Merge branch 'master' into ts-type-improvements

Copy the repo-root LICENSE into the Python package directory for the duration of setup() so license_files = LICENSE remains valid without using deprecated parent-directory paths.

Remove the staged copy after the build completes.

.bazelci/presubmit.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ tasks:
     bazel: ${{ bazel }}
     environment:
       CC: clang
-      SWIFT_VERSION: "5.9"
+      SWIFT_VERSION: "5.10"
       SWIFT_HOME: "$HOME/swift-$SWIFT_VERSION"
       PATH: "$PATH:$SWIFT_HOME/usr/bin"
     shell_commands:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ tasks:
     bazel: ${{ bazel }}
     environment:
       CC: clang
-      SWIFT_VERSION: "5.9"
+      SWIFT_VERSION: "5.10"
       SWIFT_HOME: "$HOME/swift-$SWIFT_VERSION"
       PATH: "$PATH:$SWIFT_HOME/usr/bin"
     shell_commands:

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Default owner
+* @dbaileychess derekbailey@google.com
+
+# Prevent modification of this file
+.github/CODEOWNERS @dbaileychess derekbailey@google.com

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -5,93 +5,133 @@
 #
 # See .github/workflows/label.yml for Github Action workflow script
 
-c#:
-  - '**/*.cs'
-  - net/**/*
-  - tests/FlatBuffers.Test/**/*
-  - tests/FlatBuffers.Benchmarks/**/*
-  - src/idl_gen_csharp.cpp
+"c#":
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.cs'
+      - 'net/**/*'
+      - 'tests/FlatBuffers.Test/**/*'
+      - 'tests/FlatBuffers.Benchmarks/**/*'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_csharp.cpp'
 
 swift:
-  - '**/*.swift'
-  - swift/**/*
-  - tests/swift/**
-  - src/idl_gen_swift.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.swift'
+      - 'swift/**/*'
+      - 'tests/swift/**'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_swift.cpp'
 
 nim:
-  - '**/*.nim'
-  - nim/**/*
-  - src/idl_gen_nim.cpp
-  - src/bfbs_gen_nim.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.nim'
+      - 'nim/**/*'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_nim.cpp'
+      - 'src/bfbs_gen_nim.cpp'
 
 javascript:
-  - '**/*.js'
-  - src/idl_gen_ts.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.js'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_ts.cpp'
 
 typescript:
-  - '**/*.ts'
-  - src/idl_gen_ts.cpp
-  - grpc/flatbuffers-js-grpc/**/*.ts
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.ts'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_ts.cpp'
+      - 'grpc/flatbuffers-js-grpc/**/*.ts'
 
 golang:
-  - '**/*.go'
-  - src/idl_gen_go.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.go'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_go.cpp'
 
 python:
-  - '**/*.py'
-  - src/idl_gen_python.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.py'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_python.cpp'
 
 java:
-  - '**/*.java'
-  - src/idl_gen_java.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.java'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_java.cpp'
 
 kotlin:
-  - '**/*.kt'
-  - src/idl_gen_kotlin.cpp
-  - src/idl_gen_kotlin_kmp.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.kt'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_kotlin.cpp'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_kotlin_kmp.cpp'
 
 lua:
-  - '**/*.lua'
-  - lua/**/*
-  - src/bfbs_gen_lua.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.lua'
+      - 'lua/**/*'
+      - 'src/bfbs_gen_lua.cpp'
 
 lobster:
-  - '**/*.lobster'
-  - src/idl_gen_lobster.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.lobster'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_lobster.cpp'
 
 php:
-  - '**/*.php'
-  - src/idl_gen_php.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.php'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_php.cpp'
 
 rust:
-  - '**/*.rs'
-  - rust/**/*
-  - src/idl_gen_rust.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.rs'
+      - 'rust/**/*'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_rust.cpp'
 
 dart:
-  - '**/*.dart'
-  - src/idl_gen_dart.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.dart'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_dart.cpp'
 
-c++:
-  - '**/*.cc'
-  - '**/*.cpp'
-  - '**/*.h'
+"c++":
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.cc'
+      - '**/*.cpp'
+      - '**/*.h'
 
 json:
-  - '**/*.json'
-  - src/idl_gen_json_schema.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '**/*.json'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_json_schema.cpp'
 
 codegen:
-  - src/**/*
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - 'src/**/*'
 
 documentation:
-  - docs/**/*
-  - '**/*.md'
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - 'docs/**/*'
+      - '**/*.md'
 
 CI:
-  - '.github/**/*'
-  - '.bazelci/**/*'
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - '.github/**/*'
+      - '.bazelci/**/*'
 
 grpc:
-  - grpc/**/*
-  - src/idl_gen_grpc.cpp
+  - changed-files:
+    - any-glob-to-any-file:
+      - 'grpc/**/*'
+      - 'src/idl_gen_grpc.cpp'

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
         cxx: [g++-13, clang++-18]
       fail-fast: false
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: cmake
       run: CXX=${{ matrix.cxx }} cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_STRICT_MODE=ON -DFLATBUFFERS_STATIC_FLATC=ON .
     - name: build
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
         chmod +x flatc
         ./flatc --version
     - name: upload build artifacts
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: Linux flatc binary ${{ matrix.cxx }}
         path: flatc
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
       if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
       run: zip Linux.flatc.binary.${{ matrix.cxx }}.zip flatc
     - name: Release zip file
-      uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+      uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
       if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
       with:
         files: Linux.flatc.binary.${{ matrix.cxx }}.zip
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Linux with -DFLATBUFFERS_NO_FILE_TESTS
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: cmake
       run: CXX=clang++-18 cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_STRICT_MODE=ON -DFLATBUFFERS_CXX_FLAGS="-DFLATBUFFERS_NO_FILE_TESTS" .
     - name: build
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Linux with out-of-source build location
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: make build directory
       run: mkdir build
     - name: cmake
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ jobs:
             std: 23
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: cmake
       run: >
         CXX=${{ matrix.cxx }} cmake -G "Unix Makefiles"
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ jobs:
         std: [11, 14, 17, 20, 23]
       fail-fast: false
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: Add msbuild to PATH
-      uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v1.1
+      uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v2
     - name: cmake
       run: >
         cmake -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
@@ -160,9 +160,9 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Windows 2022
     runs-on: windows-2022
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: Add msbuild to PATH
-      uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v1.1
+      uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v2
     - name: cmake
       run: cmake -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_CPP17=ON -DFLATBUFFERS_STRICT_MODE=ON .
     - name: build
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: test
       run: Release\flattests.exe
     - name: upload build artifacts
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: Windows flatc binary
         path: Release\flatc.exe
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ jobs:
       if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
       run: move Release/flatc.exe . && Compress-Archive flatc.exe Windows.flatc.binary.zip
     - name: Release binary
-      uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+      uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
       if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
       with:
         files: Windows.flatc.binary.zip
@@ -191,25 +191,24 @@ jobs:
 
   build-dotnet-windows:
     name: Build .NET Windows
-    runs-on: windows-2022-64core
+    runs-on: windows-2022
     strategy:
       matrix:
         configuration: [
           '',
           '-p:UnsafeByteBuffer=true',
-          # Fails two tests currently.
-          #'-p:EnableSpanT=true,UnsafeByteBuffer=true'
+          '-p:EnableSpanT=true,UnsafeByteBuffer=true'
           ]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: Setup .NET Core SDK
-      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4.2.0
+      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
       with:
         dotnet-version: '8.0.x'
     - name: Build
       run: |
         cd tests\FlatBuffers.Test
-        dotnet new sln --force --name FlatBuffers.Test
+        dotnet new sln --force --name FlatBuffers.Test --format sln
         dotnet sln FlatBuffers.Test.sln add FlatBuffers.Test.csproj
         dotnet build -c Release ${{matrix.configuration}} FlatBuffers.Test.sln
     - name: Run net6.0
@@ -228,9 +227,9 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       digests: ${{ steps.hash.outputs.hashes }}
     name: Build Mac (for Intel)
-    runs-on: macos-latest-large
+    runs-on: macos-15-intel
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: cmake
       run: cmake -G "Xcode" -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES="x86_64" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_STRICT_MODE=ON .
     - name: build
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@ jobs:
         chmod +x Release/flatc
         Release/flatc --version
     - name: upload build artifacts
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: Mac flatc binary Intel
         path: Release/flatc
@@ -256,7 +255,7 @@ jobs:
       if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
       run: mv Release/flatc . && zip MacIntel.flatc.binary.zip flatc
     - name: Release binary
-      uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+      uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
       if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
       with:
         files: MacIntel.flatc.binary.zip
@@ -273,7 +272,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Mac (universal build)
     runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: cmake
       run: cmake -G "Xcode" -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES="arm64;x86_64" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_STRICT_MODE=ON .
     - name: build
@@ -290,7 +289,7 @@ jobs:
         chmod +x Release/flatc
         Release/flatc --version
     - name: upload build artifacts
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: Mac flatc binary Universal
         path: Release/flatc
@@ -299,7 +298,7 @@ jobs:
       if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
       run: mv Release/flatc . && zip Mac.flatc.binary.zip flatc
     - name: Release binary
-      uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+      uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
       if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
       with:
         files: Mac.flatc.binary.zip
@@ -313,14 +312,14 @@ jobs:
    if: false #disabled due to continual failure
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-   - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+   - uses: actions/checkout@v6
    - name: set up Java
-     uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+     uses: actions/setup-java@v5
      with:
        distribution: temurin
        java-version: 17
    - name: set up Gradle
-     uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v4
+     uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v5
    - name: set up flatc
      run: |
        cmake -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATHASH=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_STRICT_MODE=ON .
@@ -337,7 +336,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         cxx: [g++-13, clang++-18]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: cmake
       run: CXX=${{ matrix.cxx }} cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_STRICT_MODE=ON . && make -j
     - name: Generate
@@ -349,9 +348,9 @@ jobs:
     name: Check Generated Code on Windows
     runs-on: windows-2022
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: Add msbuild to PATH
-      uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v1.1
+      uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v2
     - name: cmake
       run: cmake -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_CPP17=ON -DFLATBUFFERS_STRICT_MODE=ON .
     - name: build
@@ -368,13 +367,13 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         cxx: [g++-13]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: cmake
       run: CXX=${{ matrix.cxx }} cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DFLATBUFFERS_CXX_FLAGS="-Wno-unused-parameter -fno-aligned-new" -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_BENCHMARKS=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_STRICT_MODE=ON . && make -j
     - name: Run benchmarks
       run: ./flatbenchmark --benchmark_repetitions=5 --benchmark_display_aggregates_only=true --benchmark_out_format=console --benchmark_out=benchmarks/results_${{matrix.cxx}}
     - name: Upload benchmarks results
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: Linux flatbenchmark results ${{matrix.cxx}}
         path: benchmarks/results_${{matrix.cxx}}
@@ -383,31 +382,24 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Java
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: test
       working-directory: java
       run: mvn test
 
   build-kotlin-macos:
     name: Build Kotlin MacOS
-    runs-on: macos-13
+    runs-on: macos-15
     steps:
     - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      # Force Xcode 14.3 since Xcode 15 doesnt support older versions of
-      # kotlin. For Xcode 15, kotlin should be bumpped to 1.9.10
-      # https://stackoverflow.com/a/77150623
-      # For now, run with macos-13 which has this 14.3 installed:
-      # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/blob/main/images/macos/macos-13-Readme.md#xcode
-    - name: Set up Xcode version
-      run: sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode_14.3.app/Contents/Developer
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: set up Java
-      uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-java@v5
       with:
         distribution: temurin
         java-version: 17
     - name: set up Gradle
-      uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v4
+      uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v5
     - name: Build flatc
       run: |
        cmake -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATHASH=OFF .
@@ -423,14 +415,14 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
     - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: set up Java
-      uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-java@v5
       with:
         distribution: temurin
         java-version: 17
     - name: set up Gradle
-      uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v4
+      uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v5
     - name: Build flatc
       run: |
        cmake -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATHASH=OFF .
@@ -447,16 +439,16 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Rust Linux
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: test
       working-directory: tests
       run: bash RustTest.sh
 
   build-rust-windows:
     name: Build Rust Windows
-    runs-on: windows-2022-64core
+    runs-on: windows-2022
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: test
       working-directory: tests
       run: ./RustTest.bat
@@ -465,7 +457,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Python
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: flatc
       # FIXME: make test script not rely on flatc
       run: cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_INSTALL=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATHASH=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_STRICT_MODE=ON . && make -j
@@ -477,7 +469,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Go
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: flatc
       # FIXME: make test script not rely on flatc
       run: cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_INSTALL=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATHASH=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_STRICT_MODE=ON . && make -j
@@ -489,7 +481,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Build PHP
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-   - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+   - uses: actions/checkout@v6
    - name: flatc
      # FIXME: make test script not rely on flatc
      run: cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_INSTALL=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATHASH=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_STRICT_MODE=ON . && make -j
@@ -500,29 +492,26 @@ jobs:
        sh phpUnionVectorTest.sh
 
   build-swift:
-    name: Test Swift
+    name: Test Swift Linux
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        swift: ["5.9", "5.10", "6.1"]
-    # Only 22.04 has swift at the moment https://github.com/actions/runner-images/blob/main/images/ubuntu/Ubuntu2204-Readme.md?plain=1#L30
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+        swift: ["5.10", "6.1", "6.2"]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: vapor/swiftly-action@v0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: swift-actions/setup-swift@v2
       with:
-        toolchain: ${{ matrix.swift }}
+        swift-version: ${{ matrix.swift }}
     - name: Get swift version
       run: swift --version
     - name: test
-      run: |
-        swift build --build-tests
-        swift test
+      run: swift test
 
   build-swift-windows:
     name: Test swift windows
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - uses: SwiftyLab/setup-swift@latest
         with:
           swift-version: '6.1'
@@ -532,28 +521,31 @@ jobs:
   build-swift-wasm:
     name: Test Swift Wasm
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    container:
-      image: ghcr.io/swiftwasm/carton:0.20.1
     steps:
-       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-       - uses: bytecodealliance/actions/wasmtime/setup@v1
-       - uses: swiftwasm/setup-swiftwasm@v1
+       - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+       - uses: swift-actions/setup-swift@v2
          with:
-           swift-version: "wasm-6.0.2-RELEASE"
+           swift-version: 6.2.1
+       - uses: bytecodealliance/actions/wasmtime/setup@v1
+       - name: Install Swift SDK
+         run: swift sdk install https://download.swift.org/swift-6.2.1-release/wasm-sdk/swift-6.2.1-RELEASE/swift-6.2.1-RELEASE_wasm.artifactbundle.tar.gz --checksum 482b9f95462b87bedfafca94a092cf9ec4496671ca13b43745097122d20f18af
        - name: Test
          working-directory: tests/swift/Wasm.tests
-         run: swift run carton test
+         run: |
+           swift sdk list
+           swift build --build-tests --swift-sdk swift-6.2.1-RELEASE_wasm
+           wasmtime --dir . .build/wasm32-unknown-wasip1/debug/FlatBuffers.Test.Swift.WasmPackageTests.xctest
 
   build-ts:
     name: Build TS
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: flatc
       # FIXME: make test script not rely on flatc
       run: cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_INSTALL=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATHASH=OFF . && make -j
     - name: pnpm
-      run: npm install -g pnpm esbuild
+      run: npm install -g pnpm
     - name: deps
       run: pnpm i
     - name: compile
@@ -567,7 +559,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Dart
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - uses: dart-lang/setup-dart@v1
         with:
           sdk: stable
@@ -582,11 +574,11 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Nim
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: flatc
       # FIXME: make test script not rely on flatc
       run: cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_INSTALL=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATHASH=OFF . && make -j
-    - uses: jiro4989/setup-nim-action@v1
+    - uses: jiro4989/setup-nim-action@v2
     - name: install library
       working-directory: nim
       run: nimble -y develop && nimble install
@@ -598,12 +590,17 @@ jobs:
     name: Bazel
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      # Explicitly use 8.5.1 until we can update or https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13564 is fixed.
+      - name: Set env
+        run: >
+          echo "USE_BAZEL_VERSION=8.5.1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: bazel build
         run: >
           bazel build
           //:flatc
           //:flatbuffers
+          //tests:flatbuffers_test
       - name: bazel test
         run: >
           bazel test
@@ -640,8 +637,7 @@ jobs:
       actions: read   # To read the workflow path.
       id-token: write # To sign the provenance.
       contents: write # To add assets to a release.
-    uses: slsa-framework/slsa-github-generator/.github/workflows/generator_generic_slsa3.yml@v1.2.1
+    uses: slsa-framework/slsa-github-generator/.github/workflows/generator_generic_slsa3.yml@v2.1.0
     with:
       base64-subjects: "${{ needs.release-digests.outputs.digests }}"
       upload-assets: true # Optional: Upload to a new release
-      compile-generator: true # Workaround for https://github.com/slsa-framework/slsa-github-generator/issues/1163

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -16,16 +16,16 @@ jobs:
   deploy:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Configure Git Credentials
         run: |
           git config user.name github-actions[bot]
           git config user.email 41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: 3.x
       - run: echo "cache_id=$(date --utc '+%V')" >> $GITHUB_ENV 
-      - uses: actions/cache@v4
+      - uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           key: mkdocs-material-${{ env.cache_id }}
           path: .cache

.github/workflows/label.yml

@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/labeler@ee18d5d34efd9b4f7dafdb0e363cb688eb438044 # 4.1.0
+    - uses: actions/labeler@v6
       with:
         repo-token: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
        language: c++
        fuzz-seconds: 60
    - name: Upload Crash
-     uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+     uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
      if: failure() && steps.build.outcome == 'success'
      with:
        name: artifacts

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ jobs:
     name: Publish NPM
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: '20.x'
           registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
@@ -29,19 +29,19 @@ jobs:
       run:
         working-directory: ./python
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: '3.10'
 
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: |
           python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-          python3 -m pip install setuptools wheel twine
+          python3 -m pip install build twine
 
       - name: Build
         run: |
-          python3 setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
+          python3 -m build .
 
       - name: Upload to PyPi
         run: |
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ jobs:
       run:
         working-directory: ./net/flatbuffers
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
         with:
           dotnet-version: '8.0.x'
       - name: Build
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ jobs:
       run:
         working-directory: ./java
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up Maven Central Repository
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
         with:
           java-version: '11'
           distribution: 'adopt'
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ jobs:
       run:
         working-directory: ./kotlin
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Set up Maven Central Repository
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
         with:
           java-version: '11'
           distribution: 'adopt'
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Publish crates.io
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
         with:
           toolchain: stable

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/stale@v7.0.0
+    - uses: actions/stale@v10
       with:
         repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         operations-per-run: 500

.gitignore

@@ -156,4 +156,7 @@ kotlin/**/generated
 MODULE.bazel.lock
 
 # Ignore the generated docs
-docs/site
+docs/site
+
+# Ignore generated files
+*.fbs.h

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,12 +4,22 @@ All major or breaking changes will be documented in this file, as well as any
 new features that should be highlighted. Minor fixes or improvements are not
 necessarily listed.
 
