_ = parser->error_;
+       return false;
+     }
+     return true;
+   }
+
+  struct Schema {
+    std::string path_;
+    // TODO(wvo) optionally cache schema file or parsed schema here.
+  };
+
+  std::string lasterror_;
+  IDLOptions opts_;
+  std::vector<const char *> include_paths_;
+  std::map<std::string, Schema> schemas_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+#endif  // FLATBUFFERS_REGISTRY_H_

include/flatbuffers/stl_emulation.h

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_STL_EMULATION_H_
+#define FLATBUFFERS_STL_EMULATION_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+#include <limits>
+
+#if defined(_STLPORT_VERSION) && !defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
+  #define FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL
+#endif  // defined(_STLPORT_VERSION) && !defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
+
+#if defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
+  #include <cctype>
+#endif  // defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
+
+// This header provides backwards compatibility for C++98 STLs like stlport.
+namespace flatbuffers {
+
+// Retrieve ::back() from a string in a way that is compatible with pre C++11
+// STLs (e.g stlport).
+inline char string_back(const std::string &value) {
+  return value[value.length() - 1];
+}
+
+// Helper method that retrieves ::data() from a vector in a way that is
+// compatible with pre C++11 STLs (e.g stlport).
+template <typename T> inline T *vector_data(std::vector<T> &vector) {
+  // In some debug environments, operator[] does bounds checking, so &vector[0]
+  // can't be used.
+  return &(*vector.begin());
+}
+
+template <typename T> inline const T *vector_data(
+    const std::vector<T> &vector) {
+  return &(*vector.begin());
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename V>
+inline void vector_emplace_back(std::vector<T> *vector, V &&data) {
+  #if defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
+    vector->push_back(data);
+  #else
+    vector->emplace_back(std::forward<V>(data));
+  #endif  // defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
+}
+
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL
+  #if !(defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1700 /* MSVC2012 */)
+    template <typename T>
+    using numeric_limits = std::numeric_limits<T>;
+  #else
+    template <typename T> class numeric_limits :
+      public std::numeric_limits<T> {};
+  #endif  // !(defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1700 /* MSVC2012 */)
+#else
+  template <typename T> class numeric_limits :
+      public std::numeric_limits<T> {};
+
+  template <> class numeric_limits<unsigned long long> {
+   public:
+    static unsigned long long min() { return 0ULL; }
+    static unsigned long long max() { return ~0ULL; }
+  };
+
+  template <> class numeric_limits<long long> {
+   public:
+    static long long min() {
+      return static_cast<long long>(1ULL << ((sizeof(long long) << 3) - 1));
+    }
+    static long long max() {
+      return static_cast<long long>(
+          (1ULL << ((sizeof(long long) << 3) - 1)) - 1);
+    }
+  };
+#endif  // FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL
+
+#if !(defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1700 /* MSVC2012 */)
+  #ifndef FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL
+    template <typename T> using is_scalar = std::is_scalar<T>;
+    template <typename T, typename U> using is_same = std::is_same<T,U>;
+    template <typename T> using is_floating_point = std::is_floating_point<T>;
+    template <typename T> using is_unsigned = std::is_unsigned<T>;
+  #else
+    // Map C++ TR1 templates defined by stlport.
+    template <typename T> using is_scalar = std::tr1::is_scalar<T>;
+    template <typename T, typename U> using is_same = std::tr1::is_same<T,U>;
+    template <typename T> using is_floating_point =
+        std::tr1::is_floating_point<T>;
+    template <typename T> using is_unsigned = std::tr1::is_unsigned<T>;
+  #endif  // !FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL
+#else
+  // MSVC 2010 doesn't support C++11 aliases.
+  template <typename T> struct is_scalar : public std::is_scalar<T> {};
+  template <typename T, typename U> struct is_same : public std::is_same<T,U> {};
+  template <typename T> struct is_floating_point :
+        public std::is_floating_point<T> {};
+  template <typename T> struct is_unsigned : public std::is_unsigned<T> {};
+#endif  // !(defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1700 /* MSVC2012 */)
+
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL
+  #if !(defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1700 /* MSVC2012 */)
+    template <class T> using unique_ptr = std::unique_ptr<T>;
+  #else
+    // MSVC 2010 doesn't support C++11 aliases.
+    // We're manually "aliasing" the class here as we want to bring unique_ptr
+    // into the flatbuffers namespace.  We have unique_ptr in the flatbuffers
+    // namespace we have a completely independent implemenation (see below)
+    // for C++98 STL implementations.
+    template <class T> class unique_ptr : public std::unique_ptr<T> {
+     public:
+      unique_ptr() {}
+      explicit unique_ptr(T* p) : std::unique_ptr<T>(p) {}
+      unique_ptr(std::unique_ptr<T>&& u) { *this = std::move(u); }
+      unique_ptr(unique_ptr&& u) { *this = std::move(u); }
+      unique_ptr& operator=(std::unique_ptr<T>&& u) {
+        std::unique_ptr<T>::reset(u.release());
+        return *this;
+      }
+      unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr&& u) {
+        std::unique_ptr<T>::reset(u.release());
+        return *this;
+      }
+      unique_ptr& operator=(T* p) {
+        return std::unique_ptr<T>::operator=(p);
+      }
+    };
+  #endif  // !(defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1700 /* MSVC2012 */)
+#else
+  // Very limited implementation of unique_ptr.
+  // This is provided simply to allow the C++ code generated from the default
+  // settings to function in C++98 environments with no modifications.
+  template <class T> class unique_ptr {
+   public:
+    typedef T element_type;
+
+    unique_ptr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+    explicit unique_ptr(T* p) : ptr_(p) {}
+    unique_ptr(unique_ptr&& u) : ptr_(nullptr) { reset(u.release()); }
+    unique_ptr(const unique_ptr& u) : ptr_(nullptr) {
+      reset(const_cast<unique_ptr*>(&u)->release());
+    }
+    ~unique_ptr() { reset(); }
+
+    unique_ptr& operator=(const unique_ptr& u) {
+      reset(const_cast<unique_ptr*>(&u)->release());
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr&& u) {
+      reset(u.release());
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    unique_ptr& operator=(T* p) {
+      reset(p);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    const T& operator*() const { return *ptr_; }
+    T* operator->() const { return ptr_; }
+    T* get() const noexcept { return ptr_; }
+    explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+    // modifiers
+    T* release() {
+      T* value = ptr_;
+      ptr_ = nullptr;
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    void reset(T* p = nullptr) {
+      T* value = ptr_;
+      ptr_ = p;
+      if (value) delete value;
+    }
+
+    void swap(unique_ptr& u) {
+      T* temp_ptr = ptr_;
+      ptr_ = u.ptr_;
+      u.ptr_ = temp_ptr;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    T* ptr_;
+  };
+
+  template <class T> bool operator==(const unique_ptr<T>& x,
+                                     const unique_ptr<T>& y) {
+    return x.get() == y.get();
+  }
+
+  template <class T, class D> bool operator==(const unique_ptr<T>& x,
+                                              const D* y) {
+    return static_cast<D*>(x.get()) == y;
+  }
+
+  template <class T> bool operator==(const unique_ptr<T>& x, intptr_t y) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(x.get()) == y;
+  }
+#endif  // !FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL
+
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+#endif  // FLATBUFFERS_STL_EMULATION_H_

include/flatbuffers/util.h

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <string>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #ifdef _WIN32
@@ -34,11 +35,13 @@
 #include <winbase.h>
 #include <direct.h>
 #else
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "flatbuffers/base.h"
 
-#include "flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h"
 
 namespace flatbuffers {
 
@@ -57,6 +60,20 @@ template<> inline std::string NumToString<signed char>(signed char t) {
 template<> inline std::string NumToString<unsigned char>(unsigned char t) {
   return NumToString(static_cast<int>(t));
 }
+#if defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
+  template <> inline std::string NumToString<long long>(long long t) {
+    char buf[21]; // (log((1 << 63) - 1) / log(10)) + 2
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", t);
+    return std::string(buf);
+  }
+
+  template <> inline std::string NumToString<unsigned long long>(
+      unsigned long long t) {
+    char buf[22]; // (log((1 << 63) - 1) / log(10)) + 1
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%llu", t);
+    return std::string(buf);
+  }
+#endif  // defined(FLATBUFFERS_CPP98_STL)
 