+## [25.12.19] (December 19 2025)(https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/releases/tag/v25.12.19)
+
+* [C++] Default emptry vector support (#8870)
+* [C++] Add --gen-absl-hash option (#8868)
+* [Kotlin] Upgrade to MacOS 15 (#8845)
+* [C++] Fix vector of table with naked ptrs (#8830)
+* [Python] Optimize Offset/Pad/Prep (#8808)
+* Implement `--file-names-only` (#8788)
+* [C++] Fix size verifer (#8740)
+
 ## [25.9.23] (September 23 2025)(https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/releases/tag/v25.9.23)
 
 * flatc: `--grpc-callback-api` flag generates C++ gRPC Callback API server `CallbackService` skeletons AND client native callback/async stubs (unary + all streaming reactor forms) (opt-in, non-breaking, issue #8596).
 * Swift - Adds new API to reduce memory copying within swift (#8484)
 * Rust - Support Rust edition 2024 (#8638)
-# [:C++] - Use the Google Style for clang-format without exceptions (#8706)
+* [C++] - Use the Google Style for clang-format without exceptions (#8706)
 
 ## [25.2.10] (February 10 2025)(https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/releases/tag/v25.2.10)
 

CMake/BuildFlatBuffers.cmake

@@ -305,8 +305,7 @@ function(flatbuffers_generate_headers)
       ${FLATBUFFERS_GENERATE_HEADERS_SCHEMAS})
   add_dependencies(
     ${FLATBUFFERS_GENERATE_HEADERS_TARGET}
-    ${FLATC}
-    ${FLATBUFFERS_GENERATE_HEADERS_SCHEMAS})
+    ${FLATC_TARGET})
   target_include_directories(
     ${FLATBUFFERS_GENERATE_HEADERS_TARGET}
     INTERFACE ${generated_target_dir})

CMake/Version.cmake

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 set(VERSION_MAJOR 25)
-set(VERSION_MINOR 9)
-set(VERSION_PATCH 23)
+set(VERSION_MINOR 12)
+set(VERSION_PATCH 19)
 set(VERSION_COMMIT 0)
 
 if(EXISTS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/.git")

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -147,6 +147,8 @@ set(FlatBuffers_Library_SRCS
   include/flatbuffers/vector.h
   include/flatbuffers/vector_downward.h
   include/flatbuffers/verifier.h
+  src/file_manager.cpp
+  src/file_name_manager.cpp
   src/idl_parser.cpp
   src/idl_gen_text.cpp
   src/reflection.cpp
@@ -173,9 +175,6 @@ set(FlatBuffers_Compiler_SRCS
   src/idl_gen_grpc.cpp
   src/idl_gen_json_schema.cpp
   src/idl_gen_swift.cpp
-  src/file_name_saving_file_manager.cpp
-  src/file_binary_writer.cpp
-  src/file_writer.cpp
   src/idl_namer.h
   src/namer.h
   src/flatc.cpp
@@ -219,6 +218,8 @@ set(FlatHash_SRCS
 set(FlatBuffers_Tests_SRCS
   ${FlatBuffers_Library_SRCS}
   src/idl_gen_fbs.cpp
+  tests/default_vectors_strings_test.cpp
+  tests/default_vectors_strings_test.h
   tests/evolution_test.cpp
   tests/flexbuffers_test.cpp
   tests/fuzz_test.cpp
@@ -235,6 +236,8 @@ set(FlatBuffers_Tests_SRCS
   tests/test_builder.h
   tests/test_builder.cpp
   tests/util_test.cpp
+  tests/vector_table_naked_ptr_test.h
+  tests/vector_table_naked_ptr_test.cpp
   tests/native_type_test_impl.h
   tests/native_type_test_impl.cpp
   tests/alignment_test.h
@@ -495,28 +498,34 @@ if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_SHAREDLIB)
   endif()
 endif()
 
-function(compile_schema SRC_FBS OPT OUT_GEN_FILE) 
+function(compile_schema SRC_FBS OPT SUFFIX OUT_GEN_FILE) 
   get_filename_component(SRC_FBS_DIR ${SRC_FBS} PATH)
-  string(REGEX REPLACE "\\.fbs$" "_generated.h" GEN_HEADER ${SRC_FBS})
+  string(REGEX REPLACE "\\.fbs$" "${SUFFIX}.h" GEN_HEADER ${SRC_FBS})
   add_custom_command(
     OUTPUT ${GEN_HEADER}
     COMMAND "${FLATBUFFERS_FLATC_EXECUTABLE}"
       ${OPT}
+      --filename-suffix ${SUFFIX}
       -o "${SRC_FBS_DIR}"
       "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${SRC_FBS}"
     DEPENDS flatc ${SRC_FBS}
     COMMENT "flatc generation: `${SRC_FBS}` -> `${GEN_HEADER}`"
-    )
+  )
   set(${OUT_GEN_FILE} ${GEN_HEADER} PARENT_SCOPE)
 endfunction()
 
 function(compile_schema_for_test SRC_FBS OPT)
-  compile_schema("${SRC_FBS}" "${OPT}" GEN_FILE)
+  compile_schema("${SRC_FBS}" "${OPT}" "_generated" GEN_FILE)
+  target_sources(flattests PRIVATE ${GEN_FILE})
+endfunction()
+
+function(compile_schema_for_test_fbsh SRC_FBS OPT)
+  compile_schema("${SRC_FBS}" "${OPT}" ".fbs" GEN_FILE)
   target_sources(flattests PRIVATE ${GEN_FILE})
 endfunction()
 
 function(compile_schema_for_samples SRC_FBS OPT)
-  compile_schema("${SRC_FBS}" "${OPT}" GEN_FILE)
+  compile_schema("${SRC_FBS}" "${OPT}" "_generated" GEN_FILE)
   target_sources(flatsample PRIVATE ${GEN_FILE})
 endfunction()
 
@@ -537,19 +546,20 @@ if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS)
   add_definitions(-DFLATBUFFERS_TEST_PATH_PREFIX=${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/)
 
   # The flattest target needs some generated files
-  SET(FLATC_OPT --cpp --gen-mutable --gen-object-api --reflect-names)
-  SET(FLATC_OPT_COMP ${FLATC_OPT};--gen-compare)
+  SET(FLATC_OPT_COMP --cpp --gen-compare --gen-mutable --gen-object-api --reflect-names)
   SET(FLATC_OPT_SCOPED_ENUMS ${FLATC_OPT_COMP};--scoped-enums)
 
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/alignment_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
+  compile_schema_for_test_fbsh(tests/default_vectors_strings_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/arrays_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_SCOPED_ENUMS}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/native_inline_table_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
-  compile_schema_for_test(tests/native_type_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT}")
+  compile_schema_for_test(tests/native_type_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/key_field/key_field_sample.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/64bit/test_64bit.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP};--bfbs-gen-embed")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/64bit/evolution/v1.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/64bit/evolution/v2.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/union_underlying_type_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_SCOPED_ENUMS}")
+  compile_schema_for_test(tests/cross_namespace_pack_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
 
   if(FLATBUFFERS_CODE_SANITIZE)
     add_fsanitize_to_target(flattests ${FLATBUFFERS_CODE_SANITIZE})
@@ -571,8 +581,6 @@ if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS)
 
   # Since flatsample has no sources, we have to explicitly set the linker lang.
   set_target_properties(flatsample PROPERTIES LINKER_LANGUAGE CXX)
-  
-  compile_schema_for_samples(samples/monster.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
 
   target_link_libraries(flatsamplebinary PRIVATE $<BUILD_INTERFACE:ProjectConfig> flatsample)
   target_link_libraries(flatsampletext PRIVATE $<BUILD_INTERFACE:ProjectConfig> flatsample)

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Some tips for good pull requests:
 * Write a descriptive commit message. What problem are you solving and what
   are the consequences? Where and what did you test? Some good tips:
   [here](http://robots.thoughtbot.com/5-useful-tips-for-a-better-commit-message)
-  and [here](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/SubmittingPatches).
+  and [here](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst).
 * If your PR consists of multiple commits which are successive improvements /
   fixes to your first commit, consider squashing them into a single commit
   (`git rebase -i`) such that your PR is a single commit on top of the current

FlatBuffers.podspec

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Pod::Spec.new do |s|
   s.name             = 'FlatBuffers'
-  s.version          = '25.9.23'
+  s.version          = '25.12.19'
   s.summary          = 'FlatBuffers: Memory Efficient Serialization Library'
 
   s.description      = "FlatBuffers is a cross platform serialization library architected for
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Pod::Spec.new do |s|
   s.ios.deployment_target = '11.0'
   s.osx.deployment_target = '10.14'
 
-  s.swift_version = '5.0'
+  s.swift_version = '5.10'
   s.source_files = 'swift/Sources/Flatbuffers/*.swift'
   s.pod_target_xcconfig = {
     'BUILD_LIBRARY_FOR_DISTRIBUTION' => 'YES'

Formatters.md

@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ Swift uses swiftformat as it's formatter. Take a look at [how to install here](h
 
 ## Typescript
 
-Typescript uses eslint as it's linter. Take a look at [how to install here](https://eslint.org/docs/user-guide/getting-started). Run the following command `eslint ts/** --ext .ts` in the root directory of the project
+Typescript uses eslint as it's linter. Take a look at [how to install here](https://eslint.org/docs/user-guide/getting-started). Run the following command `eslint ts/** --ext .ts` in the root directory of the project

MODULE.bazel

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 module(
     name = "flatbuffers",
-    version = "25.9.23",
+    version = "25.12.19",
     compatibility_level = 1,
     repo_name = "com_github_google_flatbuffers",
 )
 
 bazel_dep(
     name = "aspect_bazel_lib",
-    version = "2.11.0",
+    version = "2.14.0",
 )
 bazel_dep(
     name = "aspect_rules_esbuild",
@@ -23,16 +23,16 @@ bazel_dep(
 )
 bazel_dep(
     name = "grpc",
-    version = "1.70.1",
+    version = "1.76.0",
     repo_name = "com_github_grpc_grpc",
 )
 bazel_dep(
     name = "platforms",
-    version = "0.0.10",
+    version = "0.0.11",
 )
 bazel_dep(
     name = "rules_cc",
-    version = "0.0.16",
+    version = "0.1.1",
 )
 bazel_dep(
     name = "rules_go",
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ bazel_dep(
 )
 bazel_dep(
     name = "rules_swift",
-    version = "2.1.1",
+    version = "3.1.2",
+    max_compatibility_level = 3,
     repo_name = "build_bazel_rules_swift",
 )
 bazel_dep(
@@ -62,9 +63,6 @@ npm.npm_translate_lock(
     name = "flatbuffers_npm",
     npmrc = "//:.npmrc",
     pnpm_lock = "//ts:pnpm-lock.yaml",
-    # Override the Bazel package where pnpm-lock.yaml is located and link
-    # to the specified package instead.
-    root_package = "ts",
     verify_node_modules_ignored = "//:.bazelignore",
 )
 use_repo(npm, "flatbuffers_npm")
@@ -72,6 +70,6 @@ use_repo(npm, "flatbuffers_npm")
 node = use_extension("@rules_nodejs//nodejs:extensions.bzl", "node")
 use_repo(node, "nodejs_linux_amd64")
 
-rules_ts_ext = use_extension("@aspect_rules_ts//ts:extensions.bzl", "ext")
+rules_ts_ext = use_extension("@aspect_rules_ts//ts:extensions.bzl", "ext", dev_dependency = True)
 rules_ts_ext.deps()
 use_repo(rules_ts_ext, "npm_typescript")

Package.swift

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// swift-tools-version:5.9
+// swift-tools-version:5.10
 /*
  * Copyright 2020 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ let package = Package(
 extension Array where Element == Package.Dependency {
   static var dependencies: [Package.Dependency] {
     #if os(Windows)
-      []
+    []
     #else
-      // Test only Dependency
-      [.package(url: "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift.git", from: "1.4.1")]
+    // Test only Dependency
+    [.package(url: "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift.git", from: "1.4.1")]
     #endif
   }
 }
@@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ extension Array where Element == Package.Dependency {
 extension Array where Element == PackageDescription.Target.Dependency {
   static var dependencies: [PackageDescription.Target.Dependency] {
     #if os(Windows)
-      ["FlatBuffers"]
+    ["FlatBuffers"]
     #else
-      // Test only Dependency
-      [
-        .product(name: "GRPC", package: "grpc-swift"),
-        "FlatBuffers",
-      ]
+    // Test only Dependency
+    [
+      .product(name: "GRPC", package: "grpc-swift"),
+      "FlatBuffers",
+    ]
     #endif
   }
 }

README.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ maximum memory efficiency. It allows you to directly access serialized data with
     ```
     ./flatc --cpp --rust monster.fbs
     ```
-    
+
     Which generates `monster_generated.h` and `monster_generated.rs` files.
 
 4. Serialize data
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ maximum memory efficiency. It allows you to directly access serialized data with
 6. Read the data
 
     Use the generated accessors to read the data from the serialized buffer.
-    
+
     It doesn't need to be the same language/schema version, FlatBuffers ensures the data is readable across languages and schema versions. See the [`Rust` example](https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/blob/master/samples/sample_binary.rs#L92-L106) reading the data written by `C++`.
 
 ## Documentation

android/app/proguard-rules.pro

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-# Add project specific ProGuard rules here.
-# You can control the set of applied configuration files using the
-# proguardFiles setting in build.gradle.
-#
-# For more details, see
-#   http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/proguard.html
-
-# If your project uses WebView with JS, uncomment the following
-# and specify the fully qualified class name to the JavaScript interface
-# class:
-#-keepclassmembers class fqcn.of.javascript.interface.for.webview {
-#   public *;
-#}
-
-# Uncomment this to preserve the line number information for
-# debugging stack traces.
-#-keepattributes SourceFile,LineNumberTable
-
-# If you keep the line number information, uncomment this to
-# hide the original source file name.
-#-renamesourcefileattribute SourceFile

android/app/src/main/cpp/animals.cpp

@@ -15,25 +15,27 @@
  */
 
 #include <jni.h>
-#include <string>
 #include <search.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
 #include "generated/animal_generated.h"
 
 using namespace com::fbs::app;
 using namespace flatbuffers;
 
-extern "C" JNIEXPORT jbyteArray JNICALL Java_com_flatbuffers_app_MainActivity_createAnimalFromJNI(
-        JNIEnv* env,
-        jobject /* this */) {
-    // create a new animal flatbuffers
-    auto fb = FlatBufferBuilder(1024);
-    auto tiger = CreateAnimalDirect(fb, "Tiger", "Roar", 300);
-    fb.Finish(tiger);
+extern "C" JNIEXPORT jbyteArray JNICALL
+Java_com_flatbuffers_app_MainActivity_createAnimalFromJNI(JNIEnv* env,
+                                                          jobject /* this */) {
+  // create a new animal flatbuffers
+  auto fb = FlatBufferBuilder(1024);
+  auto tiger = CreateAnimalDirect(fb, "Tiger", "Roar", 300);
+  fb.Finish(tiger);
 
-    // copies it to a Java byte array.
-    auto buf = reinterpret_cast<jbyte*>(fb.GetBufferPointer());
-    int size = fb.GetSize();
-    auto ret = env->NewByteArray(size);
-    env->SetByteArrayRegion (ret, 0, fb.GetSize(), buf);
+  // copies it to a Java byte array.
+  auto buf = reinterpret_cast<jbyte*>(fb.GetBufferPointer());
+  int size = fb.GetSize();
+  auto ret = env->NewByteArray(size);
+  env->SetByteArrayRegion(ret, 0, fb.GetSize(), buf);
   return ret;
 }

android/app/src/main/java/generated/com/fbs/app/Animal.kt

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class Animal : Table() {
     }
 
   companion object {
-    fun validateVersion() = Constants.FLATBUFFERS_25_9_23()
+    fun validateVersion() = Constants.FLATBUFFERS_25_12_19()
 
     fun getRootAsAnimal(_bb: ByteBuffer): Animal = getRootAsAnimal(_bb, Animal())
 

benchmarks/cpp/benchmark_main.cpp

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 #include "benchmarks/cpp/flatbuffers/fb_bench.h"
 #include "benchmarks/cpp/raw/raw_bench.h"
 
-static inline void Encode(benchmark::State &state,
-                          std::unique_ptr<Bench> &bench, uint8_t *buffer) {
+static inline void Encode(benchmark::State& state,
+                          std::unique_ptr<Bench>& bench, uint8_t* buffer) {
   int64_t length;
   for (auto _ : state) {
     bench->Encode(buffer, length);
@@ -14,31 +14,33 @@ static inline void Encode(benchmark::State &state,
   }
 }
 
-static inline void Decode(benchmark::State &state,
-                          std::unique_ptr<Bench> &bench, uint8_t *buffer) {
+static inline void Decode(benchmark::State& state,
+                          std::unique_ptr<Bench>& bench, uint8_t* buffer) {
   int64_t length;
-  uint8_t *encoded = bench->Encode(buffer, length);
+  uint8_t* encoded = bench->Encode(buffer, length);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
-    void *decoded = bench->Decode(encoded, length);
+    void* decoded = bench->Decode(encoded, length);
     benchmark::DoNotOptimize(decoded);
   }
 }
 
-static inline void Use(benchmark::State &state, std::unique_ptr<Bench> &bench,
-                       uint8_t *buffer, int64_t check_sum) {
+static inline void Use(benchmark::State& state, std::unique_ptr<Bench>& bench,
+                       uint8_t* buffer, int64_t check_sum) {
   int64_t length;
-  uint8_t *encoded = bench->Encode(buffer, length);
-  void *decoded = bench->Decode(encoded, length);
+  uint8_t* encoded = bench->Encode(buffer, length);
+  void* decoded = bench->Decode(encoded, length);
 
   int64_t sum = 0;
 
-  for (auto _ : state) { sum = bench->Use(decoded); }
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    sum = bench->Use(decoded);
+  }
 
   EXPECT_EQ(sum, check_sum);
 }
 
-static void BM_Flatbuffers_Encode(benchmark::State &state) {
+static void BM_Flatbuffers_Encode(benchmark::State& state) {
   const int64_t kBufferLength = 1024;
   uint8_t buffer[kBufferLength];
 
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ static void BM_Flatbuffers_Encode(benchmark::State &state) {
 }
 BENCHMARK(BM_Flatbuffers_Encode);
 
-static void BM_Flatbuffers_Decode(benchmark::State &state) {
+static void BM_Flatbuffers_Decode(benchmark::State& state) {
   const int64_t kBufferLength = 1024;
   uint8_t buffer[kBufferLength];
 