 // Special versions for floats/doubles.
 template<> inline std::string NumToString<double>(double t) {
@@ -69,9 +86,8 @@ template<> inline std::string NumToString<double>(double t) {
   // Sadly, std::fixed turns "1" into "1.00000", so here we undo that.
   auto p = s.find_last_not_of('0');
   if (p != std::string::npos) {
-    s.resize(p + 1);  // Strip trailing zeroes.
+    // Strip trailing zeroes. If it is a whole number, keep one zero.
-    if (s[s.size() - 1] == '.')
+    s.resize(p + (s[p] == '.' ? 2 : 1));
-      s.erase(s.size() - 1, 1);  // Strip '.' if a whole number.
   }
   return s;
 }
@@ -93,50 +109,46 @@ inline std::string IntToStringHex(int i, int xdigits) {
 }
 
 // Portable implementation of strtoll().
-inline int64_t StringToInt(const char *str, int base = 10) {
+inline int64_t StringToInt(const char *str, char **endptr = nullptr,
+                           int base = 10) {
   #ifdef _MSC_VER
-    return _strtoi64(str, nullptr, base);
+    return _strtoi64(str, endptr, base);
   #else
-    return strtoll(str, nullptr, base);
+    return strtoll(str, endptr, base);
   #endif
 }
 
 // Portable implementation of strtoull().
-inline int64_t StringToUInt(const char *str, int base = 10) {
+inline uint64_t StringToUInt(const char *str, char **endptr = nullptr,
+                             int base = 10) {
   #ifdef _MSC_VER
-    return _strtoui64(str, nullptr, base);
+    return _strtoui64(str, endptr, base);
   #else
-    return strtoull(str, nullptr, base);
+    return strtoull(str, endptr, base);
   #endif
 }
 
+typedef bool (*LoadFileFunction)(const char *filename, bool binary,
+                                 std::string *dest);
+typedef bool (*FileExistsFunction)(const char *filename);
+
+LoadFileFunction SetLoadFileFunction(LoadFileFunction load_file_function);
+
+FileExistsFunction SetFileExistsFunction(FileExistsFunction
+                                         file_exists_function);
+
+
 // Check if file "name" exists.
-inline bool FileExists(const char *name) {
+bool FileExists(const char *name);
-  std::ifstream ifs(name);
+
-  return ifs.good();
+// Check if "name" exists and it is also a directory.
-}
+bool DirExists(const char *name);
 
 // Load file "name" into "buf" returning true if successful
 // false otherwise.  If "binary" is false data is read
 // using ifstream's text mode, otherwise data is read with
 // no transcoding.
-inline bool LoadFile(const char *name, bool binary, std::string *buf) {
+bool LoadFile(const char *name, bool binary, std::string *buf);
-  std::ifstream ifs(name, binary ? std::ifstream::binary : std::ifstream::in);
-  if (!ifs.is_open()) return false;
-  if (binary) {
-    // The fastest way to read a file into a string.
-    ifs.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
-    (*buf).resize(static_cast<size_t>(ifs.tellg()));
-    ifs.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
-    ifs.read(&(*buf)[0], (*buf).size());
-  } else {
-    // This is slower, but works correctly on all platforms for text files.
-    std::ostringstream oss;
-    oss << ifs.rdbuf();
-    *buf = oss.str();
-  }
-  return !ifs.bad();
-}
 
 // Save data "buf" of length "len" bytes into a file
 // "name" returning true if successful, false otherwise.
@@ -159,16 +171,20 @@ inline bool SaveFile(const char *name, const std::string &buf, bool binary) {
   return SaveFile(name, buf.c_str(), buf.size(), binary);
 }
 
-// Functionality for minimalistic portable path handling:
+// Functionality for minimalistic portable path handling.
 
-static const char kPosixPathSeparator = '/';
+// The functions below behave correctly regardless of whether posix ('/') or
-#ifdef _WIN32
+// Windows ('/' or '\\') separators are used.
-static const char kPathSeparator = '\\';
+
+// Any new separators inserted are always posix.
+
+// We internally store paths in posix format ('/'). Paths supplied
+// by the user should go through PosixPath to ensure correct behavior
+// on Windows when paths are string-compared.
+
+static const char kPathSeparator = '/';
+static const char kPathSeparatorWindows = '\\';
 static const char *PathSeparatorSet = "\\/";  // Intentionally no ':'
-#else
-static const char kPathSeparator = kPosixPathSeparator;
-static const char *PathSeparatorSet = "/";
-#endif // _WIN32
 
 // Returns the path with the extension, if any, removed.
 inline std::string StripExtension(const std::string &filepath) {
@@ -199,13 +215,25 @@ inline std::string StripFileName(const std::string &filepath) {
 inline std::string ConCatPathFileName(const std::string &path,
                                       const std::string &filename) {
   std::string filepath = path;
-  if (path.length() && path[path.size() - 1] != kPathSeparator &&
+  if (filepath.length()) {
-                       path[path.size() - 1] != kPosixPathSeparator)
+    char filepath_last_character = string_back(filepath);
-    filepath += kPathSeparator;
+    if (filepath_last_character == kPathSeparatorWindows) {
+      filepath_last_character = kPathSeparator;
+    } else if (filepath_last_character != kPathSeparator) {
+      filepath += kPathSeparator;
+    }
+  }
   filepath += filename;
   return filepath;
 }
 
+// Replaces any '\\' separators with '/'
+inline std::string PosixPath(const char *path) {
+  std::string p = path;
+  std::replace(p.begin(), p.end(), '\\', '/');
+  return p;
+}
+
 // This function ensure a directory exists, by recursively
 // creating dirs for any parts of the path that don't exist yet.
 inline void EnsureDirExists(const std::string &filepath) {
@@ -280,6 +308,10 @@ inline int FromUTF8(const char **in) {
   }
   if ((**in << len) & 0x80) return -1;  // Bit after leading 1's must be 0.
   if (!len) return *(*in)++;
+  // UTF-8 encoded values with a length are between 2 and 4 bytes.
+  if (len < 2 || len > 4) {
+    return -1;
+  }
   // Grab initial bits of the code.
   int ucc = *(*in)++ & ((1 << (7 - len)) - 1);
   for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
@@ -287,6 +319,32 @@ inline int FromUTF8(const char **in) {
     ucc <<= 6;
     ucc |= *(*in)++ & 0x3F;  // Grab 6 more bits of the code.
   }
+  // UTF-8 cannot encode values between 0xD800 and 0xDFFF (reserved for
+  // UTF-16 surrogate pairs).
+  if (ucc >= 0xD800 && ucc <= 0xDFFF) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  // UTF-8 must represent code points in their shortest possible encoding.
+  switch (len) {
+    case 2:
+      // Two bytes of UTF-8 can represent code points from U+0080 to U+07FF.
+      if (ucc < 0x0080 || ucc > 0x07FF) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      // Three bytes of UTF-8 can represent code points from U+0800 to U+FFFF.
+      if (ucc < 0x0800 || ucc > 0xFFFF) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      // Four bytes of UTF-8 can represent code points from U+10000 to U+10FFFF.
+      if (ucc < 0x10000 || ucc > 0x10FFFF) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      break;
+  }
   return ucc;
 }
 
@@ -317,6 +375,72 @@ inline std::string WordWrap(const std::string in, size_t max_length,
   return wrapped;
 }
 