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ static void BM_Flatbuffers_Decode(benchmark::State &state) {
 }
 BENCHMARK(BM_Flatbuffers_Decode);
 
-static void BM_Flatbuffers_Use(benchmark::State &state) {
+static void BM_Flatbuffers_Use(benchmark::State& state) {
   const int64_t kBufferLength = 1024;
   uint8_t buffer[kBufferLength];
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ static void BM_Flatbuffers_Use(benchmark::State &state) {
 }
 BENCHMARK(BM_Flatbuffers_Use);
 
-static void BM_Raw_Encode(benchmark::State &state) {
+static void BM_Raw_Encode(benchmark::State& state) {
   const int64_t kBufferLength = 1024;
   uint8_t buffer[kBufferLength];
 
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ static void BM_Raw_Encode(benchmark::State &state) {
 }
 BENCHMARK(BM_Raw_Encode);
 
-static void BM_Raw_Decode(benchmark::State &state) {
+static void BM_Raw_Decode(benchmark::State& state) {
   const int64_t kBufferLength = 1024;
   uint8_t buffer[kBufferLength];
 
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ static void BM_Raw_Decode(benchmark::State &state) {
 }
 BENCHMARK(BM_Raw_Decode);
 
-static void BM_Raw_Use(benchmark::State &state) {
+static void BM_Raw_Use(benchmark::State& state) {
   const int64_t kBufferLength = 1024;
   uint8_t buffer[kBufferLength];
 

benchmarks/cpp/flatbuffers/fb_bench.cpp

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ using namespace benchmarks_flatbuffers;
 namespace {
 
 struct FlatBufferBench : Bench {
-  explicit FlatBufferBench(int64_t initial_size, Allocator *allocator)
+  explicit FlatBufferBench(int64_t initial_size, Allocator* allocator)
       : fbb(initial_size, allocator, false) {}
 
-  uint8_t *Encode(void *, int64_t &len) override {
+  uint8_t* Encode(void*, int64_t& len) override {
     fbb.Clear();
 
     const int kVectorLength = 3;
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ struct FlatBufferBench : Bench {
     return fbb.GetBufferPointer();
   }
 
-  int64_t Use(void *decoded) override {
+  int64_t Use(void* decoded) override {
     sum = 0;
     auto foobarcontainer = GetFooBarContainer(decoded);
     sum = 0;
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ struct FlatBufferBench : Bench {
       Add(static_cast<int64_t>(bar->ratio()));
       Add(bar->size());
       Add(bar->time());
-      auto &foo = bar->parent();
+      auto& foo = bar->parent();
       Add(foo.count());
       Add(foo.id());
       Add(foo.length());
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ struct FlatBufferBench : Bench {
     return sum;
   }
 
-  void *Decode(void *buffer, int64_t) override { return buffer; }
-  void Dealloc(void *) override {};
+  void* Decode(void* buffer, int64_t) override { return buffer; }
+  void Dealloc(void*) override {};
 
   FlatBufferBuilder fbb;
 };
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ struct FlatBufferBench : Bench {
 }  // namespace
 
 std::unique_ptr<Bench> NewFlatBuffersBench(int64_t initial_size,
-                                           Allocator *allocator) {
+                                           Allocator* allocator) {
   return std::unique_ptr<FlatBufferBench>(
       new FlatBufferBench(initial_size, allocator));
 }

benchmarks/cpp/raw/raw_bench.cpp

@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ struct FooBarContainer {
 };
 
 struct RawBench : Bench {
-  uint8_t *Encode(void *buf, int64_t &len) override {
-    FooBarContainer *fbc = new (buf) FooBarContainer;
+  uint8_t* Encode(void* buf, int64_t& len) override {
+    FooBarContainer* fbc = new (buf) FooBarContainer;
     strcpy(fbc->location, "http://google.com/flatbuffers/");  // Unsafe eek!
     fbc->location_len = (int)strlen(fbc->location);
     fbc->fruit = Bananas;
@@ -54,16 +54,16 @@ struct RawBench : Bench {
     for (int i = 0; i < kVectorLength; i++) {
       // We add + i to not make these identical copies for a more realistic
       // compression test.
-      auto &foobar = fbc->list[i];
+      auto& foobar = fbc->list[i];
       foobar.rating = 3.1415432432445543543 + i;
       foobar.postfix = '!' + i;
       strcpy(foobar.name, "Hello, World!");
       foobar.name_len = (int)strlen(foobar.name);
-      auto &bar = foobar.sibling;
+      auto& bar = foobar.sibling;
       bar.ratio = 3.14159f + i;
       bar.size = 10000 + i;
       bar.time = 123456 + i;
-      auto &foo = bar.parent;
+      auto& foo = bar.parent;
       foo.id = 0xABADCAFEABADCAFE + i;
       foo.count = 10000 + i;
       foo.length = 1000000 + i;
@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ struct RawBench : Bench {
     }
 
     len = sizeof(FooBarContainer);
-    return reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(fbc);
+    return reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(fbc);
   };
 
-  int64_t Use(void *decoded) override {
-    auto foobarcontainer = reinterpret_cast<FooBarContainer *>(decoded);
+  int64_t Use(void* decoded) override {
+    auto foobarcontainer = reinterpret_cast<FooBarContainer*>(decoded);
     sum = 0;
     Add(foobarcontainer->initialized);
     Add(foobarcontainer->location_len);
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ struct RawBench : Bench {
       Add(static_cast<int64_t>(bar->ratio));
       Add(bar->size);
       Add(bar->time);
-      auto &foo = bar->parent;
+      auto& foo = bar->parent;
       Add(foo.count);
       Add(foo.id);
       Add(foo.length);
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ struct RawBench : Bench {
     return sum;
   }
 
-  void *Decode(void *buf, int64_t) override { return buf; }
-  void Dealloc(void *) override{};
+  void* Decode(void* buf, int64_t) override { return buf; }
+  void Dealloc(void*) override {};
 };
 
 }  // namespace

benchmarks/swift/Benchmarks/FlatbuffersBenchmarks/FlatbuffersBenchmarks.swift

@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ let benchmarks = {
 
   Benchmark(
     "Allocating ByteBuffer 1GB",
-    configuration: singleConfiguration
-  ) { benchmark in
+    configuration: singleConfiguration)
+  { benchmark in
     let memory = UnsafeMutableRawPointer.allocate(
       byteCount: 1_024_000_000,
       alignment: 1)
@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ let benchmarks = {
 
   Benchmark(
     "FlatBufferBuilder Add",
-    configuration: kiloConfiguration
-  ) { benchmark in
+    configuration: kiloConfiguration)
+  { benchmark in
     var fb = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 1024 * 1024 * 32)
     benchmark.startMeasurement()
     for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
@@ -182,8 +182,8 @@ let benchmarks = {
 
   Benchmark(
     "FlatBufferBuilder Start table",
-    configuration: kiloConfiguration
-  ) { benchmark in
+    configuration: kiloConfiguration)
+  { benchmark in
     var fb = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 1024 * 1024 * 32)
     benchmark.startMeasurement()
     for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {

benchmarks/swift/Package.swift

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// swift-tools-version:5.9
+// swift-tools-version:5.10
 /*
  * Copyright 2020 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import PackageDescription
 let package = Package(
   name: "benchmarks",
   platforms: [
-    .macOS(.v13)
+    .macOS(.v13),
   ],
   dependencies: [
     .package(path: "../.."),
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ let package = Package(
       ],
       path: "Benchmarks/FlatbuffersBenchmarks",
       plugins: [
-        .plugin(name: "BenchmarkPlugin", package: "package-benchmark")
-      ])
+        .plugin(name: "BenchmarkPlugin", package: "package-benchmark"),
+      ]),
   ])

benchmarks/swift/README.md

@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ To open the benchmarks in xcode use:
 
 or running them directly within terminal using:
 
-`swift package benchmark`
+`swift package benchmark`

build_defs.bzl

@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ def flatbuffer_cc_library(
         visibility = None,
         compatible_with = None,
         restricted_to = None,
+        filename_suffix = "_generated",
         target_compatible_with = None,
         srcs_filegroup_visibility = None,
         gen_reflections = False):
@@ -230,10 +231,13 @@ def flatbuffer_cc_library(
       Fileset([name]_reflection): (Optional) all generated reflection binaries.
       cc_library([name]): library with sources and flatbuffers deps.
     """
-    output_headers = [
-        (out_prefix + "%s_generated.h") % (s.replace(".fbs", "").split("/")[-1].split(":")[-1])
-        for s in srcs
-    ]
+
+    output_headers = []
+    for s in srcs:
+        base_name = s.split("/")[-1].split(":")[-1].replace(".fbs", "")
+        header = out_prefix + base_name + filename_suffix + ".h"
+        output_headers.append(header)
+
     if deps and includes:
         # There is no inherent reason we couldn't support both, but this discourages
         # use of includes without good reason.

conan/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
-
-message(STATUS "Conan FlatBuffers Wrapper")
-
-include(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/conanbuildinfo.cmake)
-conan_basic_setup()
-
-if (WIN32 AND MSVC_LIKE AND FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_SHAREDLIB)
-    set(CMAKE_WINDOWS_EXPORT_ALL_SYMBOLS ON)
-endif(WIN32 AND MSVC_LIKE AND FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_SHAREDLIB)
-
-include(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/CMakeListsOriginal.txt)

conan/build.py

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-import os
-import re
-import subprocess
-from cpt.packager import ConanMultiPackager
-
-
-def get_branch():
-  try:
-    for line in (
-        subprocess.check_output("git branch", shell=True).decode().splitlines()
-    ):
-      line = line.strip()
-      if line.startswith("*") and " (HEAD detached" not in line:
-        return line.replace("*", "", 1).strip()
-    return ""
-  except Exception:
-    pass
-  return ""
-
-
-def get_version():
-  version = get_branch()
-  match = re.search(r"v(\d+\.\d+\.\d+.*)", version)
-  if match:
-    return match.group(1)
-  return version
-
-
-def get_reference(username):
-  return "flatbuffers/{}@google/stable".format(get_version())
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-  login_username = os.getenv("CONAN_LOGIN_USERNAME", "aardappel")
-  username = os.getenv("CONAN_USERNAME", "google")
-  upload = os.getenv(
-      "CONAN_UPLOAD", "https://api.bintray.com/conan/aardappel/flatbuffers"
-  )
-  stable_branch_pattern = os.getenv(
-      "CONAN_STABLE_BRANCH_PATTERN", r"v\d+\.\d+\.\d+.*"
-  )
-  test_folder = os.getenv(
-      "CPT_TEST_FOLDER", os.path.join("conan", "test_package")
-  )
-  upload_only_when_stable = os.getenv("CONAN_UPLOAD_ONLY_WHEN_STABLE", True)
-
-  builder = ConanMultiPackager(
-      reference=get_reference(username),
-      username=username,
-      login_username=login_username,
-      upload=upload,
-      stable_branch_pattern=stable_branch_pattern,
-      upload_only_when_stable=upload_only_when_stable,
-      test_folder=test_folder,
-  )
-  builder.add_common_builds(pure_c=False)
-  builder.run()

conan/test_package/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-project(test_package CXX)
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.11)
-
-include(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/conanbuildinfo.cmake)
-conan_basic_setup()
-
-add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} test_package.cpp)
-target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${CONAN_LIBS})
-set_property(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 11)

conan/test_package/conanfile.py

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-import os
-from conans import CMake, ConanFile
-
-
-class TestPackageConan(ConanFile):
-  settings = "os", "compiler", "build_type", "arch"
-  generators = "cmake"
-
-  def build(self):
-    cmake = CMake(self)
-    cmake.configure()
-    cmake.build()
-
-  def test(self):
-    bin_path = os.path.join("bin", "test_package")
-    self.run(bin_path, run_environment=True)
-    self.run("flatc --version", run_environment=True)
-    self.run("flathash fnv1_16 conan", run_environment=True)

conan/test_package/test_package.cpp

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2018 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <iostream>
-#include "flatbuffers/util.h"
-
-// Test to validate Conan package generated
-
-int main(int /*argc*/, const char * /*argv*/ []) {
-
-  const std::string filename("conanbuildinfo.cmake");
-
-  if (flatbuffers::FileExists(filename.c_str())) {
-    std::cout << "File " << filename << " exists.\n";
-  } else {
-    std::cout << "File " << filename << " does not exist.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-}

conanfile.py

@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-"""Conan recipe package for Google FlatBuffers"""
-import os
-import shutil
-from conans import CMake, ConanFile, tools
-
-
-class FlatbuffersConan(ConanFile):
-  name = "flatbuffers"
-  license = "Apache-2.0"
-  url = "https://github.com/google/flatbuffers"
-  homepage = "http://google.github.io/flatbuffers/"
-  author = "Wouter van Oortmerssen"
-  topics = ("conan", "flatbuffers", "serialization", "rpc", "json-parser")
-  description = "Memory Efficient Serialization Library"
-  settings = "os", "compiler", "build_type", "arch"
-  options = {"shared": [True, False], "fPIC": [True, False]}
-  default_options = {"shared": False, "fPIC": True}
-  generators = "cmake"
-  exports = "LICENSE"
-  exports_sources = [
-      "CMake/*",
-      "include/*",
-      "src/*",
-      "grpc/*",
-      "CMakeLists.txt",
-      "conan/CMakeLists.txt",
-  ]
-
-  def source(self):
-    """Wrap the original CMake file to call conan_basic_setup"""
-    shutil.move("CMakeLists.txt", "CMakeListsOriginal.txt")
-    shutil.move(os.path.join("conan", "CMakeLists.txt"), "CMakeLists.txt")
-
-  def config_options(self):
-    """Remove fPIC option on Windows platform"""
-    if self.settings.os == "Windows":
-      self.options.remove("fPIC")
-
-  def configure_cmake(self):
-    """Create CMake instance and execute configure step"""
-    cmake = CMake(self)
-    cmake.definitions["FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS"] = False
-    cmake.definitions["FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_SHAREDLIB"] = self.options.shared
-    cmake.definitions["FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB"] = not self.options.shared
-    cmake.configure()
-    return cmake
-
-  def build(self):
-    """Configure, build and install FlatBuffers using CMake."""
-    cmake = self.configure_cmake()
-    cmake.build()
-
-  def package(self):
-    """Copy Flatbuffers' artifacts to package folder"""
-    cmake = self.configure_cmake()
-    cmake.install()
-    self.copy(pattern="LICENSE", dst="licenses")
-    self.copy(
-        pattern="FindFlatBuffers.cmake",
-        dst=os.path.join("lib", "cmake", "flatbuffers"),
-        src="CMake",
-    )
-    self.copy(pattern="flathash*", dst="bin", src="bin")
-    self.copy(pattern="flatc*", dst="bin", src="bin")
-    if self.settings.os == "Windows" and self.options.shared:
-      if self.settings.compiler == "Visual Studio":
-        shutil.move(
-            os.path.join(self.package_folder, "lib", "%s.dll" % self.name),
-            os.path.join(self.package_folder, "bin", "%s.dll" % self.name),
-        )
-      elif self.settings.compiler == "gcc":
-        shutil.move(
-            os.path.join(self.package_folder, "lib", "lib%s.dll" % self.name),
-            os.path.join(self.package_folder, "bin", "lib%s.dll" % self.name),
-        )
-
-  def package_info(self):
-    """Collect built libraries names and solve flatc path."""
-    self.cpp_info.libs = tools.collect_libs(self)
-    self.user_info.flatc = os.path.join(self.package_folder, "bin", "flatc")

dart/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 25.9.23
+
+- use enhanced enums (#8313)
+- fix incorrect write in Float64 write method (#8290)
+- code format improvements (#8707)
+
 ## 23.5.26
 
 - omit type annotationes for local variables (#7067, #7069, #7070)

dart/lib/src/builder.dart

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import 'types.dart';
 
 /// The main builder class for creation of a FlexBuffer.
 class Builder {
-  final ByteData _buffer;
+  ByteData _buffer;
   List<_StackValue> _stack = [];
   List<_StackPointer> _stackPointers = [];
   int _offset = 0;
@@ -506,6 +506,7 @@ class Builder {
     if (prevSize < size) {
       final newBuf = ByteData(size);
       newBuf.buffer.asUint8List().setAll(0, _buffer.buffer.asUint8List());
+      _buffer = newBuf;
     }
     return newOffset;
   }

dart/pubspec.yaml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name: flat_buffers
-version: 25.9.23
+version: 25.12.19
 description: FlatBuffers reading and writing library for Dart. Based on original work by Konstantin Scheglov and Paul Berry of the Dart SDK team.
 homepage: https://github.com/google/flatbuffers
 documentation: https://google.github.io/flatbuffers/index.html

dart/test/flat_buffers_test.dart

@@ -868,15 +868,14 @@ class ObjectAPITest {
       ..name = 'Monstrous'
       ..inventory = [24, 42]
       ..color = example.Color.Green
-      // TODO be smarter for unions and automatically set the `type` field?
       ..testType = example.AnyTypeId.MyGame_Example2_Monster
       ..test = example2.MonsterT()
       ..test4 = [example.TestT(a: 3, b: 4), example.TestT(a: 5, b: 6)]
       ..testarrayofstring = ["foo", "bar"]
-      ..testarrayoftables = [example.MonsterT(name: 'Oof')]
-      ..enemy = example.MonsterT(name: 'Enemy')
+      ..testarrayoftables = [example.MonsterT(name: 'Oof', testf: 2.75)]
+      ..enemy = example.MonsterT(name: 'Enemy', testf: 2.5)
       ..testarrayofbools = [false, true, false]
-      ..testf = 42.24
+      ..testf = 42.25
       ..testarrayofsortedstruct = [
         example.AbilityT(id: 1, distance: 5),
         example.AbilityT(id: 3, distance: 7),
@@ -894,16 +893,15 @@ class ObjectAPITest {
     fbBuilder.finish(offset);
     final data = fbBuilder.buffer;
 
-    // TODO currently broken because of struct builder issue, see #6688
-    // final monster2 = example.Monster(data); // Monster (reader)
-    // expect(
-    //     // map Monster => MonsterT, Vec3 => Vec3T, ...
-    //     monster2.toString().replaceAllMapped(
-    //         RegExp('([a-zA-z0-9]+){'), (match) => match.group(1) + 'T{'),
-    //     monster.toString());
-    //
-    // final monster3 = monster2.unpack(); // MonsterT
-    // expect(monster3.toString(), monster.toString());
+    final monster2 = example.Monster(data); // Monster (reader)
+    expect(
+        // map Monster => MonsterT, Vec3 => Vec3T, ...
+        monster2.toString().replaceAllMapped(
+            RegExp('([a-zA-z0-9]+){'), (match) => match.group(1)! + 'T{'),
+        monster.toString());
+
+    final monster3 = monster2.unpack(); // MonsterT
+    expect(monster3.toString(), monster.toString());
   }
 
   void test_Lists() {

dart/test/flex_builder_test.dart

@@ -318,6 +318,21 @@ void main() {
         1,
       ]);
     }
+    {
+      // Default buffer is 2048 bytes, add 2300 bytes of strings that force it
+      // to grow.
+      final s1 = 'A' * 1000;
+      final s2 = 'B' * 800;
+      final s3 = 'C' * 500;
+
+      var flx = Builder()
+        ..startVector()
+        ..addString(s1)
+        ..addString(s2)
+        ..addString(s3)
+        ..end();
+      expect(flx.finish().length, 2323);
+    }
   });
 
   test('build map', () {

dart/test/keyword_test_keyword_test_generated.dart

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import 'dart:typed_data' show Uint8List;
 import 'package:flat_buffers/flat_buffers.dart' as fb;
 