+inline bool EscapeString(const char *s, size_t length, std::string *_text,
+                         bool allow_non_utf8) {
+  std::string &text = *_text;
+  text += "\"";
+  for (uoffset_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    char c = s[i];
+    switch (c) {
+      case '\n': text += "\\n"; break;
+      case '\t': text += "\\t"; break;
+      case '\r': text += "\\r"; break;
+      case '\b': text += "\\b"; break;
+      case '\f': text += "\\f"; break;
+      case '\"': text += "\\\""; break;
+      case '\\': text += "\\\\"; break;
+      default:
+        if (c >= ' ' && c <= '~') {
+          text += c;
+        } else {
+          // Not printable ASCII data. Let's see if it's valid UTF-8 first:
+          const char *utf8 = s + i;
+          int ucc = FromUTF8(&utf8);
+          if (ucc < 0) {
+            if (allow_non_utf8) {
+              text += "\\x";
+              text += IntToStringHex(static_cast<uint8_t>(c), 2);
+            } else {
+              // There are two cases here:
+              //
+              // 1) We reached here by parsing an IDL file. In that case,
+              // we previously checked for non-UTF-8, so we shouldn't reach
+              // here.
+              //
+              // 2) We reached here by someone calling GenerateText()
+              // on a previously-serialized flatbuffer. The data might have
+              // non-UTF-8 Strings, or might be corrupt.
+              //
+              // In both cases, we have to give up and inform the caller
+              // they have no JSON.
+              return false;
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (ucc <= 0xFFFF) {
+              // Parses as Unicode within JSON's \uXXXX range, so use that.
+              text += "\\u";
+              text += IntToStringHex(ucc, 4);
+            } else if (ucc <= 0x10FFFF) {
+              // Encode Unicode SMP values to a surrogate pair using two \u escapes.
+              uint32_t base = ucc - 0x10000;
+              auto high_surrogate = (base >> 10) + 0xD800;
+              auto low_surrogate = (base & 0x03FF) + 0xDC00;
+              text += "\\u";
+              text += IntToStringHex(high_surrogate, 4);
+              text += "\\u";
+              text += IntToStringHex(low_surrogate, 4);
+            }
+            // Skip past characters recognized.
+            i = static_cast<uoffset_t>(utf8 - s - 1);
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  text += "\"";
+  return true;
+}
+
 }  // namespace flatbuffers
 
 #endif  // FLATBUFFERS_UTIL_H_

java/com/google/flatbuffers/Constants.java

@@ -23,10 +23,18 @@ package com.google.flatbuffers;
  */
 public class Constants {
     // Java doesn't seem to have these.
+    /** The number of bytes in an `byte`. */
+    static final int SIZEOF_BYTE = 1;
     /** The number of bytes in a `short`. */
     static final int SIZEOF_SHORT = 2;
     /** The number of bytes in an `int`. */
     static final int SIZEOF_INT = 4;
+    /** The number of bytes in an `float`. */
+    static final int SIZEOF_FLOAT = 4;
+    /** The number of bytes in an `long`. */
+    static final int SIZEOF_LONG = 8;
+    /** The number of bytes in an `double`. */
+    static final int SIZEOF_DOUBLE = 8;
     /** The number of bytes in a file identifier. */
     static final int FILE_IDENTIFIER_LENGTH = 4;
 }

java/com/google/flatbuffers/FlatBufferBuilder.java

@@ -17,9 +17,14 @@
 package com.google.flatbuffers;
 
 import static com.google.flatbuffers.Constants.*;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.*;
+import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
+import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
+import java.nio.charset.CoderResult;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 
 /// @file
@@ -28,8 +33,7 @@ import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 
 /**
  * Class that helps you build a FlatBuffer.  See the section
- * @ref flatbuffers_guide_use_java_c-sharp "Use in Java/C#" in the
+ * "Use in Java/C#" in the main FlatBuffers documentation.
- * main FlatBuffers documentation.
  */
 public class FlatBufferBuilder {
     /// @cond FLATBUFFERS_INTERNAL
@@ -46,26 +50,53 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
     int num_vtables = 0;            // Number of entries in `vtables` in use.
     int vector_num_elems = 0;       // For the current vector being built.
     boolean force_defaults = false; // False omits default values from the serialized data.
+    CharsetEncoder encoder = utf8charset.newEncoder();
+    ByteBuffer dst;
+    ByteBufferFactory bb_factory;   // Factory for allocating the internal buffer
     /// @endcond
 
+    /**
+     * Start with a buffer of size `initial_size`, then grow as required.
+     *
+     * @param initial_size The initial size of the internal buffer to use.
+     * @param bb_factory The factory to be used for allocating the internal buffer
+     */
+    public FlatBufferBuilder(int initial_size, ByteBufferFactory bb_factory) {
+        if (initial_size <= 0) initial_size = 1;
+        space = initial_size;
+        this.bb_factory = bb_factory;
+        bb = bb_factory.newByteBuffer(initial_size);
+    }
+
    /**
     * Start with a buffer of size `initial_size`, then grow as required.
     *
     * @param initial_size The initial size of the internal buffer to use.
     */
     public FlatBufferBuilder(int initial_size) {
-        if (initial_size <= 0) initial_size = 1;
+        this(initial_size, new HeapByteBufferFactory());
-        space = initial_size;
-        bb = newByteBuffer(initial_size);
     }
 
-   /**
+    /**
-    * Start with a buffer of 1KiB, then grow as required.
+     * Start with a buffer of 1KiB, then grow as required.
-    */
+     */
     public FlatBufferBuilder() {
         this(1024);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Alternative constructor allowing reuse of {@link ByteBuffer}s.  The builder
+     * can still grow the buffer as necessary.  User classes should make sure
+     * to call {@link #dataBuffer()} to obtain the resulting encoded message.
+     *
+     * @param existing_bb The byte buffer to reuse.
+     * @param bb_factory The factory to be used for allocating a new internal buffer if
+     *                   the existing buffer needs to grow
+     */
+    public FlatBufferBuilder(ByteBuffer existing_bb, ByteBufferFactory bb_factory) {
+        init(existing_bb, bb_factory);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Alternative constructor allowing reuse of {@link ByteBuffer}s.  The builder
      * can still grow the buffer as necessary.  User classes should make sure
@@ -74,7 +105,7 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
      * @param existing_bb The byte buffer to reuse.
      */
     public FlatBufferBuilder(ByteBuffer existing_bb) {
-        init(existing_bb);
+        init(existing_bb, new HeapByteBufferFactory());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -83,9 +114,12 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
      * objects that have been allocated for temporary storage.
      *
      * @param existing_bb The byte buffer to reuse.
+     * @param bb_factory The factory to be used for allocating a new internal buffer if
+     *                   the existing buffer needs to grow
      * @return Returns `this`.
      */
-    public FlatBufferBuilder init(ByteBuffer existing_bb){
+    public FlatBufferBuilder init(ByteBuffer existing_bb, ByteBufferFactory bb_factory){
+        this.bb_factory = bb_factory;
         bb = existing_bb;
         bb.clear();
         bb.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
@@ -100,17 +134,53 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
         return this;
     }
 