 
+
 enum Abc {
   $void(0),
   where(1),
@@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ class Table2 {
 
   Table2T unpack() => Table2T(
       typeType: typeType,
-      type: type);
+      type: type?.unpack());
 
   static int pack(fb.Builder fbBuilder, Table2T? object) {
     if (object == null) return 0;

dart/test/monster_test_my_game.example_generated.dart

@@ -1332,22 +1332,15 @@ class Monster {
     mana: mana,
     hp: hp,
     name: name,
-    inventory: const fb.Uint8ListReader(
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 14),
+    inventory: inventory?.toList(),
     color: color,
     testType: testType,
-    test: test,
+    test: test?.unpack(),
     test4: test4?.map((e) => e.unpack()).toList(),
-    testarrayofstring: const fb.ListReader<String>(
-      fb.StringReader(),
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 24),
+    testarrayofstring: testarrayofstring?.toList(),
     testarrayoftables: testarrayoftables?.map((e) => e.unpack()).toList(),
     enemy: enemy?.unpack(),
-    testnestedflatbuffer: const fb.Uint8ListReader(
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 30),
+    testnestedflatbuffer: testnestedflatbuffer?.toList(),
     testempty: testempty?.unpack(),
     testbool: testbool,
     testhashs32Fnv1: testhashs32Fnv1,
@@ -1358,67 +1351,33 @@ class Monster {
     testhashu32Fnv1a: testhashu32Fnv1a,
     testhashs64Fnv1a: testhashs64Fnv1a,
     testhashu64Fnv1a: testhashu64Fnv1a,
-    testarrayofbools: const fb.ListReader<bool>(
-      fb.BoolReader(),
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 52),
+    testarrayofbools: testarrayofbools?.toList(),
     testf: testf,
     testf2: testf2,
     testf3: testf3,
-    testarrayofstring2: const fb.ListReader<String>(
-      fb.StringReader(),
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 60),
-    testarrayofsortedstruct: testarrayofsortedstruct
-        ?.map((e) => e.unpack())
-        .toList(),
-    flex: const fb.Uint8ListReader(
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 64),
+    testarrayofstring2: testarrayofstring2?.toList(),
+    testarrayofsortedstruct: testarrayofsortedstruct?.map((e) => e.unpack()).toList(),
+    flex: flex?.toList(),
     test5: test5?.map((e) => e.unpack()).toList(),
-    vectorOfLongs: const fb.ListReader<int>(
-      fb.Int64Reader(),
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 68),
-    vectorOfDoubles: const fb.ListReader<double>(
-      fb.Float64Reader(),
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 70),
+    vectorOfLongs: vectorOfLongs?.toList(),
+    vectorOfDoubles: vectorOfDoubles?.toList(),
     parentNamespaceTest: parentNamespaceTest?.unpack(),
     vectorOfReferrables: vectorOfReferrables?.map((e) => e.unpack()).toList(),
     singleWeakReference: singleWeakReference,
-    vectorOfWeakReferences: const fb.ListReader<int>(
-      fb.Uint64Reader(),
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 78),
-    vectorOfStrongReferrables: vectorOfStrongReferrables
-        ?.map((e) => e.unpack())
-        .toList(),
+    vectorOfWeakReferences: vectorOfWeakReferences?.toList(),
+    vectorOfStrongReferrables: vectorOfStrongReferrables?.map((e) => e.unpack()).toList(),
     coOwningReference: coOwningReference,
-    vectorOfCoOwningReferences: const fb.ListReader<int>(
-      fb.Uint64Reader(),
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 84),
+    vectorOfCoOwningReferences: vectorOfCoOwningReferences?.toList(),
     nonOwningReference: nonOwningReference,
-    vectorOfNonOwningReferences: const fb.ListReader<int>(
-      fb.Uint64Reader(),
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 88),
+    vectorOfNonOwningReferences: vectorOfNonOwningReferences?.toList(),
     anyUniqueType: anyUniqueType,
-    anyUnique: anyUnique,
+    anyUnique: anyUnique?.unpack(),
     anyAmbiguousType: anyAmbiguousType,
-    anyAmbiguous: anyAmbiguous,
-    vectorOfEnums: const fb.ListReader<Color>(
-      Color.reader,
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 98),
+    anyAmbiguous: anyAmbiguous?.unpack(),
+    vectorOfEnums: vectorOfEnums?.toList(),
     signedEnum: signedEnum,
-    testrequirednestedflatbuffer: const fb.Uint8ListReader(
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 102),
-    scalarKeySortedTables: scalarKeySortedTables
-        ?.map((e) => e.unpack())
-        .toList(),
+    testrequirednestedflatbuffer: testrequirednestedflatbuffer?.toList(),
+    scalarKeySortedTables: scalarKeySortedTables?.map((e) => e.unpack()).toList(),
     nativeInline: nativeInline?.unpack(),
     longEnumNonEnumDefault: longEnumNonEnumDefault,
     longEnumNormalDefault: longEnumNormalDefault,
@@ -1578,7 +1537,7 @@ class MonsterT implements fb.Packable {
     final int? testOffset = test?.pack(fbBuilder);
     int? test4Offset;
     if (test4 != null) {
-      for (var e in test4!) {
+      for (var e in test4!.reversed) {
         e.pack(fbBuilder);
       }
       test4Offset = fbBuilder.endStructVector(test4!.length);
@@ -1608,7 +1567,7 @@ class MonsterT implements fb.Packable {
           );
     int? testarrayofsortedstructOffset;
     if (testarrayofsortedstruct != null) {
-      for (var e in testarrayofsortedstruct!) {
+      for (var e in testarrayofsortedstruct!.reversed) {
         e.pack(fbBuilder);
       }
       testarrayofsortedstructOffset = fbBuilder.endStructVector(
@@ -1620,7 +1579,7 @@ class MonsterT implements fb.Packable {
         : fbBuilder.writeListUint8(flex!);
     int? test5Offset;
     if (test5 != null) {
-      for (var e in test5!) {
+      for (var e in test5!.reversed) {
         e.pack(fbBuilder);
       }
       test5Offset = fbBuilder.endStructVector(test5!.length);
@@ -2478,13 +2437,8 @@ class TypeAliases {
     u64: u64,
     f32: f32,
     f64: f64,
-    v8: const fb.Int8ListReader(
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 24),
-    vf64: const fb.ListReader<double>(
-      fb.Float64Reader(),
-      lazy: false,
-    ).vTableGetNullable(_bc, _bcOffset, 26),
+    v8: v8?.toList(),
+    vf64: vf64?.toList(),
   );
 
   static int pack(fb.Builder fbBuilder, TypeAliasesT? object) {

docs/source/annotation.md

@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ The columns are as follows:
     The prefix `+` is added to make searching for the offset (compared to some
     random value) a bit easier.
 
-2. The raw binary data, expressed in hexadecimal format. 
-   
+2. The raw binary data, expressed in hexadecimal format.
+
     This is in the little endian format the buffer uses internally and what you
     would see with a normal binary text viewer.
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ regions in the flatbuffer itself.
 
 ### Binary Regions
 
-Binary regions are contiguous bytes regions that are grouped together to form 
+Binary regions are contiguous bytes regions that are grouped together to form
 some sort of value, e.g. a `scalar` or an array of scalars. A binary region may
 be split up over multiple text lines, if the size of the region is large.
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ vtable (AnnotatedBinary.Bar):
 ```
 
 The first column (`+0x00A0`) is the offset to this region from the beginning of
-the buffer. 
+the buffer.
 
 The second column are the raw bytes (hexadecimal) that make up this region.
 These are expressed in the little-endian format that flatbuffers uses for the
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ The fourth column shows the raw bytes as a compacted, big-endian value. The raw
 bytes are duplicated in this fashion since it is more intuitive to read the data
 in the big-endian format (e.g., `0x0008`). This value is followed by the decimal
 representation of the value (e.g., `(8)`). For strings, the raw string value is
-shown instead. 
+shown instead.
 
 The fifth column is a textual comment on what the value is. As much metadata as
 known is provided.
@@ -146,4 +146,4 @@ If the type in the 3rd column is of an absolute offset (`SOffet32` or
 `Offset32`), the fourth column also shows an `Loc: +0x025A` value which shows
 where in the binary this region is pointing to. These values are absolute from
 the beginning of the file, their calculation from the raw value in the 4th
-column depends on the context.
+column depends on the context.

docs/source/building.md

@@ -89,6 +89,17 @@ CC=clang PATH=$PATH:$(pwd)/swift-${SWIFT_VERSION}-RELEASE-debian12/usr/bin bazel
 
 If you are unsure which versions to use, check our CI config at `.bazelci/presubmit.yml`.
 
+## Building with Conan
+
+You can download and install flatbuffers using the [Conan](https://conan.io/) dependency manager:
+
+    conan install --requires="flatbuffers/[*]" --build=missing
+
+The flatbuffers package in Conan Center is maintained by
+[ConanCenterIndex](https://github.com/conan-io/conan-center-index) community.
+If the version is out of date or the package does not work,
+please create an issue or pull request on the [Conan Center Index repository](https://github.com/conan-io/conan-center-index).
+
 ## Building with VCPKG
 
 You can download and install flatbuffers using the [vcpkg](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/) dependency manager:
@@ -152,11 +163,11 @@ add_subdirectory(${FLATBUFFERS_SRC_DIR}
 # The flatbuffers target carry header search path automatically if CMake > 2.8.11.
 target_link_libraries(own_project_target PRIVATE flatbuffers)
 ```
-When build your project the `flatbuffers` library will be compiled and linked 
+When build your project the `flatbuffers` library will be compiled and linked
 to a target as part of your project.
 
 #### Override default depth limit of nested objects
-To override [the depth limit of recursion](languages/cpp.md), 
+To override [the depth limit of recursion](languages/cpp.md),
 add this directive:
 ```cmake
 set(FLATBUFFERS_MAX_PARSING_DEPTH 16)
@@ -174,4 +185,4 @@ We generate [SLSA3 signatures](http://slsa.dev) using the OpenSSF's [slsa-framew
 ```shell
 $ slsa-verifier -artifact-path <downloaded.zip> -provenance attestation.intoto.jsonl -source github.com/google/flatbuffers -tag <version>
   PASSED: Verified SLSA provenance
-```
+```

docs/source/contributing.md

@@ -15,17 +15,17 @@ repository.
 Before we can use your contributions, you __must__ sign one of the following license agreements. The agreements are self-served at the following links.
 
 Our code review process will automatically check if you have signed the CLA, so
-don't fret. Though it may be prudent to check before spending a lot of time on 
+don't fret. Though it may be prudent to check before spending a lot of time on
 contribution.
 
-### Individual Contributions 
+### Individual Contributions
 
 For individuals, the [Google Individual
 Contributor License Agreement
 (CLA)](https://cla.developers.google.com/about/google-individual?csw=1) which is
 self served at the link. The CLA is required since you own the copyright to your
 changes, even after your contribution becomes part of our codebase, so we need
-your permission to use and distribute your code. 
+your permission to use and distribute your code.
 
 ### Corporate Contributions
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pip install mkdocs-material
 pip install mkdocs-redirects
 ```
 
-Then, in the `root` directory of flatbuffers, run 
+Then, in the `root` directory of flatbuffers, run
 
 ```
 mkdocs serve -f docs/mkdocs.yml
@@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ This will continually watch the repo for changes to the documentation and serve
 the rendered pages locally.
 
 Submit your documentation changes with your code changes and they will
-automatically get published when your code is submitted.
+automatically get published when your code is submitted.

docs/source/evolution.md

@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ a [option](flatc.md#additional-options) to do just that:
 
 ```sh
 --conform FILE
-``` 
+```
 
 Where `FILE` is the base schema the rest of the input schemas must evolve from.
 It returns `0` if they are properly evolved, otherwise returns a non-zero value

docs/source/flatc.md

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 # FlatBuffers Compiler (`flatc`)
 
 The main compiler for FlatBuffers is called `flatc` and is used to convert
-schema definitions into generated code files for a variety of languages. 
+schema definitions into generated code files for a variety of languages.
 
 After [building](building.md) `flatc`, it is used as follows:
 
 ```sh
-flatc [ GENERATOR_OPTIONS ] [ -o PATH ] [- I PATH ] 
-  FILES... 
+flatc [ GENERATOR_OPTIONS ] [ -o PATH ] [- I PATH ]
+  FILES...
   [ -- BINARY_FILES... ]
 ```
 
@@ -65,25 +65,26 @@ list of `FILES...`.
 === "To Binary"
 
     To serialize the JSON data in `mydata.json` using the schema `myschema.fbs`:
-   
+
     ```sh
     flatc --binary myschema.fbs mydata.json
     ```
 
-    This will generate a `mydata_wire.bin` file containing the serialized 
+    This will generate a `mydata_wire.bin` file containing the serialized
     flatbuffer data.
 
 === "To JSON"
 
-    To convert the serialized binary flatbuffer `mydata.bin` using the schema 
+    To convert the serialized binary flatbuffer `mydata.bin` using the schema
     `myschema.fbs` to JSON:
 
     ```sh
-    flatc --json myschema.fbs mydata.bin
+    flatc --json myschema.fbs -- mydata.bin
     ```
 
-    This will generate a `mydata.json` file.
-
+    This will generate a `mydata.json` file. If there is no
+    [`file_identifier`](schema.md/#file-identification-and-extension) defined
+    for this schema, you will need to use the `--raw-binary` option.
 
 ### Additional options
 
@@ -261,6 +262,9 @@ list of `FILES...`.
 
 -   `--python-decode-obj-api-strings` : Decode bytes automaticaly with utf-8
 
+-   `--file-names-only` : Prints out files which would be generated by this command, one per
+    line, to `stdout`. No actual files are generated. This is useful for various CI checks.
+
 Additional gRPC options:
 
 -   `--grpc-filename-suffix`: `[C++]` An optional suffix for the generated

docs/source/intermediate_representation.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ errors and stores the resulting data in this IR, outputting `.bfbs` files.
 Since this IR is a Flatbuffer, you can load and use it at runtime for runtime
 reflection purposes.
 
-There are some quirks: 
+There are some quirks:
 - Tables and Structs are serialized as `Object`s.
 - Unions and Enums are serialized as `Enum`s.
 - It is the responsibility of the code generator to check the `advanced_features`
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ There are some quirks:
   inferred to be the directory containing the first provided schema file.
 
 
-## Invocation 
+## Invocation
 You can invoke it like so
 ```{.sh}
 flatc -b --schema ${your_fbs_files}

docs/source/languages/c_sharp.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ FlatBuffers).
 
 ## Building the FlatBuffers C# library
 
-The `FlatBuffers.csproj` project contains multitargeting for .NET Standard 2.1,
+The `FlatBuffers.csproj` project contains multitargeting for .NET Standard 2.0, 2.1,
 .NET 6 and .NET 8.
 
 You can build for a specific framework target when using the cross-platform

docs/source/languages/cpp.md

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ a `char *` array, which you pass to `GetMonster()`.
 
 ```cpp
     #include "flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h"
-    #include "monster_test_generate.h"
+    #include "monster_test_generated.h"
     #include <iostream> // C++ header file for printing
     #include <fstream> // C++ header file for file access
 
@@ -242,6 +242,41 @@ provide the following functions to aide in the serialization process:
     }
 ```
 
+-   `native_type("type")` (on a table): Tables can also be represented with
+native types. For example, the following schema:
+
+```cpp
+    table Matrix (native_type: "NativeMatrix") {
+      rows: int32;
+      columns: int32;
+      values: [float];
+    }
+```
+
+Would be represented by a user-defined C++ class:
+
+```cpp
+    class NativeMatrix { ... }
+```
+
+In this case, the following function declarations are generated by the compiler.
+The user must provide and link the matching function definitions:
+
+```cpp
+    struct Matrix FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS : private ::flatbuffers::Table {
+      // ...
+
+      static ::flatbuffers::Offset<Matrix> Pack(
+          ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder& _fbb,
+          const NativeMatrix* _o,
+          const ::flatbuffers::rehasher_function_t* _rehasher = nullptr);
+
+      void UnPackTo(
+          NativeMatrix* _o,
+          const ::flatbuffers::resolver_function_t* _resolver = nullptr) const;
+    }
+```
+
 Finally, the following top-level attributes:
 
 -   `native_include("path")` (at file level): Because the `native_type` attribute

docs/source/languages/dart.md

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ significant changes have been made.
    goal of this implementation.  Support for 16 bit integers was also added.
 5. The code generation in this offers an "ObjectBuilder", which generates code
    very similar to the SDK classes that consume FlatBuffers, as well as Builder
-   classes, which produces code which more closely resembles the builders in 
+   classes, which produces code which more closely resembles the builders in
    other languages. The ObjectBuilder classes are easier to use, at the cost of
    additional references allocated.
 

docs/source/languages/javascript.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ documentation to build `flatc` and should be familiar with
 
 ## FlatBuffers JavaScript library code location
 
-The generated code for the FlatBuffers JavaScript library can be found at 
+The generated code for the FlatBuffers JavaScript library can be found at
 https://www.npmjs.com/package/flatbuffers. To use it from sources:
 
 1. Run `npm run compile` from the main folder to generate JS files from TS.
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ transpile your sources to desired JS flavor. The minimal steps to get up and
 running with JS are:
 
 1. Generate TS files from `*.fbs` by using the `--ts` option.
-1. Transpile resulting TS files to desired JS flavor using `tsc` (see 
+1. Transpile resulting TS files to desired JS flavor using `tsc` (see
    https://www.typescriptlang.org/download for installation instructions).
 
 ~~~{.js}

docs/source/languages/kotlin.md

@@ -81,4 +81,4 @@ Kotlin generated code was designed to be as close as possible to the java counte
 The most obvious ones are:
 
 * Fields as accessed as Kotlin [properties](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/properties.html)
-* Static methods are accessed in [companion object](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/classes.html#companion-objects)
+* Static methods are accessed in [companion object](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/classes.html#companion-objects)

docs/source/languages/lua.md

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ file into a `string`, which you pass to the `GetRootAsMonster` function:
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.lua}
     -- require the library
     local flatbuffers = require("flatbuffers")
-    
+
     -- require the generated code
     local monster = require("MyGame.Sample.Monster")
 

docs/source/languages/rust.md

@@ -97,6 +97,61 @@ convenient accessors for all fields, e.g. `hp()`, `mana()`, etc:
 
 *Note: That we never stored a `mana` value, so it will return the default.*
 
+## Fallible API and Custom Allocators
+
+Every `FlatBufferBuilder` method that may allocate has a `try_*` counterpart
+(e.g. `try_create_string`, `try_push`, `try_finish`) that returns
+`Result<T, A::Error>` instead of panicking. This is useful when allocation
+failures must be handled gracefully: for example in `no_std` environments or
+with fixed-capacity buffers.
+
+The existing panicking methods are unchanged and remain the simplest option
+when using the default allocator.
+
+#### Custom allocators
+
+Implement the `Allocator` trait and pass it to `FlatBufferBuilder::new_in()`:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.rs}
+    use flatbuffers::{Allocator, FlatBufferBuilder};
+
+    struct MyAllocator { /* ... */ }
+
+    unsafe impl Allocator for MyAllocator {
+        type Error = MyError;
+        fn grow_downwards(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> { /* ... */ }
+        fn len(&self) -> usize { /* ... */ }
+    }
+
+    let alloc = MyAllocator::new(/* ... */);
+    let mut builder = FlatBufferBuilder::new_in(alloc);
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The built-in `DefaultAllocator` uses `Vec<u8>` and sets `Error = Infallible`,
+so the `try_*` methods on a default builder can never fail.
+
+#### Example: building a buffer with error propagation
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.rs}
+    fn build<A: flatbuffers::Allocator>(
+        builder: &mut FlatBufferBuilder<A>,
+    ) -> Result<(), A::Error> {
+        let name = builder.try_create_string("Orc")?;
+        let inventory = builder.try_create_vector(&[0u8, 1, 2, 3, 4])?;
+
+        let table_start = builder.start_table();
+        builder.try_push_slot_always(Monster::VT_NAME, name)?;
+        builder.try_push_slot_always(Monster::VT_INVENTORY, inventory)?;
+        builder.try_push_slot(Monster::VT_HP, 80i16, 100)?;
+        let root = builder.try_end_table(table_start)?;
+
+        builder.try_finish(root, None)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+See the `FlatBufferBuilder` rustdoc for the full list of `try_*` methods.
+
 ## Direct memory access
 
 As you can see from the above examples, all elements in a buffer are
@@ -205,6 +260,47 @@ And example of usage, for the time being, can be found in
 - Safe getters in [SafeBuffer](https://docs.rs/flatbuffers-reflection/latest/flatbuffers_reflection/struct.SafeBuffer.html),
  which does verification when constructed so you can use it for any data source
 
+## Buffer pre allocation in a latency-sensitive context
+
+In latency-sensitive applications, dynamic memory allocations can introduce unpredictable latency spikes. The `FlatBufferBuilder` internally uses several `Vec`s that may reallocate during serialization:
+
+- The backing buffer for the FlatBuffer data
+- `field_locs` for tracking field locations within tables
+- `written_vtable_revpos` for deduplicating vtables
+- `strings_pool` for shared string interning
+
+To avoid allocations during serialization, you can preallocate all internal vectors upfront using the `with_internal_capacity` constructor:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.rs}
+    // Preallocate: 1KB buffer, 8 field locations, 16 vtables, 32 shared strings
+    let mut builder = FlatBufferBuilder::with_internal_capacity(1024, 8, 16, 32);
+
+    // All subsequent operations will not allocate (if capacities are sufficient)
+    let name = builder.create_shared_string("MyMonster");
+    // ... build your FlatBuffer ...
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+There are three variants available:
+
+- `with_internal_capacity(size, field_locs, vtables, strings)` - Creates a new builder with all capacities preallocated
+- `from_vec_with_internal_capacity(buffer, field_locs, vtables, strings)` - Reuses an existing `Vec<u8>` as the backing buffer
+- `new_in_with_internal_capacity(allocator, field_locs, vtables, strings)` - Uses a custom `Allocator` with preallocated internal vecs
+
+When combined with `reset()`, you can reuse the same builder across multiple serializations without any allocations after the initial setup:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.rs}
+    let mut builder = FlatBufferBuilder::with_internal_capacity(1024, 8, 16, 32);
+
+    loop {
+        // Build a FlatBuffer (allocation-free if capacities are sufficient)
+        let data = build_message(&mut builder);
+        send(data);
+
+        // Reset for reuse - clears state but retains allocated capacity
+        builder.reset();
+    }
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 ## Useful tools created by others
 
 * [flatc-rust](https://github.com/frol/flatc-rust) - FlatBuffers compiler

docs/source/languages/swift.md

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ In some cases it's necessary to modify values in an existing FlatBuffer in place
       fatalError("couldn't mutate")
     }
     // mutate a struct field using flatbuffers struct
-    // DONT use monster.pos to mutate since swift copy on write 
+    // DONT use monster.pos to mutate since swift copy on write
     // will not mutate the value in the buffer
     let vec = monster.mutablePos.mutate(z: 4)
 

docs/source/quick_start.md

@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ See the [Tutorial](tutorial.md) for a more in depth guide.
     #include "flatbuffers.h"
     #include "monster_generated.h"
 
-    int main() { 
+    int main() {
       // Used to build the flatbuffer
       FlatBufferBuilder builder;
 
-      // Auto-generated function emitted from `flatc` and the input 
+      // Auto-generated function emitted from `flatc` and the input
       // `monster.fbs` schema.
       auto monster = CreateMonsterDirect(builder, "Abominable Snowman", 100);
 
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ See the [Tutorial](tutorial.md) for a more in depth guide.
     See complete [C++ Example](https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/blob/master/samples/sample_binary.cpp#L24-L56).
 
 5.  **Transmit/Store the serialized FlatBuffer**
-  
-    Use your serialized buffer however you want. Send it to someone, save if for
+
+    Use your serialized buffer however you want. Send it to someone, save it for
     later, etc...
 
     ```c++ title="my_monster_factory.cc" linenums="13"
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ See the [Tutorial](tutorial.md) for a more in depth guide.
 
     Use the generated accessors to read the data from the serialized buffer.
 
-    It doesn't need to be the same language, or even schema version (see 
+    It doesn't need to be the same language, or even schema version (see
     [Evolving](evolution.md)), FlatBuffers ensures the data is readable across
-    languages and schema versions. 
-    
+    languages and schema versions.
+
     ```c++ title="my_monster_factory.cc" linenums="15"
     // Get a view of the root monster from the flatbuffer.
     const Monster snowman = GetMonster(flatbuffer);
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ See the [Tutorial](tutorial.md) for a more in depth guide.
     // Access the monster's fields directly.
     ASSERT_EQ(snowman->name(), "Abominable Snowman");
     ASSERT_EQ(snowman->health(), 100);
-    ```    
-    
+    ```
+
     See [`Rust` examples](https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/blob/master/samples/sample_binary.rs#L92-L106)
     for reading the data written by `C++`.

docs/source/schema.md

@@ -427,9 +427,6 @@ Current understood attributes:
   it won't be accessible anymore by newer code. Note that if you deprecate a
   field that was previous required, old code may fail to validate new data (when
   using the optional verifier).
-
-### `required`
-
 - `required` (on a non-scalar table field): this field must always be set. By
   default, fields do not need to be present in the binary. This is desirable, as
   it helps with forwards/backwards compatibility, and flexibility of data

docs/source/support.md

@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ Codegen for all basic features | Yes    | Yes   | Yes      | Yes   | Yes    | Ye
 JSON parsing                   | Yes    | No    | No       | No    | No     | No    | No  | Yes    | No  | No      | Yes     | No     | No
 Simple mutation                | Yes    | Yes   | Yes      | Yes   | No     | No    | No  | No     | No  | No      | No      | No     | Yes
 Reflection                     | Yes    | No    | No       | No    | No     | No    | No  | Basic  | No  | No      | No      | No     | No
-Buffer verifier                | Yes    | No    | No       | No    | No     | No    | No  | Yes    | No  | No      | No      | No     | No
-Native Object API              | Yes    | No    | Yes      | Yes   | Yes    | Yes   | Yes | No     | No  | Yes     | No      | No     | No
-Optional Scalars               | Yes    | Yes   | Yes      | No    | No     | Yes   | Yes | Yes    | No  | No      | Yes     | Yes    | Yes
-Flexbuffers                    | Yes    | Yes   | ?        | ?     | ?      | ?     | ?   | ?      | ?   | ?       | ?       | Yes    | ?
+Buffer verifier                | Yes    | No    | No       | No    | No     | No    | No  | Yes    | No  | No      | No      | No     | Yes
+Native Object API              | Yes    | No    | Yes      | Yes   | Yes    | Yes   | Yes | No     | No  | Yes     | No      | No     | Yes
+Optional Scalars               | Yes    | Yes   | Yes      | Yes   | No     | Yes   | Yes | Yes    | No  | No      | Yes     | Yes    | Yes
+Flexbuffers                    | Yes    | Yes   | ?        | ?     | ?      | ?     | ?   | ?      | ?   | ?       | ?       | Yes    | Yes
 Testing: basic                 | Yes    | Yes   | Yes      | Yes   | Yes    | Yes   | Yes | Yes    | ?   | Yes     | Yes     | Yes    | Yes
 Testing: fuzz                  | Yes    | No    | No       | Yes   | Yes    | No    | No  | No     | ?   | No      | No      | Yes    | No
 Performance:                   | Superb | Great | Great    | Great | Ok     | ?     | ?   | Superb | ?   | ?       | Great   | Superb | Great
-Platform: Windows              | VS2010 | Yes   | Yes      | ?     | ?      | ?     | Yes | VS2010 | ?   | Yes     | Yes     | Yes    | No
+Platform: Windows              | VS2010 | Yes   | Yes      | ?     | ?      | ?     | Yes | VS2010 | ?   | Yes     | Yes     | Yes    | Yes
 Platform: Linux                | GCC282 | Yes   | ?        | Yes   | Yes    | ?     | Yes | Yes    | ?   | Yes     | Yes     | Yes    | Yes
 Platform: OS X                 | Xcode4 | ?     | ?        | ?     | Yes    | ?     | Yes | Yes    | ?   | Yes     | Yes     | Yes    | Yes
 Platform: Android              | NDK10d | Yes   | ?        | ?     | ?      | ?     | ?   | ?      | ?   | Flutter | Yes     | ?      | No

docs/source/tutorial.md

@@ -165,11 +165,11 @@ serializing and deserializing the flatbuffer binary data.
 
 === "C"
 
-    !!! Note 
+    !!! Note
 
-        If you're working in C, you need to use the separate project 
-        [FlatCC](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc) which contains a schema 
-        compiler and runtime library in C for C. See 
+        If you're working in C, you need to use the separate project
+        [FlatCC](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc) which contains a schema
+        compiler and runtime library in C for C. See
         [flatcc build instructions](https://github.com/dvidelabs/flatcc#building).
 
         Please be aware of the difference between `flatc` and `flatcc` tools.
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ generally involves two things:
     // Convenient namespace macro to manage long namespace prefix.
     #undef ns
     // Specified in the schema.
-    #define ns(x) FLATBUFFERS_WRAP_NAMESPACE(MyGame_Sample, x) 
+    #define ns(x) FLATBUFFERS_WRAP_NAMESPACE(MyGame_Sample, x)
 
     // A helper to simplify creating vectors from C-arrays.
     #define c_vec_len(V) (sizeof(V)/sizeof((V)[0]))
@@ -333,14 +333,14 @@ generally involves two things:
 === "JavaScript"
 
     ```javascript
-    // The following code is an example - use your desired module flavor by 
-    // transpiling from TS. 
+    // The following code is an example - use your desired module flavor by
+    // transpiling from TS.
     var flatbuffers = require('/js/flatbuffers').flatbuffers;
     var MyGame = require('./monster_generated').MyGame; // Generated by `flatc`.
 
     //------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 
-    // The following code is for browser-based HTML/JavaScript. Use the above 
+    // The following code is for browser-based HTML/JavaScript. Use the above
     // code for JavaScript module loaders (e.g. Node.js).
     <script src="../js/flatbuffers.js"></script>
     <script src="monster_generated.js"></script> // Generated by `flatc`.
@@ -384,12 +384,12 @@ generally involves two things:
         // The last segment of the class name matches the file name.
         $class = substr($class_name, strrpos($class_name, "\\") + 1);
         // `flatbuffers` root.
-        $root_dir = join(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, array(dirname(dirname(__FILE__)))); 
+        $root_dir = join(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, array(dirname(dirname(__FILE__))));
 
         // Contains the `*.php` files for the FlatBuffers library and the `flatc`
         // generated files.
         $paths = array(join(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, array($root_dir, "php")),
-          join(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, 
+          join(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR,
             array($root_dir, "samples", "MyGame", "Sample")));
         foreach ($paths as $path) {
         $file = join(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, array($path, $class . ".php"));
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ for it. The builder will automatically resize the backing buffer when necessary.
 === "Lobster"
 
     ```lobster
-    // Construct a Builder with 1024 byte backing array. 
+    // Construct a Builder with 1024 byte backing array.
     let builder = flatbuffers_builder {}
     ```
 
@@ -630,9 +630,9 @@ Let's serialize two weapon strings.
 === "C"
 
     ```c
-    flatbuffers_string_ref_t weapon_one_name 
+    flatbuffers_string_ref_t weapon_one_name
         = flatbuffers_string_create_str(B, "Sword");
-    flatbuffers_string_ref_t weapon_two_name 
+    flatbuffers_string_ref_t weapon_two_name
         = flatbuffers_string_create_str(B, "Axe");
     ```
 
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ Let's serialize two weapon strings.
 
 === "TypeScript"
 