-    /// @cond FLATBUFFERS_INTERNAL
     /**
-     * Create a `ByteBuffer` with a given capacity.
+     * An interface that provides a user of the FlatBufferBuilder class the ability to specify
+     * the method in which the internal buffer gets allocated. This allows for alternatives
+     * to the default behavior, which is to allocate memory for a new byte-array
+     * backed `ByteBuffer` array inside the JVM.
      *
-     * @param capacity The size of the `ByteBuffer` to allocate.
+     * The FlatBufferBuilder class contains the HeapByteBufferFactory class to
-     * @return Returns the new `ByteBuffer` that was allocated.
+     * preserve the default behavior in the event that the user does not provide
+     * their own implementation of this interface.
      */
-    static ByteBuffer newByteBuffer(int capacity) {
+    public interface ByteBufferFactory {
-        ByteBuffer newbb = ByteBuffer.allocate(capacity);
+        /**
-        newbb.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+         * Create a `ByteBuffer` with a given capacity.
-        return newbb;
+         *
+         * @param capacity The size of the `ByteBuffer` to allocate.
+         * @return Returns the new `ByteBuffer` that was allocated.
+         */
+        ByteBuffer newByteBuffer(int capacity);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An implementation of the ByteBufferFactory interface that is used when
+     * one is not provided by the user.
+     *
+     * Allocate memory for a new byte-array backed `ByteBuffer` array inside the JVM.
+     */
+    public static final class HeapByteBufferFactory implements ByteBufferFactory {
+        @Override
+        public ByteBuffer newByteBuffer(int capacity) {
+            return ByteBuffer.allocate(capacity).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the FlatBufferBuilder by purging all data that it holds.
+     */
+    public void clear(){
+        space = bb.capacity();
+        bb.clear();
+        minalign = 1;
+        while(vtable_in_use > 0) vtable[--vtable_in_use] = 0;
+        vtable_in_use = 0;
+        nested = false;
+        finished = false;
+        object_start = 0;
+        num_vtables = 0;
+        vector_num_elems = 0;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -118,16 +188,17 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
      * end of the new buffer (since we build the buffer backwards).
      *
      * @param bb The current buffer with the existing data.
+     * @param bb_factory The factory to be used for allocating the new internal buffer
      * @return A new byte buffer with the old data copied copied to it.  The data is
      * located at the end of the buffer.
      */
-    static ByteBuffer growByteBuffer(ByteBuffer bb) {
+    static ByteBuffer growByteBuffer(ByteBuffer bb, ByteBufferFactory bb_factory) {
         int old_buf_size = bb.capacity();
         if ((old_buf_size & 0xC0000000) != 0)  // Ensure we don't grow beyond what fits in an int.
             throw new AssertionError("FlatBuffers: cannot grow buffer beyond 2 gigabytes.");
         int new_buf_size = old_buf_size << 1;
         bb.position(0);
-        ByteBuffer nbb = newByteBuffer(new_buf_size);
+        ByteBuffer nbb = bb_factory.newByteBuffer(new_buf_size);
         nbb.position(new_buf_size - old_buf_size);
         nbb.put(bb);
         return nbb;
@@ -170,7 +241,7 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
         // Reallocate the buffer if needed.
         while (space < align_size + size + additional_bytes) {
             int old_buf_size = bb.capacity();
-            bb = growByteBuffer(bb);
+            bb = growByteBuffer(bb, bb_factory);
             space += bb.capacity() - old_buf_size;
         }
         pad(align_size);
@@ -182,7 +253,7 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
      *
      * @param x A `boolean` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void putBoolean(boolean x) { bb.put      (space -= 1, (byte)(x ? 1 : 0)); }
+    public void putBoolean(boolean x) { bb.put      (space -= Constants.SIZEOF_BYTE, (byte)(x ? 1 : 0)); }
 
     /**
      * Add a `byte` to the buffer, backwards from the current location. Doesn't align nor
@@ -190,7 +261,7 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
      *
      * @param x A `byte` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void putByte   (byte    x) { bb.put      (space -= 1, x); }
+    public void putByte   (byte    x) { bb.put      (space -= Constants.SIZEOF_BYTE, x); }
 
     /**
      * Add a `short` to the buffer, backwards from the current location. Doesn't align nor
@@ -198,7 +269,7 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
      *
      * @param x A `short` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void putShort  (short   x) { bb.putShort (space -= 2, x); }
+    public void putShort  (short   x) { bb.putShort (space -= Constants.SIZEOF_SHORT, x); }
 
     /**
      * Add an `int` to the buffer, backwards from the current location. Doesn't align nor
@@ -206,7 +277,7 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
      *
      * @param x An `int` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void putInt    (int     x) { bb.putInt   (space -= 4, x); }
+    public void putInt    (int     x) { bb.putInt   (space -= Constants.SIZEOF_INT, x); }
 
     /**
      * Add a `long` to the buffer, backwards from the current location. Doesn't align nor
@@ -214,7 +285,7 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
      *
      * @param x A `long` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void putLong   (long    x) { bb.putLong  (space -= 8, x); }
+    public void putLong   (long    x) { bb.putLong  (space -= Constants.SIZEOF_LONG, x); }
 
     /**
      * Add a `float` to the buffer, backwards from the current location. Doesn't align nor
@@ -222,7 +293,7 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
      *
      * @param x A `float` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void putFloat  (float   x) { bb.putFloat (space -= 4, x); }
+    public void putFloat  (float   x) { bb.putFloat (space -= Constants.SIZEOF_FLOAT, x); }
 
     /**
      * Add a `double` to the buffer, backwards from the current location. Doesn't align nor
@@ -230,7 +301,7 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
      *
      * @param x A `double` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void putDouble (double  x) { bb.putDouble(space -= 8, x); }
+    public void putDouble (double  x) { bb.putDouble(space -= Constants.SIZEOF_DOUBLE, x); }
     /// @endcond
 
     /**
@@ -238,49 +309,49 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
      *
      * @param x A `boolean` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void addBoolean(boolean x) { prep(1, 0); putBoolean(x); }
+    public void addBoolean(boolean x) { prep(Constants.SIZEOF_BYTE, 0); putBoolean(x); }
 
     /**
      * Add a `byte` to the buffer, properly aligned, and grows the buffer (if necessary).
      *
      * @param x A `byte` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void addByte   (byte    x) { prep(1, 0); putByte   (x); }
+    public void addByte   (byte    x) { prep(Constants.SIZEOF_BYTE, 0); putByte   (x); }
 
     /**
      * Add a `short` to the buffer, properly aligned, and grows the buffer (if necessary).
      *
      * @param x A `short` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void addShort  (short   x) { prep(2, 0); putShort  (x); }
+    public void addShort  (short   x) { prep(Constants.SIZEOF_SHORT, 0); putShort  (x); }
 
     /**
      * Add an `int` to the buffer, properly aligned, and grows the buffer (if necessary).
      *
      * @param x An `int` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void addInt    (int     x) { prep(4, 0); putInt    (x); }
+    public void addInt    (int     x) { prep(Constants.SIZEOF_INT, 0); putInt    (x); }
 
     /**
      * Add a `long` to the buffer, properly aligned, and grows the buffer (if necessary).
      *
      * @param x A `long` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void addLong   (long    x) { prep(8, 0); putLong   (x); }
+    public void addLong   (long    x) { prep(Constants.SIZEOF_LONG, 0); putLong   (x); }
 
     /**
      * Add a `float` to the buffer, properly aligned, and grows the buffer (if necessary).
      *
      * @param x A `float` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void addFloat  (float   x) { prep(4, 0); putFloat  (x); }
+    public void addFloat  (float   x) { prep(Constants.SIZEOF_FLOAT, 0); putFloat  (x); }
 
     /**
      * Add a `double` to the buffer, properly aligned, and grows the buffer (if necessary).
      *
      * @param x A `double` to put into the buffer.
      */
-    public void addDouble (double  x) { prep(8, 0); putDouble (x); }
+    public void addDouble (double  x) { prep(Constants.SIZEOF_DOUBLE, 0); putDouble (x); }
 
    /**
     * Adds on offset, relative to where it will be written.
@@ -361,19 +432,82 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
     }
     /// @endcond
 
+    /**
+     * Create a new array/vector and return a ByteBuffer to be filled later.
+     * Call {@link #endVector} after this method to get an offset to the beginning
+     * of vector.
+     *
+     * @param elem_size the size of each element in bytes.
+     * @param num_elems number of elements in the vector.
+     * @param alignment byte alignment.
+     * @return ByteBuffer with position and limit set to the space allocated for the array.
+     */
+    public ByteBuffer createUnintializedVector(int elem_size, int num_elems, int alignment) {
+        int length = elem_size * num_elems;
+        startVector(elem_size, num_elems, alignment);
+
+        bb.position(space -= length);
+
+        // Slice and limit the copy vector to point to the 'array'
+        ByteBuffer copy = bb.slice().order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        copy.limit(length);
+        return copy;
+    }
+
    /**
-    * Encode the string `s` in the buffer using UTF-8.
+     * Create a vector of tables.
+     *
+     * @param offsets Offsets of the tables.
+     * @return Returns offset of the vector.
+     */
+    public int createVectorOfTables(int[] offsets) {
+        notNested();
+        startVector(Constants.SIZEOF_INT, offsets.length, Constants.SIZEOF_INT);
+        for(int i = offsets.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) addOffset(offsets[i]);
+        return endVector();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a vector of sorted by the key tables.
+     *
+     * @param obj Instance of the table subclass.
+     * @param offsets Offsets of the tables.
+     * @return Returns offset of the sorted vector.
+     */
+    public <T extends Table> int createSortedVectorOfTables(T obj, int[] offsets) {
+        obj.sortTables(offsets, bb);
+        return createVectorOfTables(offsets);
+    }
+
+   /**
+    * Encode the string `s` in the buffer using UTF-8.  If {@code s} is
+    * already a {@link CharBuffer}, this method is allocation free.
     *
     * @param s The string to encode.
     * @return The offset in the buffer where the encoded string starts.
     */
-    public int createString(String s) {
+    public int createString(CharSequence s) {
-        byte[] utf8 = s.getBytes(utf8charset);
+        int length = s.length();
-        addByte((byte)0);
+        int estimatedDstCapacity = (int) (length * encoder.maxBytesPerChar());
-        startVector(1, utf8.length, 1);
+        if (dst == null || dst.capacity() < estimatedDstCapacity) {
-        bb.position(space -= utf8.length);
+            dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(Math.max(128, estimatedDstCapacity));
-        bb.put(utf8, 0, utf8.length);
+        }
-        return endVector();
+
+        dst.clear();
+
+        CharBuffer src = s instanceof CharBuffer ? (CharBuffer) s :
+            CharBuffer.wrap(s);
+        CoderResult result = encoder.encode(src, dst, true);
+        if (result.isError()) {
+            try {
+                result.throwException();
+            } catch (CharacterCodingException x) {
+                throw new Error(x);
+            }
+        }
+
+        dst.flip();
+        return createString(dst);
     }
 