-    ```ts  
+    ```ts
     let weaponOne = builder.createString('Sword');
     let weaponTwo = builder.createString('Axe');
     ```
@@ -760,9 +760,9 @@ offset to the weapon's name and a numerical value for the damage field.
     uint16_t weapon_one_damage = 3;
     uint16_t weapon_two_damage = 5;
 
-    ns(Weapon_ref_t) sword 
+    ns(Weapon_ref_t) sword
         = ns(Weapon_create(B, weapon_one_name, weapon_one_damage));
-    ns(Weapon_ref_t) axe 
+    ns(Weapon_ref_t) axe
         = ns(Weapon_create(B, weapon_two_name, weapon_two_damage));
     ```
 
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ offset to the weapon's name and a numerical value for the damage field.
     short weaponOneDamage = 3;
     short weaponTwoDamage = 5;
 
-    // Use the `CreateWeapon()` helper function to create the weapons, since we 
+    // Use the `CreateWeapon()` helper function to create the weapons, since we
     // set every field.
     Offset<Weapon> sword =
         Weapon.CreateWeapon(builder, weaponOneName, weaponOneDamage);
@@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ The Builder provides multiple ways to create `vectors`.
 === "Java"
 
     ```java
-    // Place the two weapons into an array, and pass it to the 
+    // Place the two weapons into an array, and pass it to the
     // `createWeaponsVector()` method to create a FlatBuffer vector.
     int[] weaps = new int[2];
     weaps[0] = sword;
@@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ The Builder provides multiple ways to create `vectors`.
 === "Kotlin"
 
     ```kotlin
-    // Place the two weapons into an array, and pass it to the 
+    // Place the two weapons into an array, and pass it to the
     // `createWeaponsVector()` method to create a FlatBuffer vector.
     val weaps = intArrayOf(sword, axe)
 
@@ -1134,12 +1134,8 @@ The Builder provides multiple ways to create `vectors`.
 === "Python"
 
     ```py
-    # Create a FlatBuffer vector and prepend the weapons.
-    # Note: Since we prepend the data, prepend them in reverse order.
-    MyGame.Sample.Monster.StartWeaponsVector(builder, 2)
-    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelative(axe)
-    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelative(sword)
-    weapons = builder.EndVector()
+    # Use the generated helper to create the weapons vector from offsets.
+    weapons = MyGame.Sample.Monster.CreateWeaponsVector(builder, [sword, axe])
     ```
 
 === "Rust"
@@ -1352,16 +1348,13 @@ bit more directly.
     ```py
     # Create a `vector` representing the inventory of the Orc. Each number
     # could correspond to an item that can be claimed after he is slain.
-    # Note: Since we prepend the bytes, this loop iterates in reverse.
-    MyGame.Sample.Monster.StartInventoryVector(builder, 10)
-    for i in reversed(range(0, 10)):
-        builder.PrependByte(i)
-    inv = builder.EndVector()
+    inv = MyGame.Sample.Monster.CreateInventoryVector(builder, range(0, 10))
 
-    MyGame.Sample.Monster.StartPathVector(builder, 2)
-    MyGame.Sample.Vec3.CreateVec3(builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
-    MyGame.Sample.Vec3.CreateVec3(builder, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0)
-    path = builder.EndVector()
+    path_points = [
+        MyGame.Sample.Vec3T(x=1.0, y=2.0, z=3.0),
+        MyGame.Sample.Vec3T(x=4.0, y=5.0, z=6.0),
+    ]
+    path = MyGame.Sample.Monster.CreatePathVector(builder, path_points)
     ```
 
 === "Rust"
@@ -1537,7 +1530,7 @@ the necessary values and Offsets to make a `Monster`.
     ```java
     // Serialize a name for our monster, called "Orc".
     int name = builder.createString("Orc");
-  
+
     // Create our monster using `startMonster()` and `endMonster()`.
     Monster.startMonster(builder);
     Monster.addPos(builder, Vec3.createVec3(builder, 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f));
@@ -1567,7 +1560,7 @@ the necessary values and Offsets to make a `Monster`.
     MyGame.Sample.Monster.addName(builder, name);
     MyGame.Sample.Monster.addInventory(builder, inv);
     MyGame.Sample.Monster.addWeapons(builder, weapons);
-    MyGame.Sample.Monster.addEquippedType(builder, 
+    MyGame.Sample.Monster.addEquippedType(builder,
         MyGame.Sample.Equipment.Weapon);
     MyGame.Sample.Monster.addEquipped(builder, axe);
     MyGame.Sample.Monster.addPath(builder, path);
@@ -1649,7 +1642,7 @@ the necessary values and Offsets to make a `Monster`.
     \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddInventory($builder, $inv);
     \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddColor($builder, \MyGame\Sample\Color::Red);
     \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddWeapons($builder, $weapons);
-    \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddEquippedType($builder, 
+    \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddEquippedType($builder,
         \MyGame\Sample\Equipment::Weapon);
     \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddEquipped($builder, $axe);
     \MyGame\Sample\Monster::AddPath($builder, $path);
@@ -1782,7 +1775,7 @@ deserializing the buffer later.
 
     ```dart
     // Call `finish()` to instruct the builder that this monster is complete.
-    // See the next code section, as in Dart `finish` will also return the byte 
+    // See the next code section, as in Dart `finish` will also return the byte
     // array.
     ```
 
@@ -1982,7 +1975,7 @@ like so:
     ```php
     // This must be called after `finish()`.
     $buf = $builder->dataBuffer(); // Of type `Google\FlatBuffers\ByteBuffer`
-    // The data in this ByteBuffer does NOT start at 0, but at 
+    // The data in this ByteBuffer does NOT start at 0, but at
     // buf->getPosition().
     // The end of the data is marked by buf->capacity(), so the size is
     // buf->capacity() - buf->getPosition().
@@ -2056,7 +2049,7 @@ functions to get the root object given the buffer.
     ```c++
     uint8_t *buffer_pointer = /* the data you just read */;
 
-    // Get an view to the root object inside the buffer.
+    // Get a view to the root object inside the buffer.
     Monster monster = GetMonster(buffer_pointer);
     ```
 
@@ -2076,7 +2069,7 @@ functions to get the root object given the buffer.
     ```c#
     byte[] bytes = /* the data you just read */
 
-    // Get an view to the root object inside the buffer.
+    // Get a view to the root object inside the buffer.
     Monster monster = Monster.GetRootAsMonster(new ByteBuffer(bytes));
     ```
 
@@ -2204,7 +2197,7 @@ functions to get the root object given the buffer.
 
     ```ts
     // the data you just read, as a `Uint8Array`.
-    // Note that the example here uses `readFileSync` from the built-in `fs` 
+    // Note that the example here uses `readFileSync` from the built-in `fs`
     // module, but other methods for accessing the file contents will also work.
     let bytes = new Uint8Array(readFileSync('./monsterdata.bin'));
 
@@ -2656,9 +2649,9 @@ you need to handle the result as a FlatBuffer table. Here we iterate over the
     ns(Weapon_vec_t) weapons = ns(Monster_weapons(monster));
     size_t weapons_len = ns(Weapon_vec_len(weapons));
     // We can use `const char *` instead of `flatbuffers_string_t`.
-    const char *second_weapon_name = 
+    const char *second_weapon_name =
         ns(Weapon_name(ns(Weapon_vec_at(weapons, 1))));
-    uint16_t second_weapon_damage = 
+    uint16_t second_weapon_damage =
         ns(Weapon_damage(ns(Weapon_vec_at(weapons, 1))));
     ```
 
@@ -2791,11 +2784,11 @@ only stores a FlatBuffer `table`).
 
     ```c++
     auto union_type = monster.equipped_type();
- 
+
     if (union_type == Equipment_Weapon) {
          // Requires `static_cast` to type `const Weapon*`.
         auto weapon = static_cast<const Weapon*>(monster->equipped());
- 
+
         auto weapon_name = weapon->name()->str(); // "Axe"
         auto weapon_damage = weapon->damage();    // 5
     }
@@ -2807,7 +2800,7 @@ only stores a FlatBuffer `table`).
     // Access union type field.
     if (ns(Monster_equipped_type(monster)) == ns(Equipment_Weapon)) {
         // Cast to appropriate type:
-        // C allows for silent void pointer assignment, so we need no 
+        // C allows for silent void pointer assignment, so we need no
         // explicit cast.
         ns(Weapon_table_t) weapon = ns(Monster_equipped(monster));
         const char *weapon_name = ns(Weapon_name(weapon)); // "Axe"
@@ -2819,10 +2812,10 @@ only stores a FlatBuffer `table`).
 
     ```c#
     var unionType = monster.EquippedType;
- 
+
     if (unionType == Equipment.Weapon) {
         var weapon = monster.Equipped<Weapon>().Value;
- 
+
         var weaponName = weapon.Name;     // "Axe"
         var weaponDamage = weapon.Damage; // 5
     }
@@ -2852,7 +2845,7 @@ only stores a FlatBuffer `table`).
         unionType := monster.EquippedType()
 
         if unionType == sample.EquipmentWeapon {
-            // Create a `sample.Weapon` object that can be initialized with the 
+            // Create a `sample.Weapon` object that can be initialized with the
             // contents of the `flatbuffers.Table` (`unionTable`), which was
             // populated by `monster.Equipped()`.
             unionWeapon = new(sample.Weapon)
@@ -2887,7 +2880,7 @@ only stores a FlatBuffer `table`).
         // 'Axe'
         var weaponName = monster.equipped(new MyGame.Sample.Weapon()).name();
         // 5
-        var weaponDamage = 
+        var weaponDamage =
             monster.equipped(new MyGame.Sample.Weapon()).damage();
     }
     ```
@@ -2912,8 +2905,8 @@ only stores a FlatBuffer `table`).
     union_type = monster.equipped_type
 
     if union_type == MyGame_Sample_Equipment_Weapon:
-        // `monster.equipped_as_Weapon` returns a FlatBuffer handle much like 
-        // normal table fields, but this is only valid to call if we already 
+        // `monster.equipped_as_Weapon` returns a FlatBuffer handle much like
+        // normal table fields, but this is only valid to call if we already
         // know it is the correct type.
         let union_weapon = monster.equipped_as_Weapon
 
@@ -2945,8 +2938,8 @@ only stores a FlatBuffer `table`).
         $weapon_name =
             $monster->getEquipped(new \MyGame\Sample\Weapon())->getName();
         // 5
-        $weapon_damage = 
-            $monster->getEquipped(new \MyGame\Sample\Weapon())->getDamage(); 
+        $weapon_damage =
+            $monster->getEquipped(new \MyGame\Sample\Weapon())->getDamage();
     }
     ```
 
@@ -2996,8 +2989,8 @@ only stores a FlatBuffer `table`).
 
     if (unionType == MyGame.Sample.Equipment.Weapon) {
         // 'Axe'
-        let weaponName = monster.equipped(new MyGame.Sample.Weapon()).name();    
-        // 5 
+        let weaponName = monster.equipped(new MyGame.Sample.Weapon()).name();
+        // 5
         let weaponDamage = monster.equipped(new MyGame.Sample.Weapon()).damage();
     }
     ```

go/encode.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func GetByte(buf []byte) byte {
 
 // GetBool decodes a little-endian bool from a byte slice.
 func GetBool(buf []byte) bool {
-	return buf[0] == 1
+	return buf[0] != 0
 }
 
 // GetUint8 decodes a little-endian uint8 from a byte slice.

go/table.go

@@ -31,10 +31,25 @@ func (t *Table) String(off UOffsetT) string {
 }
 
 // ByteVector gets a byte slice from data stored inside the flatbuffer.
+// If the offset is invalid or out of bounds, returns nil to prevent crashes.
 func (t *Table) ByteVector(off UOffsetT) []byte {
+	n := UOffsetT(len(t.Bytes))
+	// Need at least SizeUOffsetT bytes to read the relative vector offset.
+	u := UOffsetT(SizeUOffsetT)
+	if n < u || off > n-u {
+		return nil
+	}
 	off += GetUOffsetT(t.Bytes[off:])
+	// Need at least SizeUOffsetT bytes to read the vector length.
+	if n < u || off > n-u {
+		return nil
+	}
 	start := off + UOffsetT(SizeUOffsetT)
 	length := GetUOffsetT(t.Bytes[off:])
+	// Avoid overflow by checking the length against the remaining buffer space.
+	if length > n-start {
+		return nil
+	}
 	return t.Bytes[start : start+length]
 }
 

goldens/README.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ view of things across languages. These are kept in the `schema/` directory.
 Some languages may not support every generation feature, so each language is
 required to specify the `flatc` arguments individually.
 
-* Try to avoid includes and nested directories, preferring it as flat as 
+* Try to avoid includes and nested directories, preferring it as flat as
 possible.
 
 ## Updating

goldens/cpp/basic_generated.h

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 // Ensure the included flatbuffers.h is the same version as when this file was
 // generated, otherwise it may not be compatible.
 static_assert(FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MAJOR == 25 &&
-              FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MINOR == 9 &&
-              FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_REVISION == 23,
+              FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MINOR == 12 &&
+              FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_REVISION == 19,
              "Non-compatible flatbuffers version included");
 
 namespace flatbuffers {
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ struct Galaxy FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS : private ::flatbuffers::Table {
   int64_t num_stars() const {
     return GetField<int64_t>(VT_NUM_STARS, 0);
   }
-  bool Verify(::flatbuffers::Verifier &verifier) const {
+  template <bool B = false>
+  bool Verify(::flatbuffers::VerifierTemplate<B> &verifier) const {
     return VerifyTableStart(verifier) &&
            VerifyField<int64_t>(verifier, VT_NUM_STARS, 8) &&
            verifier.EndTable();
@@ -75,7 +76,8 @@ struct Universe FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS : private ::flatbuffers::Table {
   const ::flatbuffers::Vector<::flatbuffers::Offset<flatbuffers::goldens::Galaxy>> *galaxies() const {
     return GetPointer<const ::flatbuffers::Vector<::flatbuffers::Offset<flatbuffers::goldens::Galaxy>> *>(VT_GALAXIES);
   }
-  bool Verify(::flatbuffers::Verifier &verifier) const {
+  template <bool B = false>
+  bool Verify(::flatbuffers::VerifierTemplate<B> &verifier) const {
     return VerifyTableStart(verifier) &&
            VerifyField<double>(verifier, VT_AGE, 8) &&
            VerifyOffset(verifier, VT_GALAXIES) &&
@@ -135,14 +137,16 @@ inline const flatbuffers::goldens::Universe *GetSizePrefixedUniverse(const void
   return ::flatbuffers::GetSizePrefixedRoot<flatbuffers::goldens::Universe>(buf);
 }
 
+template <bool B = false>
 inline bool VerifyUniverseBuffer(
-    ::flatbuffers::Verifier &verifier) {
-  return verifier.VerifyBuffer<flatbuffers::goldens::Universe>(nullptr);
+    ::flatbuffers::VerifierTemplate<B> &verifier) {
+  return verifier.template VerifyBuffer<flatbuffers::goldens::Universe>(nullptr);
 }
 
+template <bool B = false>
 inline bool VerifySizePrefixedUniverseBuffer(
-    ::flatbuffers::Verifier &verifier) {
-  return verifier.VerifySizePrefixedBuffer<flatbuffers::goldens::Universe>(nullptr);
+    ::flatbuffers::VerifierTemplate<B> &verifier) {
+  return verifier.template VerifySizePrefixedBuffer<flatbuffers::goldens::Universe>(nullptr);
 }
 
 inline void FinishUniverseBuffer(

goldens/csharp/flatbuffers/goldens/Galaxy.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ public struct Galaxy : IFlatbufferObject
 {
   private Table __p;
   public ByteBuffer ByteBuffer { get { return __p.bb; } }
-  public static void ValidateVersion() { FlatBufferConstants.FLATBUFFERS_25_9_23(); }
+  public static void ValidateVersion() { FlatBufferConstants.FLATBUFFERS_25_12_19(); }
   public static Galaxy GetRootAsGalaxy(ByteBuffer _bb) { return GetRootAsGalaxy(_bb, new Galaxy()); }
   public static Galaxy GetRootAsGalaxy(ByteBuffer _bb, Galaxy obj) { return (obj.__assign(_bb.GetInt(_bb.Position) + _bb.Position, _bb)); }
   public void __init(int _i, ByteBuffer _bb) { __p = new Table(_i, _bb); }

goldens/csharp/flatbuffers/goldens/Universe.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ public struct Universe : IFlatbufferObject
 {
   private Table __p;
   public ByteBuffer ByteBuffer { get { return __p.bb; } }
-  public static void ValidateVersion() { FlatBufferConstants.FLATBUFFERS_25_9_23(); }
+  public static void ValidateVersion() { FlatBufferConstants.FLATBUFFERS_25_12_19(); }
   public static Universe GetRootAsUniverse(ByteBuffer _bb) { return GetRootAsUniverse(_bb, new Universe()); }
   public static Universe GetRootAsUniverse(ByteBuffer _bb, Universe obj) { return (obj.__assign(_bb.GetInt(_bb.Position) + _bb.Position, _bb)); }
   public static bool VerifyUniverse(ByteBuffer _bb) {Google.FlatBuffers.Verifier verifier = new Google.FlatBuffers.Verifier(_bb); return verifier.VerifyBuffer("", false, UniverseVerify.Verify); }

goldens/dart/basic_flatbuffers.goldens_generated.dart

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import 'dart:typed_data' show Uint8List;
 import 'package:flat_buffers/flat_buffers.dart' as fb;
 
 
+
 class Galaxy {
   Galaxy._(this._bc, this._bcOffset);
   factory Galaxy(List<int> bytes) {

goldens/java/flatbuffers/goldens/Galaxy.java

@@ -14,14 +14,13 @@ import com.google.flatbuffers.LongVector;
 import com.google.flatbuffers.ShortVector;
 import com.google.flatbuffers.StringVector;
 import com.google.flatbuffers.Struct;
-import com.google.flatbuffers.Table;
 import com.google.flatbuffers.UnionVector;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 
 @SuppressWarnings("unused")
-public final class Galaxy extends Table {
-  public static void ValidateVersion() { Constants.FLATBUFFERS_25_9_23(); }
+public final class Galaxy extends com.google.flatbuffers.Table {
+  public static void ValidateVersion() { Constants.FLATBUFFERS_25_12_19(); }
   public static Galaxy getRootAsGalaxy(ByteBuffer _bb) { return getRootAsGalaxy(_bb, new Galaxy()); }
   public static Galaxy getRootAsGalaxy(ByteBuffer _bb, Galaxy obj) { _bb.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN); return (obj.__assign(_bb.getInt(_bb.position()) + _bb.position(), _bb)); }
   public void __init(int _i, ByteBuffer _bb) { __reset(_i, _bb); }

goldens/java/flatbuffers/goldens/Universe.java

@@ -14,14 +14,13 @@ import com.google.flatbuffers.LongVector;
 import com.google.flatbuffers.ShortVector;
 import com.google.flatbuffers.StringVector;
 import com.google.flatbuffers.Struct;
-import com.google.flatbuffers.Table;
 import com.google.flatbuffers.UnionVector;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 
 @SuppressWarnings("unused")
-public final class Universe extends Table {
-  public static void ValidateVersion() { Constants.FLATBUFFERS_25_9_23(); }
+public final class Universe extends com.google.flatbuffers.Table {
+  public static void ValidateVersion() { Constants.FLATBUFFERS_25_12_19(); }
   public static Universe getRootAsUniverse(ByteBuffer _bb) { return getRootAsUniverse(_bb, new Universe()); }
   public static Universe getRootAsUniverse(ByteBuffer _bb, Universe obj) { _bb.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN); return (obj.__assign(_bb.getInt(_bb.position()) + _bb.position(), _bb)); }
   public void __init(int _i, ByteBuffer _bb) { __reset(_i, _bb); }

goldens/kotlin/flatbuffers/goldens/Galaxy.kt

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class Galaxy : Table() {
             return if(o != 0) bb.getLong(o + bb_pos) else 0L
         }
     companion object {
-        fun validateVersion() = Constants.FLATBUFFERS_25_9_23()
+        fun validateVersion() = Constants.FLATBUFFERS_25_12_19()
         fun getRootAsGalaxy(_bb: ByteBuffer): Galaxy = getRootAsGalaxy(_bb, Galaxy())
         fun getRootAsGalaxy(_bb: ByteBuffer, obj: Galaxy): Galaxy {
             _bb.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN)

goldens/kotlin/flatbuffers/goldens/Universe.kt

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class Universe : Table() {
             val o = __offset(6); return if (o != 0) __vector_len(o) else 0
         }
     companion object {
-        fun validateVersion() = Constants.FLATBUFFERS_25_9_23()
+        fun validateVersion() = Constants.FLATBUFFERS_25_12_19()
         fun getRootAsUniverse(_bb: ByteBuffer): Universe = getRootAsUniverse(_bb, Universe())
         fun getRootAsUniverse(_bb: ByteBuffer, obj: Universe): Universe {
             _bb.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN)

goldens/py/flatbuffers/goldens/Universe.py

@@ -80,6 +80,12 @@ def UniverseStartGalaxiesVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartGalaxiesVector(builder, numElems):
     return UniverseStartGalaxiesVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def UniverseCreateGalaxiesVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateGalaxiesVector(builder, data):
+    UniverseCreateGalaxiesVector(builder, data)
+
 def UniverseEnd(builder):
     return builder.EndObject()
 

goldens/rust/basic_generated.rs

@@ -1,313 +1,322 @@
 // automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
-
-
 // @generated
-
-use core::mem;
-use core::cmp::Ordering;
-
-extern crate flatbuffers;
-use self::flatbuffers::{EndianScalar, Follow};
+extern crate alloc;
 
 #[allow(unused_imports, dead_code)]
 pub mod flatbuffers {
+    extern crate alloc;
 
-  use core::mem;
-  use core::cmp::Ordering;
+    #[allow(unused_imports, dead_code)]
+    pub mod goldens {
+        extern crate alloc;
 
-  extern crate flatbuffers;
-  use self::flatbuffers::{EndianScalar, Follow};
-#[allow(unused_imports, dead_code)]
-pub mod goldens {
+        pub enum GalaxyOffset {}
 
-  use core::mem;
-  use core::cmp::Ordering;
+        #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+        pub struct Galaxy<'a> {
+            pub _tab: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
+        }
 
-  extern crate flatbuffers;
-  use self::flatbuffers::{EndianScalar, Follow};
+        impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Galaxy<'a> {
+            type Inner = Galaxy<'a>;
 
-pub enum GalaxyOffset {}
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+            #[inline]
+            unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+                Self { _tab: unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
+            }
+        }
 
-pub struct Galaxy<'a> {
-  pub _tab: flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
-}
+        impl<'a> Galaxy<'a> {
+            pub const VT_NUM_STARS: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
 
-impl<'a> flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Galaxy<'a> {
-  type Inner = Galaxy<'a>;
-  #[inline]
-  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
-    Self { _tab: unsafe { flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
-  }
-}
+            #[inline]
+            pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
+                Galaxy { _tab: table }
+            }
 
-impl<'a> Galaxy<'a> {
-  pub const VT_NUM_STARS: flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
-
-  #[inline]
-  pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
-    Galaxy { _tab: table }
-  }
-  #[allow(unused_mut)]
-  pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
-    _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
-    args: &'args GalaxyArgs
-  ) -> flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Galaxy<'bldr>> {
-    let mut builder = GalaxyBuilder::new(_fbb);
-    builder.add_num_stars(args.num_stars);
-    builder.finish()
-  }
+            #[allow(unused_mut)]
+            pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
+                _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
+                args: &'args GalaxyArgs
+            ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Galaxy<'bldr>> {
+                let mut builder = GalaxyBuilder::new(_fbb);
+                builder.add_num_stars(args.num_stars);
+                builder.finish()
+            }
 
 
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn num_stars(&self) -> i64 {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<i64>(Galaxy::VT_NUM_STARS, Some(0)).unwrap()}
-  }
-}
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn num_stars(&self) -> i64 {
+                // Safety:
+                // Created from valid Table for this object
+                // which contains a valid value in this slot
+                unsafe { self._tab.get::<i64>(Galaxy::VT_NUM_STARS, Some(0)).unwrap()}
+            }
+        }
 
-impl flatbuffers::Verifiable for Galaxy<'_> {
-  #[inline]
-  fn run_verifier(
-    v: &mut flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
-  ) -> Result<(), flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-    use self::flatbuffers::Verifiable;
-    v.visit_table(pos)?
-     .visit_field::<i64>("num_stars", Self::VT_NUM_STARS, false)?
-     .finish();
-    Ok(())
-  }
-}
-pub struct GalaxyArgs {
-    pub num_stars: i64,
-}
-impl<'a> Default for GalaxyArgs {
-  #[inline]
-  fn default() -> Self {
-    GalaxyArgs {
-      num_stars: 0,
-    }
-  }
-}
+        impl ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for Galaxy<'_> {
+            #[inline]
+            fn run_verifier(
+                v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+            ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+                v.visit_table(pos)?
+                    .visit_field::<i64>("num_stars", Self::VT_NUM_STARS, false)?
+                    .finish();
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
 
-pub struct GalaxyBuilder<'a: 'b, 'b, A: flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> {
-  fbb_: &'b mut flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
-  start_: flatbuffers::WIPOffset<flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
-}
-impl<'a: 'b, 'b, A: flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> GalaxyBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn add_num_stars(&mut self, num_stars: i64) {
-    self.fbb_.push_slot::<i64>(Galaxy::VT_NUM_STARS, num_stars, 0);
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> GalaxyBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
-    let start = _fbb.start_table();
-    GalaxyBuilder {
-      fbb_: _fbb,
-      start_: start,
-    }
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn finish(self) -> flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Galaxy<'a>> {
-    let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
-    flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
-  }
-}
+        pub struct GalaxyArgs {
+            pub num_stars: i64,
+        }
 
-impl core::fmt::Debug for Galaxy<'_> {
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
-    let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Galaxy");
-      ds.field("num_stars", &self.num_stars());
-      ds.finish()
-  }
-}
-pub enum UniverseOffset {}
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+        impl<'a> Default for GalaxyArgs {
+            #[inline]
+            fn default() -> Self {
+                GalaxyArgs {
+                    num_stars: 0,
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
-pub struct Universe<'a> {
-  pub _tab: flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
-}
+        pub struct GalaxyBuilder<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> {
+            fbb_: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+            start_: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
+        }
 
-impl<'a> flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Universe<'a> {
-  type Inner = Universe<'a>;
-  #[inline]
-  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
-    Self { _tab: unsafe { flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
-  }
-}
+        impl<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> GalaxyBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn add_num_stars(&mut self, num_stars: i64) {
+                self.fbb_.push_slot::<i64>(Galaxy::VT_NUM_STARS, num_stars, 0);
+            }
 
-impl<'a> Universe<'a> {
-  pub const VT_AGE: flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
-  pub const VT_GALAXIES: flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 6;
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> GalaxyBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+                let start = _fbb.start_table();
+                GalaxyBuilder {
+                    fbb_: _fbb,
+                    start_: start,
+                }
+            }
 
-  #[inline]
-  pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
-    Universe { _tab: table }
-  }
-  #[allow(unused_mut)]
-  pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
-    _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
-    args: &'args UniverseArgs<'args>
-  ) -> flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'bldr>> {
-    let mut builder = UniverseBuilder::new(_fbb);
-    builder.add_age(args.age);
-    if let Some(x) = args.galaxies { builder.add_galaxies(x); }
-    builder.finish()
-  }
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn finish(self) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Galaxy<'a>> {
+                let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
+                ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl ::core::fmt::Debug for Galaxy<'_> {
+            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+                let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Galaxy");
+                ds.field("num_stars", &self.num_stars());
+                ds.finish()
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub enum UniverseOffset {}
+
+        #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+        pub struct Universe<'a> {
+            pub _tab: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
+        }
+
+        impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Universe<'a> {
+            type Inner = Universe<'a>;
+
+            #[inline]
+            unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+                Self { _tab: unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<'a> Universe<'a> {
+            pub const VT_AGE: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
+            pub const VT_GALAXIES: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 6;
+
+            #[inline]
+            pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
+                Universe { _tab: table }
+            }
+
+            #[allow(unused_mut)]
+            pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
+                _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
+                args: &'args UniverseArgs<'args>
+            ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'bldr>> {
+                let mut builder = UniverseBuilder::new(_fbb);
+                builder.add_age(args.age);
+                if let Some(x) = args.galaxies { builder.add_galaxies(x); }
+                builder.finish()
+            }
 
 
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn age(&self) -> f64 {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<f64>(Universe::VT_AGE, Some(0.0)).unwrap()}
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn galaxies(&self) -> Option<flatbuffers::Vector<'a, flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy<'a>>>> {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<flatbuffers::Vector<'a, flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy>>>>(Universe::VT_GALAXIES, None)}
-  }
-}
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn age(&self) -> f64 {
+                // Safety:
+                // Created from valid Table for this object
+                // which contains a valid value in this slot
+                unsafe { self._tab.get::<f64>(Universe::VT_AGE, Some(0.0)).unwrap()}
+            }
 
-impl flatbuffers::Verifiable for Universe<'_> {
-  #[inline]
-  fn run_verifier(
-    v: &mut flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
-  ) -> Result<(), flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-    use self::flatbuffers::Verifiable;
-    v.visit_table(pos)?
-     .visit_field::<f64>("age", Self::VT_AGE, false)?
-     .visit_field::<flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<flatbuffers::Vector<'_, flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy>>>>("galaxies", Self::VT_GALAXIES, false)?
-     .finish();
-    Ok(())
-  }
-}
-pub struct UniverseArgs<'a> {
-    pub age: f64,
-    pub galaxies: Option<flatbuffers::WIPOffset<flatbuffers::Vector<'a, flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy<'a>>>>>,
-}
-impl<'a> Default for UniverseArgs<'a> {
-  #[inline]
-  fn default() -> Self {
-    UniverseArgs {
-      age: 0.0,
-      galaxies: None,
-    }
-  }
-}
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn galaxies(&self) -> Option<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy<'a>>>> {
+                // Safety:
+                // Created from valid Table for this object
+                // which contains a valid value in this slot
+                unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy>>>>(Universe::VT_GALAXIES, None)}
+            }
+        }
 
-pub struct UniverseBuilder<'a: 'b, 'b, A: flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> {
-  fbb_: &'b mut flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
-  start_: flatbuffers::WIPOffset<flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
-}
-impl<'a: 'b, 'b, A: flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> UniverseBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn add_age(&mut self, age: f64) {
-    self.fbb_.push_slot::<f64>(Universe::VT_AGE, age, 0.0);
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn add_galaxies(&mut self, galaxies: flatbuffers::WIPOffset<flatbuffers::Vector<'b , flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy<'b >>>>) {
-    self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Universe::VT_GALAXIES, galaxies);
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> UniverseBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
-    let start = _fbb.start_table();
-    UniverseBuilder {
-      fbb_: _fbb,
-      start_: start,
-    }
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn finish(self) -> flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'a>> {
-    let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
-    flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
-  }
-}
+        impl ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for Universe<'_> {
+            #[inline]
+            fn run_verifier(
+                v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+            ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+                v.visit_table(pos)?
+                    .visit_field::<f64>("age", Self::VT_AGE, false)?
+                    .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'_, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy>>>>("galaxies", Self::VT_GALAXIES, false)?
+                    .finish();
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
 
-impl core::fmt::Debug for Universe<'_> {
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
-    let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Universe");
-      ds.field("age", &self.age());
-      ds.field("galaxies", &self.galaxies());
-      ds.finish()
-  }
-}
-#[inline]
-/// Verifies that a buffer of bytes contains a `Universe`
-/// and returns it.
-/// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
-/// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
-/// previous, unchecked, behavior use
-/// `root_as_universe_unchecked`.
-pub fn root_as_universe(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Universe, flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  flatbuffers::root::<Universe>(buf)
-}
-#[inline]
-/// Verifies that a buffer of bytes contains a size prefixed
-/// `Universe` and returns it.
-/// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
-/// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
-/// previous, unchecked, behavior use
-/// `size_prefixed_root_as_universe_unchecked`.
-pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_universe(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Universe, flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root::<Universe>(buf)
-}
-#[inline]
-/// Verifies, with the given options, that a buffer of bytes
-/// contains a `Universe` and returns it.
-/// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
-/// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
-/// previous, unchecked, behavior use
-/// `root_as_universe_unchecked`.
-pub fn root_as_universe_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
-  opts: &'o flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
-  buf: &'b [u8],
-) -> Result<Universe<'b>, flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  flatbuffers::root_with_opts::<Universe<'b>>(opts, buf)
-}
-#[inline]
-/// Verifies, with the given verifier options, that a buffer of
-/// bytes contains a size prefixed `Universe` and returns
-/// it. Note that verification is still experimental and may not
-/// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
-/// previous, unchecked, behavior use
-/// `root_as_universe_unchecked`.
-pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_universe_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
-  opts: &'o flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
-  buf: &'b [u8],
-) -> Result<Universe<'b>, flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_with_opts::<Universe<'b>>(opts, buf)
-}
-#[inline]
-/// Assumes, without verification, that a buffer of bytes contains a Universe and returns it.
-/// # Safety
-/// Callers must trust the given bytes do indeed contain a valid `Universe`.
-pub unsafe fn root_as_universe_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> Universe {
-  unsafe { flatbuffers::root_unchecked::<Universe>(buf) }
-}
-#[inline]
-/// Assumes, without verification, that a buffer of bytes contains a size prefixed Universe and returns it.
-/// # Safety
-/// Callers must trust the given bytes do indeed contain a valid size prefixed `Universe`.
-pub unsafe fn size_prefixed_root_as_universe_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> Universe {
-  unsafe { flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_unchecked::<Universe>(buf) }
-}
-#[inline]
-pub fn finish_universe_buffer<'a, 'b, A: flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(
-    fbb: &'b mut flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
-    root: flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'a>>) {
-  fbb.finish(root, None);
-}
+        pub struct UniverseArgs<'a> {
+            pub age: f64,
+            pub galaxies: Option<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy<'a>>>>>,
+        }
 
-#[inline]
-pub fn finish_size_prefixed_universe_buffer<'a, 'b, A: flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(fbb: &'b mut flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>, root: flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'a>>) {
-  fbb.finish_size_prefixed(root, None);
-}
-}  // pub mod goldens
-}  // pub mod flatbuffers
+        impl<'a> Default for UniverseArgs<'a> {
+            #[inline]
+            fn default() -> Self {
+                UniverseArgs {
+                    age: 0.0,
+                    galaxies: None,
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
+        pub struct UniverseBuilder<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> {
+            fbb_: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+            start_: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
+        }
+
+        impl<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> UniverseBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn add_age(&mut self, age: f64) {
+                self.fbb_.push_slot::<f64>(Universe::VT_AGE, age, 0.0);
+            }
+
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn add_galaxies(&mut self, galaxies: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'b , ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy<'b >>>>) {
+                self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Universe::VT_GALAXIES, galaxies);
+            }
+
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> UniverseBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+                let start = _fbb.start_table();
+                UniverseBuilder {
+                    fbb_: _fbb,
+                    start_: start,
+                }
+            }
+
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn finish(self) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'a>> {
+                let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
+                ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl ::core::fmt::Debug for Universe<'_> {
+            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+                let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Universe");
+                ds.field("age", &self.age());
+                ds.field("galaxies", &self.galaxies());
+                ds.finish()
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Verifies that a buffer of bytes contains a `Universe`
+        /// and returns it.
+        /// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
+        /// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
+        /// previous, unchecked, behavior use
+        /// `root_as_universe_unchecked`.
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn root_as_universe(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Universe<'_>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+            ::flatbuffers::root::<Universe>(buf)
+        }
+
+        /// Verifies that a buffer of bytes contains a size prefixed
+        /// `Universe` and returns it.
+        /// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
+        /// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
+        /// previous, unchecked, behavior use
+        /// `size_prefixed_root_as_universe_unchecked`.
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_universe(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Universe<'_>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+            ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root::<Universe>(buf)
+        }
+
+        /// Verifies, with the given options, that a buffer of bytes
+        /// contains a `Universe` and returns it.
+        /// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
+        /// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
+        /// previous, unchecked, behavior use
+        /// `root_as_universe_unchecked`.
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn root_as_universe_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
+            opts: &'o ::flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
+            buf: &'b [u8],
+        ) -> Result<Universe<'b>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+            ::flatbuffers::root_with_opts::<Universe<'b>>(opts, buf)
+        }
+
+        /// Verifies, with the given verifier options, that a buffer of
+        /// bytes contains a size prefixed `Universe` and returns
+        /// it. Note that verification is still experimental and may not
+        /// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
+        /// previous, unchecked, behavior use
+        /// `root_as_universe_unchecked`.
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_universe_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
+            opts: &'o ::flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
+            buf: &'b [u8],
+        ) -> Result<Universe<'b>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+            ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_with_opts::<Universe<'b>>(opts, buf)
+        }
+
+        /// Assumes, without verification, that a buffer of bytes contains a Universe and returns it.
+        /// # Safety
+        /// Callers must trust the given bytes do indeed contain a valid `Universe`.
+        #[inline]
+        pub unsafe fn root_as_universe_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> Universe<'_> {
+            unsafe { ::flatbuffers::root_unchecked::<Universe>(buf) }
+        }
+
+        /// Assumes, without verification, that a buffer of bytes contains a size prefixed Universe and returns it.
+        /// # Safety
+        /// Callers must trust the given bytes do indeed contain a valid size prefixed `Universe`.
+        #[inline]
+        pub unsafe fn size_prefixed_root_as_universe_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> Universe<'_> {
+            unsafe { ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_unchecked::<Universe>(buf) }
+        }
+
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn finish_universe_buffer<'a, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(
+            fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+            root: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'a>>
+        ) {
+            fbb.finish(root, None);
+        }
+
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn finish_size_prefixed_universe_buffer<'a, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(
+            fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+            root: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'a>>
+        ) {
+            fbb.finish_size_prefixed(root, None);
+        }
+    } // pub mod goldens
+} // pub mod flatbuffers

goldens/swift/basic_generated.swift

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import Common
 
 import FlatBuffers
 
-public struct flatbuffers_goldens_Galaxy: FlatBufferObject, Verifiable {
+public struct flatbuffers_goldens_Galaxy: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable, Verifiable {
 
-  static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_9_23() }
+  static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_12_19() }
   public var __buffer: ByteBuffer! { return _accessor.bb }
   private var _accessor: Table
 
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ public struct flatbuffers_goldens_Galaxy: FlatBufferObject, Verifiable {
   }
 }
 
-public struct flatbuffers_goldens_Universe: FlatBufferObject, Verifiable {
+public struct flatbuffers_goldens_Universe: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable, Verifiable {
 
-  static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_9_23() }
+  static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_12_19() }
   public var __buffer: ByteBuffer! { return _accessor.bb }
   private var _accessor: Table
 
@@ -60,9 +60,7 @@ public struct flatbuffers_goldens_Universe: FlatBufferObject, Verifiable {
   }
 
   public var age: Double { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.age.v); return o == 0 ? 0.0 : _accessor.readBuffer(of: Double.self, at: o) }
-  public var hasGalaxies: Bool { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.galaxies.v); return o == 0 ? false : true }
-  public var galaxiesCount: Int32 { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.galaxies.v); return o == 0 ? 0 : _accessor.vector(count: o) }
-  public func galaxies(at index: Int32) -> flatbuffers_goldens_Galaxy? { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.galaxies.v); return o == 0 ? nil : flatbuffers_goldens_Galaxy(_accessor.bb, o: _accessor.indirect(_accessor.vector(at: o) + index * 4)) }
+  public var galaxies: FlatbufferVector<flatbuffers_goldens_Galaxy> { return _accessor.vector(at: VTOFFSET.galaxies.v, byteSize: 4) }
   public static func startUniverse(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) -> UOffset { fbb.startTable(with: 2) }
   public static func add(age: Double, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(element: age, def: 0.0, at: VTOFFSET.age.p) }
   public static func addVectorOf(galaxies: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: galaxies, at: VTOFFSET.galaxies.p) }