    /**
@@ -391,6 +525,20 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
         return endVector();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Create a byte array in the buffer.
+     *
+     * @param arr A source array with data
+     * @return The offset in the buffer where the encoded array starts.
+     */
+    public int createByteVector(byte[] arr) {
+        int length = arr.length;
+        startVector(1, length, 1);
+        bb.position(space -= length);
+        bb.put(arr);
+        return endVector();
+    }
+
    /// @cond FLATBUFFERS_INTERNAL
    /**
     * Should not be accessing the final buffer before it is finished.
@@ -428,8 +576,7 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
     * call this directly. The `FlatBuffers` compiler will generate helper methods
     * that call this method internally.
     * <p>
-    * For example, using the "Monster" code found on the
+    * For example, using the "Monster" code found on the "landing page". An
-    * @ref flatbuffers_guide_use_java_c-sharp "landing page". An
     * object of type `Monster` can be created using the following code:
     *
     * <pre>{@code
@@ -597,7 +744,11 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
         addInt(0);
         int vtableloc = offset();
         // Write out the current vtable.
-        for (int i = vtable_in_use - 1; i >= 0 ; i--) {
+        int i = vtable_in_use - 1;
+        // Trim trailing zeroes.
+        for (; i >= 0 && vtable[i] == 0; i--) {}
+        int trimmed_size = i + 1;
+        for (; i >= 0 ; i--) {
             // Offset relative to the start of the table.
             short off = (short)(vtable[i] != 0 ? vtableloc - vtable[i] : 0);
             addShort(off);
@@ -605,12 +756,12 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
 
         final int standard_fields = 2; // The fields below:
         addShort((short)(vtableloc - object_start));
-        addShort((short)((vtable_in_use + standard_fields) * SIZEOF_SHORT));
+        addShort((short)((trimmed_size + standard_fields) * SIZEOF_SHORT));
 
         // Search for an existing vtable that matches the current one.
         int existing_vtable = 0;
         outer_loop:
-        for (int i = 0; i < num_vtables; i++) {
+        for (i = 0; i < num_vtables; i++) {
             int vt1 = bb.capacity() - vtables[i];
             int vt2 = space;
             short len = bb.getShort(vt1);
@@ -708,6 +859,8 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
      * Get the ByteBuffer representing the FlatBuffer. Only call this after you've
      * called `finish()`. The actual data starts at the ByteBuffer's current position,
      * not necessarily at `0`.
+     *
+     * @return The {@link ByteBuffer} representing the FlatBuffer
      */
     public ByteBuffer dataBuffer() {
         finished();
@@ -753,6 +906,41 @@ public class FlatBufferBuilder {
     public byte[] sizedByteArray() {
         return sizedByteArray(space, bb.capacity() - space);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * A utility function to return an InputStream to the ByteBuffer data
+     *
+     * @return An InputStream that starts at the beginning of the ByteBuffer data
+     *         and can read to the end of it.
+     */
+    public InputStream sizedInputStream() {
+        finished();
+        ByteBuffer duplicate = bb.duplicate();
+        duplicate.position(space);
+        duplicate.limit(bb.capacity());
+        return new ByteBufferBackedInputStream(duplicate);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A class that allows a user to create an InputStream from a ByteBuffer.
+     */
+    static class ByteBufferBackedInputStream extends InputStream {
+
+        ByteBuffer buf;
+
+        public ByteBufferBackedInputStream(ByteBuffer buf) {
+            this.buf = buf;
+        }
+
+        public int read() throws IOException {
+            try {
+                return buf.get() & 0xFF;
+            } catch(BufferUnderflowException e) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
 }
 
 /// @}

java/com/google/flatbuffers/Table.java

@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ package com.google.flatbuffers;
 import static com.google.flatbuffers.Constants.*;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.CharBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
+import java.nio.charset.CoderResult;
 
 /// @cond FLATBUFFERS_INTERNAL
 
@@ -26,6 +31,19 @@ import java.nio.ByteOrder;
  * All tables in the generated code derive from this class, and add their own accessors.
  */
 public class Table {
+  private final static ThreadLocal<CharsetDecoder> UTF8_DECODER = new ThreadLocal<CharsetDecoder>() {
+    @Override
+    protected CharsetDecoder initialValue() {
+      return Charset.forName("UTF-8").newDecoder();
+    }
+  };
+  public final static ThreadLocal<Charset> UTF8_CHARSET = new ThreadLocal<Charset>() {
+    @Override
+    protected Charset initialValue() {
+      return Charset.forName("UTF-8");
+    }
+  };
+  private final static ThreadLocal<CharBuffer> CHAR_BUFFER = new ThreadLocal<CharBuffer>();
   /** Used to hold the position of the `bb` buffer. */
   protected int bb_pos;
   /** The underlying ByteBuffer to hold the data of the Table. */
@@ -49,6 +67,11 @@ public class Table {
     return vtable_offset < bb.getShort(vtable) ? bb.getShort(vtable + vtable_offset) : 0;
   }
 
+  protected static int __offset(int vtable_offset, int offset, ByteBuffer bb) {
+    int vtable = bb.capacity() - offset;
+    return bb.getShort(vtable + vtable_offset - bb.getInt(vtable)) + vtable;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Retrieve a relative offset.
    *
@@ -59,6 +82,10 @@ public class Table {
     return offset + bb.getInt(offset);
   }
 
+  protected static int __indirect(int offset, ByteBuffer bb) {
+    return offset + bb.getInt(offset);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Create a Java `String` from UTF-8 data stored inside the FlatBuffer.
    *
@@ -71,20 +98,34 @@ public class Table {
    * @return Returns a `String` from the data stored inside the FlatBuffer at `offset`.
    */
   protected String __string(int offset) {
+    CharsetDecoder decoder = UTF8_DECODER.get();
+    decoder.reset();
+
     offset += bb.getInt(offset);
-    if (bb.hasArray()) {
+    ByteBuffer src = bb.duplicate().order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
-      return new String(bb.array(), bb.arrayOffset() + offset + SIZEOF_INT, bb.getInt(offset),
+    int length = src.getInt(offset);
-                        FlatBufferBuilder.utf8charset);
+    src.position(offset + SIZEOF_INT);
-    } else {
+    src.limit(offset + SIZEOF_INT + length);
-      // We can't access .array(), since the ByteBuffer is read-only,
+
-      // off-heap or a memory map
+    int required = (int)((float)length * decoder.maxCharsPerByte());
-      ByteBuffer bb = this.bb.duplicate().order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+    CharBuffer dst = CHAR_BUFFER.get();
-      // We're forced to make an extra copy:
+    if (dst == null || dst.capacity() < required) {
-      byte[] copy = new byte[bb.getInt(offset)];
+      dst = CharBuffer.allocate(required);
-      bb.position(offset + SIZEOF_INT);
+      CHAR_BUFFER.set(dst);
-      bb.get(copy);
-      return new String(copy, 0, copy.length, FlatBufferBuilder.utf8charset);
     }
+
+    dst.clear();
+
+    try {
+      CoderResult cr = decoder.decode(src, dst, true);
+      if (!cr.isUnderflow()) {
+        cr.throwException();
+      }
+    } catch (CharacterCodingException x) {
+      throw new Error(x);
+    }
+
+    return dst.flip().toString();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -113,9 +154,13 @@ public class Table {
   /**
    * Get a whole vector as a ByteBuffer.
    *
-   * This is efficient, since it only allocates a new bytebuffer object, but does not actually copy
+   * This is efficient, since it only allocates a new {@link ByteBuffer} object,
-   * the data, it still refers to the same bytes as the original ByteBuffer. Also useful with nested
+   * but does not actually copy the data, it still refers to the same bytes
-   * FlatBuffers, etc.
+   * as the original ByteBuffer. Also useful with nested FlatBuffers, etc.
+   *
+   * @param vector_offset The position of the vector in the byte buffer
+   * @param elem_size The size of each element in the array
+   * @return The {@link ByteBuffer} for the array
    */
   protected ByteBuffer __vector_as_bytebuffer(int vector_offset, int elem_size) {
     int o = __offset(vector_offset);
@@ -142,10 +187,12 @@ public class Table {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Check if a ByteBuffer contains a file identifier.
+   * Check if a {@link ByteBuffer} contains a file identifier.
    *
-   * @param bb A `ByteBuffer` to check if it contains the identifier `ident`.
+   * @param bb A {@code ByteBuffer} to check if it contains the identifier
-   * @param ident A `String` identifier of the flatbuffer file.
+   * `ident`.
+   * @param ident A `String` identifier of the FlatBuffer file.
+   * @return True if the buffer contains the file identifier
    */
   protected static boolean __has_identifier(ByteBuffer bb, String ident) {
     if (ident.length() != FILE_IDENTIFIER_LENGTH)
@@ -156,6 +203,74 @@ public class Table {
     }
     return true;
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Sort tables by the key.
+   *
+   * @param offsets An 'int' indexes of the tables into the bb.
+   * @param bb A {@code ByteBuffer} to get the tables.
+   */
+  protected void sortTables(int[] offsets, final ByteBuffer bb) {
+    Integer[] off = new Integer[offsets.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < offsets.length; i++) off[i] = offsets[i];
+    java.util.Arrays.sort(off, new java.util.Comparator<Integer>() {
+      public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
+        return keysCompare(o1, o2, bb);
+      }
+    });
+    for (int i = 0; i < offsets.length; i++) offsets[i] = off[i];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compare two tables by the key.
+   *
+   * @param o1 An 'Integer' index of the first key into the bb.
+   * @param o2 An 'Integer' index of the second key into the bb.
+   * @param bb A {@code ByteBuffer} to get the keys.
+   */
+  protected int keysCompare(Integer o1, Integer o2, ByteBuffer bb) { return 0; }
+
+  /**
+   * Compare two strings in the buffer.
+   *
+   * @param offset_1 An 'int' index of the first string into the bb.
+   * @param offset_2 An 'int' index of the second string into the bb.
+   * @param bb A {@code ByteBuffer} to get the strings.
+   */
+  protected static int compareStrings(int offset_1, int offset_2, ByteBuffer bb) {
+    offset_1 += bb.getInt(offset_1);
+    offset_2 += bb.getInt(offset_2);
+    int len_1 = bb.getInt(offset_1);
+    int len_2 = bb.getInt(offset_2);
+    int startPos_1 = offset_1 + SIZEOF_INT;
+    int startPos_2 = offset_2 + SIZEOF_INT;
+    int len = Math.min(len_1, len_2);
+    for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      if (bb.get(i + startPos_1) != bb.get(i + startPos_2))
+        return bb.get(i + startPos_1) - bb.get(i + startPos_2);
+    }
+    return len_1 - len_2;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compare string from the buffer with the 'String' object.
+   *
+   * @param offset_1 An 'int' index of the first string into the bb.
+   * @param key Second string as a byte array.
+   * @param bb A {@code ByteBuffer} to get the first string.
+   */
+  protected static int compareStrings(int offset_1, byte[] key, ByteBuffer bb) {
+    offset_1 += bb.getInt(offset_1);
+    int len_1 = bb.getInt(offset_1);
+    int len_2 = key.length;
+    int startPos_1 = offset_1 + Constants.SIZEOF_INT;
+    int len = Math.min(len_1, len_2);
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      if (bb.get(i + startPos_1) != key[i])
+        return bb.get(i + startPos_1) - key[i];
+    }
+    return len_1 - len_2;
+  }
 }
 
 /// @endcond

js/flatbuffers.js

@@ -2,6 +2,19 @@
 /// @addtogroup flatbuffers_javascript_api
 /// @{
 /// @cond FLATBUFFERS_INTERNAL
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ *
+ * Need to suppress 'global this' error so the Node.js export line doesn't cause
+ * closure compile to error out.
+ * @suppress {globalThis}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @namespace
+ */
 var flatbuffers = {};
 
 /**
@@ -71,8 +84,8 @@ flatbuffers.isLittleEndian = new Uint16Array(new Uint8Array([1, 0]).buffer)[0] =
 
 /**
  * @constructor
- * @param {number} high
  * @param {number} low
+ * @param {number} high
  */
 flatbuffers.Long = function(low, high) {
   /**
@@ -88,11 +101,21 @@ flatbuffers.Long = function(low, high) {
   this.high = high | 0;
 };
 
+/**
+ * @param {number} low
+ * @param {number} high
+ * @returns {flatbuffers.Long}
+ */
+flatbuffers.Long.create = function(low, high) {
+  // Special-case zero to avoid GC overhead for default values
+  return low == 0 && high == 0 ? flatbuffers.Long.ZERO : new flatbuffers.Long(low, high);
+};
+
 /**
  * @returns {number}
  */
 flatbuffers.Long.prototype.toFloat64 = function() {
-  return this.low + this.high * 0x100000000;
+  return (this.low >>> 0) + this.high * 0x100000000;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -115,11 +138,13 @@ flatbuffers.Long.ZERO = new flatbuffers.Long(0, 0);
  * Create a FlatBufferBuilder.
  *
  * @constructor
- * @param {number=} initial_size
+ * @param {number=} opt_initial_size
  */
-flatbuffers.Builder = function(initial_size) {
+flatbuffers.Builder = function(opt_initial_size) {
-  if (!initial_size) {
+  if (!opt_initial_size) {
-    initial_size = 1024;
+    var initial_size = 1024;
+  } else {
+    var initial_size = opt_initial_size;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -224,9 +249,8 @@ flatbuffers.Builder.prototype.dataBuffer = function() {
 };
 
 /**
- * Get the ByteBuffer representing the FlatBuffer. Only call this after you've
+ * Get the bytes representing the FlatBuffer. Only call this after you've
- * called finish(). The actual data starts at the ByteBuffer's current position,
+ * called finish().
- * not necessarily at 0.
  *
  * @returns {Uint8Array}
  */
@@ -515,6 +539,10 @@ flatbuffers.Builder.prototype.offset = function() {
  * @param {flatbuffers.ByteBuffer} bb The current buffer with the existing data
  * @returns {flatbuffers.ByteBuffer} A new byte buffer with the old data copied
  * to it. The data is located at the end of the buffer.
+ *
+ * uint8Array.set() formally takes {Array<number>|ArrayBufferView}, so to pass
+ * it a uint8Array we need to suppress the type check:
+ * @suppress {checkTypes}
  */
 flatbuffers.Builder.growByteBuffer = function(bb) {
   var old_buf_size = bb.capacity();
@@ -576,23 +604,28 @@ flatbuffers.Builder.prototype.endObject = function() {
   this.addInt32(0);
   var vtableloc = this.offset();
 
+  // Trim trailing zeroes.
+  var i = this.vtable_in_use - 1;
+  for (; i >= 0 && this.vtable[i] == 0; i--) {}
+  var trimmed_size = i + 1;
+
   // Write out the current vtable.
-  for (var i = this.vtable_in_use - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+  for (; i >= 0; i--) {
     // Offset relative to the start of the table.
     this.addInt16(this.vtable[i] != 0 ? vtableloc - this.vtable[i] : 0);
   }
 
   var standard_fields = 2; // The fields below:
   this.addInt16(vtableloc - this.object_start);
-  this.addInt16((this.vtable_in_use + standard_fields) * flatbuffers.SIZEOF_SHORT);
+  var len = (trimmed_size + standard_fields) * flatbuffers.SIZEOF_SHORT;
+  this.addInt16(len);
 
   // Search for an existing vtable that matches the current one.
   var existing_vtable = 0;
+  var vt1 = this.space;
 outer_loop:
-  for (var i = 0; i < this.vtables.length; i++) {
+  for (i = 0; i < this.vtables.length; i++) {
-    var vt1 = this.bb.capacity() - this.vtables[i];
+    var vt2 = this.bb.capacity() - this.vtables[i];
-    var vt2 = this.space;
-    var len = this.bb.readInt16(vt1);
     if (len == this.bb.readInt16(vt2)) {
       for (var j = flatbuffers.SIZEOF_SHORT; j < len; j += flatbuffers.SIZEOF_SHORT) {
         if (this.bb.readInt16(vt1 + j) != this.bb.readInt16(vt2 + j)) {
@@ -629,10 +662,11 @@ outer_loop:
  * Finalize a buffer, poiting to the given `root_table`.
  *
  * @param {flatbuffers.Offset} root_table
- * @param {string=} file_identifier
+ * @param {string=} opt_file_identifier
  */
-flatbuffers.Builder.prototype.finish = function(root_table, file_identifier) {
+flatbuffers.Builder.prototype.finish = function(root_table, opt_file_identifier) {
-  if (file_identifier) {
+  if (opt_file_identifier) {
+    var file_identifier = opt_file_identifier;
     this.prep(this.minalign, flatbuffers.SIZEOF_INT +
       flatbuffers.FILE_IDENTIFIER_LENGTH);
     if (file_identifier.length != flatbuffers.FILE_IDENTIFIER_LENGTH) {
@@ -751,6 +785,17 @@ flatbuffers.Builder.prototype.createString = function(s) {
   }
   return this.endVector();
 };
+
+/**
+ * A helper function to avoid generated code depending on this file directly.
+ *
+ * @param {number} low
+ * @param {number} high
+ * @returns {flatbuffers.Long}
+ */
+flatbuffers.Builder.prototype.createLong = function(low, high) {
+  return flatbuffers.Long.create(low, high);
+};
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /// @cond FLATBUFFERS_INTERNAL
 /**
@@ -904,9 +949,17 @@ flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.readFloat64 = function(offset) {
 
 /**
  * @param {number} offset
- * @param {number} value
+ * @param {number|boolean} value
  */
 flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.writeInt8 = function(offset, value) {
+  this.bytes_[offset] = /** @type {number} */(value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} offset
+ * @param {number} value
+ */
+flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.writeUint8 = function(offset, value) {
   this.bytes_[offset] = value;
 };
 
@@ -919,6 +972,15 @@ flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.writeInt16 = function(offset, value) {
   this.bytes_[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
 };
 
+/**
+ * @param {number} offset
+ * @param {number} value
+ */
+flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.writeUint16 = function(offset, value) {
+    this.bytes_[offset] = value;
+    this.bytes_[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
+};
+
 /**
  * @param {number} offset
  * @param {number} value
@@ -930,6 +992,17 @@ flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.writeInt32 = function(offset, value) {
   this.bytes_[offset + 3] = value >> 24;
 };
 
+/**
+ * @param {number} offset
+ * @param {number} value
+ */
+flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.writeUint32 = function(offset, value) {
+    this.bytes_[offset] = value;
+    this.bytes_[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
+    this.bytes_[offset + 2] = value >> 16;
+    this.bytes_[offset + 3] = value >> 24;
+};
+
 /**
  * @param {number} offset
  * @param {flatbuffers.Long} value
@@ -939,6 +1012,15 @@ flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.writeInt64 = function(offset, value) {
   this.writeInt32(offset + 4, value.high);
 };
 
+/**
+ * @param {number} offset
+ * @param {flatbuffers.Long} value
+ */
+flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.writeUint64 = function(offset, value) {
+    this.writeUint32(offset, value.low);
+    this.writeUint32(offset + 4, value.high);
+};
+
 /**
  * @param {number} offset
  * @param {number} value
@@ -994,10 +1076,10 @@ flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.__union = function(t, offset) {
  * FlatBuffer later on.
  *
  * @param {number} offset
- * @param {flatbuffers.Encoding=} optionalEncoding Defaults to UTF16_STRING
+ * @param {flatbuffers.Encoding=} opt_encoding Defaults to UTF16_STRING
  * @returns {string|Uint8Array}
  */
-flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.__string = function(offset, optionalEncoding) {
+flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.__string = function(offset, opt_encoding) {
   offset += this.readInt32(offset);
 
   var length = this.readInt32(offset);
@@ -1006,7 +1088,7 @@ flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.__string = function(offset, optionalEncoding) {
 
   offset += flatbuffers.SIZEOF_INT;
 
-  if (optionalEncoding === flatbuffers.Encoding.UTF8_BYTES) {
+  if (opt_encoding === flatbuffers.Encoding.UTF8_BYTES) {
     return this.bytes_.subarray(offset, offset + length);
   }
 
@@ -1101,6 +1183,17 @@ flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.__has_identifier = function(ident) {
   return true;
 };
 
+/**
+ * A helper function to avoid generated code depending on this file directly.
+ *
+ * @param {number} low
+ * @param {number} high
+ * @returns {flatbuffers.Long}
+ */
+flatbuffers.ByteBuffer.prototype.createLong = function(low, high) {
+  return flatbuffers.Long.create(low, high);
+};
+
 // Exports for Node.js and RequireJS
 this.flatbuffers = flatbuffers;
 

net/FlatBuffers/ByteBuffer.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/*
+/*
  * Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -14,7 +14,20 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-//#define UNSAFE_BYTEBUFFER  // uncomment this line to use faster ByteBuffer
+// There are 2 #defines that have an impact on performance of this ByteBuffer implementation
+//
+//      UNSAFE_BYTEBUFFER 
+//          This will use unsafe code to manipulate the underlying byte array. This
+//          can yield a reasonable performance increase.
+//
+//      BYTEBUFFER_NO_BOUNDS_CHECK
+//          This will disable the bounds check asserts to the byte array. This can
+//          yield a small performance gain in normal code..
+//
+// Using UNSAFE_BYTEBUFFER and BYTEBUFFER_NO_BOUNDS_CHECK together can yield a
+// performance gain of ~15% for some operations, however doing so is potentially 
+// dangerous. Do so at your own risk!
+//
 
 using System;
 
@@ -22,9 +35,6 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Class to mimic Java's ByteBuffer which is used heavily in Flatbuffers.
-    /// If your execution environment allows unsafe code, you should enable
-    /// unsafe code in your project and #define UNSAFE_BYTEBUFFER to use a
-    /// MUCH faster version of ByteBuffer.
     /// </summary>
     public class ByteBuffer
     {
@@ -126,12 +136,14 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
         }
 #endif // !UNSAFE_BYTEBUFFER
 
+
         private void AssertOffsetAndLength(int offset, int length)
         {
+            #if !BYTEBUFFER_NO_BOUNDS_CHECK
             if (offset < 0 ||
-                offset >= _buffer.Length ||
+                offset > _buffer.Length - length)
-                offset + length > _buffer.Length)
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
+            #endif
         }
 
         public void PutSbyte(int offset, sbyte value)
@@ -201,7 +213,6 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
         public unsafe void PutUlong(int offset, ulong value)
         {
             AssertOffsetAndLength(offset, sizeof(ulong));
-
             fixed (byte* ptr = _buffer)
             {
                 *(ulong*)(ptr + offset) = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian

net/FlatBuffers/FlatBufferBuilder.cs

@@ -296,6 +296,18 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
             return new VectorOffset(Offset);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a vector of tables.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="offsets">Offsets of the tables.</param>
+        public VectorOffset CreateVectorOfTables<T>(Offset<T>[] offsets) where T : struct
+        {
+            NotNested();
+            StartVector(sizeof(int), offsets.Length, sizeof(int));
+            for (int i = offsets.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--) AddOffset(offsets[i].Value);
+            return EndVector();
+        }
+
         /// @cond FLATBUFFERS_INTENRAL
         public void Nested(int obj)
         {
@@ -488,7 +500,11 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
             AddInt((int)0);
             var vtableloc = Offset;
             // Write out the current vtable.
-            for (int i = _vtableSize - 1; i >= 0 ; i--) {
+            int i = _vtableSize - 1;
+            // Trim trailing zeroes.
+            for (; i >= 0 && _vtable[i] == 0; i--) {}
+            int trimmedSize = i + 1;
+            for (; i >= 0 ; i--) {
                 // Offset relative to the start of the table.
                 short off = (short)(_vtable[i] != 0
                                         ? vtableloc - _vtable[i]
@@ -501,12 +517,12 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
 
             const int standardFields = 2; // The fields below:
             AddShort((short)(vtableloc - _objectStart));
-            AddShort((short)((_vtableSize + standardFields) *
+            AddShort((short)((trimmedSize + standardFields) *
                              sizeof(short)));
 
             // Search for an existing vtable that matches the current one.
             int existingVtable = 0;
-            for (int i = 0; i < _numVtables; i++) {
+            for (i = 0; i < _numVtables; i++) {
                 int vt1 = _bb.Length - _vtables[i];
                 int vt2 = _space;
                 short len = _bb.GetShort(vt1);
@@ -582,6 +598,8 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
         /// </summary>
         /// <remarks>
         /// This is typically only called after you call `Finish()`.
+        /// The actual data starts at the ByteBuffer's current position,
+        /// not necessarily at `0`.
         /// </remarks>
         /// <returns>
         /// Returns the ByteBuffer for this FlatBuffer.

net/FlatBuffers/FlatBufferConstants.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/*
+/*
  * Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

net/FlatBuffers/FlatBuffers.csproj

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
     <Compile Include="ByteBuffer.cs" />
     <Compile Include="FlatBufferBuilder.cs" />
     <Compile Include="FlatBufferConstants.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="IFlatbufferObject.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Offset.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Struct.cs" />

net/FlatBuffers/IFlatbufferObject.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+namespace FlatBuffers
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// This is the base for both structs and tables.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface IFlatbufferObject
+    {
+        void __init(int _i, ByteBuffer _bb);
+
+        ByteBuffer ByteBuffer { get; }
+    }
+}

net/FlatBuffers/Offset.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
     /// <summary>
     /// Offset class for typesafe assignments.
     /// </summary>
-    public struct Offset<T> where T : class
+    public struct Offset<T> where T : struct
     {
         public int Value;
         public Offset(int value)

net/FlatBuffers/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/*
+/*
  * Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 [assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")]
 [assembly: AssemblyCompany("")]
 [assembly: AssemblyProduct("FlatBuffers")]
-[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright ©  2015 Google Inc")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright (c) 2015 Google Inc")]
 [assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
 [assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]
 

net/FlatBuffers/Struct.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/*
+/*
  * Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
     /// <summary>
     /// All structs in the generated code derive from this class, and add their own accessors.
     /// </summary>
-    public abstract class Struct
+    public struct Struct
     {
-        protected int bb_pos;
+        public int bb_pos;
-        protected ByteBuffer bb;
+        public ByteBuffer bb;
     }
 }

net/FlatBuffers/Table.cs

@@ -20,31 +20,42 @@ using System.Text;
 namespace FlatBuffers
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// All tables in the generated code derive from this class, and add their own accessors.
+    /// All tables in the generated code derive from this struct, and add their own accessors.
     /// </summary>
-    public abstract class Table
+    public struct Table
     {
-        protected int bb_pos;
+        public int bb_pos;
-        protected ByteBuffer bb;
+        public ByteBuffer bb;
 
         public ByteBuffer ByteBuffer { get { return bb; } }
 
         // Look up a field in the vtable, return an offset into the object, or 0 if the field is not
         // present.
-        protected int __offset(int vtableOffset)
+        public int __offset(int vtableOffset)
         {
             int vtable = bb_pos - bb.GetInt(bb_pos);
             return vtableOffset < bb.GetShort(vtable) ? (int)bb.GetShort(vtable + vtableOffset) : 0;
         }
 
+        public static int __offset(int vtableOffset, int offset, ByteBuffer bb)
+        {
+            int vtable = bb.Length - offset;
+            return (int)bb.GetShort(vtable + vtableOffset - bb.GetInt(vtable)) + vtable;
+        }
+
         // Retrieve the relative offset stored at "offset"
-        protected int __indirect(int offset)
+        public int __indirect(int offset)
+        {
+            return offset + bb.GetInt(offset);
+        }
+
+        public static int __indirect(int offset, ByteBuffer bb)
         {
             return offset + bb.GetInt(offset);
         }
 
         // Create a .NET String from UTF-8 data stored inside the flatbuffer.
-        protected string __string(int offset)
+        public string __string(int offset)
         {
             offset += bb.GetInt(offset);
             var len = bb.GetInt(offset);
@@ -53,7 +64,7 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
         }
 
         // Get the length of a vector whose offset is stored at "offset" in this object.
-        protected int __vector_len(int offset)
+        public int __vector_len(int offset)
         {
             offset += bb_pos;
             offset += bb.GetInt(offset);
@@ -61,7 +72,7 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
         }
 
         // Get the start of data of a vector whose offset is stored at "offset" in this object.
-        protected int __vector(int offset)
+        public int __vector(int offset)
         {
             offset += bb_pos;
             return offset + bb.GetInt(offset) + sizeof(int);  // data starts after the length
@@ -70,7 +81,8 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
         // Get the data of a vector whoses offset is stored at "offset" in this object as an
         // ArraySegment&lt;byte&gt;. If the vector is not present in the ByteBuffer,
         // then a null value will be returned.
-        protected ArraySegment<byte>? __vector_as_arraysegment(int offset) {
+        public ArraySegment<byte>? __vector_as_arraysegment(int offset)
+        {
             var o = this.__offset(offset);
             if (0 == o)
             {
@@ -83,15 +95,15 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
         }
 
         // Initialize any Table-derived type to point to the union at the given offset.
-        protected TTable __union<TTable>(TTable t, int offset) where TTable : Table
+        public T __union<T>(int offset) where T : struct, IFlatbufferObject
         {
             offset += bb_pos;
-            t.bb_pos = offset + bb.GetInt(offset);
+            T t = new T();
-            t.bb = bb;
+            t.__init(offset + bb.GetInt(offset), bb);
             return t;
         }
 
-        protected static bool __has_identifier(ByteBuffer bb, string ident)
+        public static bool __has_identifier(ByteBuffer bb, string ident)
         {
             if (ident.Length != FlatBufferConstants.FileIdentifierLength)
                 throw new ArgumentException("FlatBuffers: file identifier must be length " + FlatBufferConstants.FileIdentifierLength, "ident");
@@ -104,6 +116,38 @@ namespace FlatBuffers
             return true;
         }
 
+        // Compare strings in the ByteBuffer.
+        public static int CompareStrings(int offset_1, int offset_2, ByteBuffer bb)
+        {
+            offset_1 += bb.GetInt(offset_1);
+            offset_2 += bb.GetInt(offset_2);
+            var len_1 = bb.GetInt(offset_1);
+            var len_2 = bb.GetInt(offset_2);
+            var startPos_1 = offset_1 + sizeof(int);
+            var startPos_2 = offset_2 + sizeof(int);
+            var len = Math.Min(len_1, len_2);
+            byte[] bbArray = bb.Data;
+            for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                if (bbArray[i + startPos_1] != bbArray[i + startPos_2])
+                    return bbArray[i + startPos_1] - bbArray[i + startPos_2];
+            }
+            return len_1 - len_2;
+        }
 
+        // Compare string from the ByteBuffer with the string object
+        public static int CompareStrings(int offset_1, byte[] key, ByteBuffer bb)
+        {
+            offset_1 += bb.GetInt(offset_1);
+            var len_1 = bb.GetInt(offset_1);
+            var len_2 = key.Length;
+            var startPos_1 = offset_1 + sizeof(int);
+            var len = Math.Min(len_1, len_2);
+            byte[] bbArray = bb.Data;
+            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                if (bbArray[i + startPos_1] != key[i])
+                    return bbArray[i + startPos_1] - key[i];
+            }
+            return len_1 - len_2;
+        }
     }
 }