goldens/ts/flatbuffers/goldens/universe.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import * as flatbuffers from 'flatbuffers';
 
-import { Galaxy } from '../../flatbuffers/goldens/galaxy.js';
+import { Galaxy } from './galaxy.js';
 
 
 export class Universe {

grpc/examples/README.md

@@ -32,4 +32,4 @@ def say_hello(stub, builder):
 
 - Always requires the `content-type` of the payload to be set to `application/grpc+flatbuffers`
 
-example: `.SayHello(ctx, b, grpc.CallContentSubtype("flatbuffers"))`
+example: `.SayHello(ctx, b, grpc.CallContentSubtype("flatbuffers"))`

grpc/examples/go/greeter/README.md

@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@
 
 - `go clean`
 
-- `go run main.go --name NAME`
+- `go run main.go --name NAME`

grpc/examples/python/greeter/README.md

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
 
 ## How to run Client:
 
-- `python client.py ${PORT} ${NAME}`
+- `python client.py ${PORT} ${NAME}`

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Package.swift

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// swift-tools-version:5.9
+// swift-tools-version:5.10
 /*
  * Copyright 2020 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
  *

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Model/greeter_generated.swift

@@ -8,25 +8,23 @@ import Common
 
 import FlatBuffers
 
-public struct models_HelloReply: FlatBufferObject, Verifiable {
+public struct models_HelloReply: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable, Verifiable {
 
-  static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_9_23() }
+  static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_12_19() }
   public var __buffer: ByteBuffer! { return _accessor.bb }
   private var _accessor: Table
 
   private init(_ t: Table) { _accessor = t }
   public init(_ bb: ByteBuffer, o: Int32) { _accessor = Table(bb: bb, position: o) }
 
-  private enum VTOFFSET: VOffset {
-    case message = 4
-    var v: Int32 { Int32(self.rawValue) }
-    var p: VOffset { self.rawValue }
+  private struct VT {
+    static let message: VOffset = 4
   }
 
-  public var message: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.message.v); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
-  public var messageSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VTOFFSET.message.v) }
+  public var message: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.message); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
+  public var messageSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VT.message) }
   public static func startHelloReply(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) -> UOffset { fbb.startTable(with: 1) }
-  public static func add(message: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: message, at: VTOFFSET.message.p) }
+  public static func add(message: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: message, at: VT.message) }
   public static func endHelloReply(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder, start: UOffset) -> Offset { let end = Offset(offset: fbb.endTable(at: start)); return end }
   public static func createHelloReply(
     _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder,
@@ -39,41 +37,39 @@ public struct models_HelloReply: FlatBufferObject, Verifiable {
 
   public static func verify<T>(_ verifier: inout Verifier, at position: Int, of type: T.Type) throws where T: Verifiable {
     var _v = try verifier.visitTable(at: position)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.message.p, fieldName: "message", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.message, fieldName: "message", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
     _v.finish()
   }
 }
 
 extension models_HelloReply: Encodable {
-
   enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
     case message = "message"
   }
+
   public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
     var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
     try container.encodeIfPresent(message, forKey: .message)
   }
 }
 
-public struct models_HelloRequest: FlatBufferObject, Verifiable {
+public struct models_HelloRequest: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable, Verifiable {
 
-  static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_9_23() }
+  static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_12_19() }
   public var __buffer: ByteBuffer! { return _accessor.bb }
   private var _accessor: Table
 
   private init(_ t: Table) { _accessor = t }
   public init(_ bb: ByteBuffer, o: Int32) { _accessor = Table(bb: bb, position: o) }
 
-  private enum VTOFFSET: VOffset {
-    case name = 4
-    var v: Int32 { Int32(self.rawValue) }
-    var p: VOffset { self.rawValue }
+  private struct VT {
+    static let name: VOffset = 4
   }
 
-  public var name: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.name.v); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
-  public var nameSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VTOFFSET.name.v) }
+  public var name: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.name); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
+  public var nameSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VT.name) }
   public static func startHelloRequest(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) -> UOffset { fbb.startTable(with: 1) }
-  public static func add(name: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: name, at: VTOFFSET.name.p) }
+  public static func add(name: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: name, at: VT.name) }
   public static func endHelloRequest(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder, start: UOffset) -> Offset { let end = Offset(offset: fbb.endTable(at: start)); return end }
   public static func createHelloRequest(
     _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder,
@@ -86,16 +82,16 @@ public struct models_HelloRequest: FlatBufferObject, Verifiable {
 
   public static func verify<T>(_ verifier: inout Verifier, at position: Int, of type: T.Type) throws where T: Verifiable {
     var _v = try verifier.visitTable(at: position)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.name.p, fieldName: "name", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.name, fieldName: "name", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
     _v.finish()
   }
 }
 
 extension models_HelloRequest: Encodable {
-
   enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
     case name = "name"
   }
+
   public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
     var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
     try container.encodeIfPresent(name, forKey: .name)

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/client/main.swift

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func greet(name: String, client greeter: models_GreeterServiceClient) {
   // Make the RPC call to the server.
   let sayHello =
     greeter
-    .SayHello(Message<models_HelloRequest>(builder: &builder))
+      .SayHello(Message<models_HelloRequest>(builder: &builder))
 
   // wait() on the response to stop the program from exiting before the response is received.
   do {

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/server/main.swift

@@ -32,8 +32,7 @@ class Greeter: models_GreeterProvider {
 
   func SayHello(
     request: Message<models_HelloRequest>,
-    context: StatusOnlyCallContext
-  )
+    context: StatusOnlyCallContext)
     -> EventLoopFuture<Message<models_HelloReply>>
   {
     let recipient = request.object.name ?? "Stranger"
@@ -48,15 +47,14 @@ class Greeter: models_GreeterProvider {
 
   func SayManyHellos(
     request: Message<models_HelloRequest>,
-    context: StreamingResponseCallContext<Message<models_HelloReply>>
-  )
+    context: StreamingResponseCallContext<Message<models_HelloReply>>)
     -> EventLoopFuture<GRPCStatus>
   {
     for name in greetings {
       var builder = FlatBufferBuilder()
       let off =
         builder
-        .create(string: "\(name) \(request.object.name ?? "Unknown")")
+          .create(string: "\(name) \(request.object.name ?? "Unknown")")
       let root = models_HelloReply.createHelloReply(
         &builder,
         messageOffset: off)

grpc/examples/ts/greeter/README.md

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ you would need to run `npm run build` or simply use `npm install && tsc`
 
 ## How to run Client:
 
-- `npm run client 3000`
+- `npm run client 3000`

grpc/examples/ts/greeter/src/models.ts

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 
 /* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars, @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any, @typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion */
 
-export { HelloReply } from './models/hello-reply.js';
-export { HelloRequest } from './models/hello-request.js';
+export {HelloReply} from './models/hello-reply.js';
+export {HelloRequest} from './models/hello-request.js';

grpc/examples/ts/greeter/src/models/hello-reply.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import * as flatbuffers from 'flatbuffers';
 
 export class HelloReply {
   bb: flatbuffers.ByteBuffer|null = null;
-  bb_pos = 0;
+  bb_pos: number = 0;
   __init(i:number, bb:flatbuffers.ByteBuffer):HelloReply {
   this.bb_pos = i;
   this.bb = bb;
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ message(optionalEncoding?:any):string|Uint8Array|null {
   return offset ? this.bb!.__string(this.bb_pos + offset, optionalEncoding) : null;
 }
 
-static startHelloReply(builder:flatbuffers.Builder) {
+static startHelloReply(builder:flatbuffers.Builder):void {
   builder.startObject(1);
 }
 
-static addMessage(builder:flatbuffers.Builder, messageOffset:flatbuffers.Offset) {
+static addMessage(builder:flatbuffers.Builder, messageOffset:flatbuffers.Offset):void {
   builder.addFieldOffset(0, messageOffset, 0);
 }
 

grpc/examples/ts/greeter/src/models/hello-request.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import * as flatbuffers from 'flatbuffers';
 
 export class HelloRequest {
   bb: flatbuffers.ByteBuffer|null = null;
-  bb_pos = 0;
+  bb_pos: number = 0;
   __init(i:number, bb:flatbuffers.ByteBuffer):HelloRequest {
   this.bb_pos = i;
   this.bb = bb;
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ name(optionalEncoding?:any):string|Uint8Array|null {
   return offset ? this.bb!.__string(this.bb_pos + offset, optionalEncoding) : null;
 }
 
-static startHelloRequest(builder:flatbuffers.Builder) {
+static startHelloRequest(builder:flatbuffers.Builder):void {
   builder.startObject(1);
 }
 
-static addName(builder:flatbuffers.Builder, nameOffset:flatbuffers.Offset) {
+static addName(builder:flatbuffers.Builder, nameOffset:flatbuffers.Offset):void {
   builder.addFieldOffset(0, nameOffset, 0);
 }
 

grpc/samples/greeter/client.cpp

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-#include "greeter.grpc.fb.h"
-#include "greeter_generated.h"
-
 #include <grpcpp/grpcpp.h>
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "greeter.grpc.fb.h"
+#include "greeter_generated.h"
+
 class GreeterClient {
  public:
   GreeterClient(std::shared_ptr<grpc::Channel> channel)
-    : stub_(Greeter::NewStub(channel)) {}
+      : stub_(Greeter::NewStub(channel)) {}
 
-  std::string SayHello(const std::string &name) {
+  std::string SayHello(const std::string& name) {
     flatbuffers::grpc::MessageBuilder mb;
     auto name_offset = mb.CreateString(name);
     auto request_offset = CreateHelloRequest(mb, name_offset);
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class GreeterClient {
 
     auto status = stub_->SayHello(&context, request_msg, &response_msg);
     if (status.ok()) {
-      const HelloReply *response = response_msg.GetRoot();
+      const HelloReply* response = response_msg.GetRoot();
       return response->message()->str();
     } else {
       std::cerr << status.error_code() << ": " << status.error_message()
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ class GreeterClient {
     }
   }
 
-  void SayManyHellos(const std::string &name, int num_greetings,
-                     std::function<void(const std::string &)> callback) {
+  void SayManyHellos(const std::string& name, int num_greetings,
+                     std::function<void(const std::string&)> callback) {
     flatbuffers::grpc::MessageBuilder mb;
     auto name_offset = mb.CreateString(name);
     auto request_offset =
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class GreeterClient {
 
     auto stream = stub_->SayManyHellos(&context, request_msg);
     while (stream->Read(&response_msg)) {
-      const HelloReply *response = response_msg.GetRoot();
+      const HelloReply* response = response_msg.GetRoot();
       callback(response->message()->str());
     }
     auto status = stream->Finish();
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class GreeterClient {
   std::unique_ptr<Greeter::Stub> stub_;
 };
 
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   std::string server_address("localhost:50051");
 
   auto channel =
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   std::cerr << "Greeter received: " << message << std::endl;
 
   int num_greetings = 10;
-  greeter.SayManyHellos(name, num_greetings, [](const std::string &message) {
+  greeter.SayManyHellos(name, num_greetings, [](const std::string& message) {
     std::cerr << "Greeter received: " << message << std::endl;
   });
 

grpc/samples/greeter/server.cpp

@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
-#include "greeter.grpc.fb.h"
-#include "greeter_generated.h"
-
 #include <grpcpp/grpcpp.h>
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "greeter.grpc.fb.h"
+#include "greeter_generated.h"
+
 class GreeterServiceImpl final : public Greeter::Service {
   virtual grpc::Status SayHello(
-      grpc::ServerContext *context,
-      const flatbuffers::grpc::Message<HelloRequest> *request_msg,
-      flatbuffers::grpc::Message<HelloReply> *response_msg) override {
+      grpc::ServerContext* context,
+      const flatbuffers::grpc::Message<HelloRequest>* request_msg,
+      flatbuffers::grpc::Message<HelloReply>* response_msg) override {
     flatbuffers::grpc::MessageBuilder mb_;
 
     // We call GetRoot to "parse" the message. Verification is already
     // performed by default. See the notes below for more details.
-    const HelloRequest *request = request_msg->GetRoot();
+    const HelloRequest* request = request_msg->GetRoot();
 
     // Fields are retrieved as usual with FlatBuffers
-    const std::string &name = request->name()->str();
+    const std::string& name = request->name()->str();
 
     // `flatbuffers::grpc::MessageBuilder` is a `FlatBufferBuilder` with a
     // special allocator for efficient gRPC buffer transfer, but otherwise
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ class GreeterServiceImpl final : public Greeter::Service {
   }
 
   virtual grpc::Status SayManyHellos(
-      grpc::ServerContext *context,
-      const flatbuffers::grpc::Message<ManyHellosRequest> *request_msg,
-      grpc::ServerWriter<flatbuffers::grpc::Message<HelloReply>> *writer)
+      grpc::ServerContext* context,
+      const flatbuffers::grpc::Message<ManyHellosRequest>* request_msg,
+      grpc::ServerWriter<flatbuffers::grpc::Message<HelloReply>>* writer)
       override {
     // The streaming usage below is simply a combination of standard gRPC
     // streaming with the FlatBuffers usage shown above.
-    const ManyHellosRequest *request = request_msg->GetRoot();
-    const std::string &name = request->name()->str();
+    const ManyHellosRequest* request = request_msg->GetRoot();
+    const std::string& name = request->name()->str();
     int num_greetings = request->num_greetings();
 
     for (int i = 0; i < num_greetings; i++) {
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void RunServer() {
   server->Wait();
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
+int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
   RunServer();
   return 0;
 }

grpc/src/compiler/python_generator.cc

@@ -76,31 +76,6 @@ void FormatImports(std::stringstream& ss, const Imports& imports) {
   ss << "\n\n";
 }
 
-bool SaveStub(const std::string& filename, const Imports& imports,
-              const std::string& content) {
-  std::stringstream ss;
-  ss << "# Generated by the gRPC FlatBuffers compiler. DO NOT EDIT!\n"
-     << '\n'
-     << "from __future__ import annotations\n"
-     << '\n';
-  FormatImports(ss, imports);
-  ss << content << '\n';
-
-  EnsureDirExists(StripFileName(filename));
-  return flatbuffers::SaveFile(filename.c_str(), ss.str(), false);
-}
-
-bool SaveService(const std::string& filename, const Imports& imports,
-                 const std::string& content) {
-  std::stringstream ss;
-  ss << "# Generated by the gRPC FlatBuffers compiler. DO NOT EDIT!\n" << '\n';
-  FormatImports(ss, imports);
-  ss << content << '\n';
-
-  EnsureDirExists(StripFileName(filename));
-  return flatbuffers::SaveFile(filename.c_str(), ss.str(), false);
-}
-
 class BaseGenerator {
  protected:
   BaseGenerator(const Parser& parser, const Namer::Config& config,
@@ -175,6 +150,20 @@ class StubGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
   }
 
  private:
+  bool SaveStub(const std::string& filename, const Imports& imports,
+                const std::string& content) {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << "# Generated by the gRPC FlatBuffers compiler. DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+       << '\n'
+       << "from __future__ import annotations\n"
+       << '\n';
+    FormatImports(ss, imports);
+    ss << content << '\n';
+
+    EnsureDirExists(StripFileName(filename));
+    return parser_.opts.file_saver->SaveFile(filename.c_str(), ss.str(), false);
+  }
+
   void Generate(std::stringstream& ss, const ServiceDef* service,
                 Imports* imports) {
     imports->Import("grpc");
@@ -183,6 +172,7 @@ class StubGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
        << "  def __init__(self, channel: grpc.Channel) -> None: ...\n";
 
     for (const RPCCall* method : service->calls.vec) {
+      imports->Import("typing");
       std::string request = "bytes";
       std::string response = "bytes";
 
@@ -194,14 +184,22 @@ class StubGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         imports->Import(ModuleFor(method->response), response);
       }
 
-      ss << "  def " << method->name << "(self, ";
+      ss << "  def " << method->name << "(\n";
+      ss << "      self,\n";
       if (ClientStreaming(method)) {
-        imports->Import("typing");
-        ss << "request_iterator: typing.Iterator[" << request << "]";
+        ss << "      request_iterator: typing.Iterator[" << request << "]\n";
       } else {
-        ss << "request: " << request;
+        ss << "      request: " << request << ",\n";
       }
-      ss << ") -> ";
+
+      ss << "      timeout: float | None = None,\n";
+      // https://github.com/python/typeshed/blob/ccf9411fb1f5bee2a8e3d278889de17a08f7bbe3/stubs/grpcio/grpc/__init__.pyi#L37
+      ss << "      metadata: typing.Sequence[tuple[str, typing.Union[str, bytes]]] | None = None,\n";
+      ss << "      credentials: grpc.CallCredentials | None = None,\n";
+      ss << "      wait_for_ready: bool | None = None,\n";
+      ss << "      compression: grpc.Compression | None = None\n";
+
+      ss << "  ) -> ";
       if (ServerStreaming(method)) {
         imports->Import("typing");
         ss << "typing.Iterator[" << response << "]";
@@ -293,6 +291,18 @@ class ServiceGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
   }
 
  private:
+  bool SaveService(const std::string& filename, const Imports& imports,
+                   const std::string& content) {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << "# Generated by the gRPC FlatBuffers compiler. DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+       << '\n';
+    FormatImports(ss, imports);
+    ss << content << '\n';
+
+    EnsureDirExists(StripFileName(filename));
+    return parser_.opts.file_saver->SaveFile(filename.c_str(), ss.str(), false);
+  }
+
   void GenerateStub(std::stringstream& ss, const ServiceDef* service,
                     Imports* imports) {
     ss << "class " << service->name << "Stub";

include/codegen/namer.h

@@ -91,6 +91,14 @@ class Namer {
     std::string keyword_prefix;
     // Suffix used to escape keywords. It is usually "_".
     std::string keyword_suffix;
+    // The casing used for keywords when escaping. For most languages, keywords
+    // are case sensitive. PHP is an instance where some keywords are case
+    // insensitive.
+    enum class KeywordsCasing {
+      CaseSensitive,
+      CaseInsensitive,
+    };
+    KeywordsCasing keywords_casing;
 
     // Files.
 
@@ -204,8 +212,16 @@ class Namer {
     return result;
   }
 
+  virtual std::string NormalizeKeywordCase(const std::string& name) const {
+    if (config_.keywords_casing == Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseInsensitive) {
+      return ConvertCase(name, Case::kAllLower);
+    } else {
+      return name;
+    }
+  }
+
   virtual std::string EscapeKeyword(const std::string& name) const {
-    if (keywords_.find(name) == keywords_.end()) {
+    if (keywords_.find(NormalizeKeywordCase(name)) == keywords_.end()) {
       return name;
     } else {
       return config_.keyword_prefix + name + config_.keyword_suffix;

include/codegen/python.h

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ static const Namer::Config kConfig = {
     /*object_suffix=*/"T",
     /*keyword_prefix=*/"",
     /*keyword_suffix=*/"_",
+    /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
     /*filenames=*/Case::kKeep,
     /*directories=*/Case::kKeep,
     /*output_path=*/"",
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ static const Namer::Config kStubConfig = {
     /*object_suffix=*/"T",
     /*keyword_prefix=*/"",
     /*keyword_suffix=*/"_",
+    /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
     /*filenames=*/Case::kKeep,
     /*directories=*/Case::kKeep,
     /*output_path=*/"",

include/flatbuffers/array.h

@@ -39,10 +39,11 @@ class Array {
   typedef VectorConstIterator<T, return_type, uoffset_t> const_iterator;
   typedef VectorReverseIterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
 
-  // If T is a LE-scalar or a struct (!scalar_tag::value).
+  // If T is a non-pointer and a LE-scalar or a struct (!scalar_tag::value).
   static FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR bool is_span_observable =
-      (scalar_tag::value && (FLATBUFFERS_LITTLEENDIAN || sizeof(T) == 1)) ||
-      !scalar_tag::value;
+      !std::is_pointer<T>::value &&
+      ((scalar_tag::value && (FLATBUFFERS_LITTLEENDIAN || sizeof(T) == 1)) ||
+       !scalar_tag::value);
 
   FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR uint16_t size() const { return length; }
 

include/flatbuffers/base.h

@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@
 #endif // !defined(FLATBUFFERS_LITTLEENDIAN)
 
 #define FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MAJOR 25
-#define FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MINOR 9
-#define FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_REVISION 23
+#define FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MINOR 12
+#define FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_REVISION 19
 #define FLATBUFFERS_STRING_EXPAND(X) #X
 #define FLATBUFFERS_STRING(X) FLATBUFFERS_STRING_EXPAND(X)
 namespace flatbuffers {
@@ -267,11 +267,11 @@ namespace flatbuffers {
 
 #ifndef FLATBUFFERS_LOCALE_INDEPENDENT
   // Enable locale independent functions {strtof_l, strtod_l,strtoll_l,
-  // strtoull_l}.
+  // strtoull_l} on platforms that support them.
   #if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1800) || \
-      (defined(__ANDROID_API__) && __ANDROID_API__>= 21) || \
+      (defined(__ANDROID__) && defined(__ANDROID_API__) && __ANDROID_API__>= 26) || \
       (defined(_XOPEN_VERSION) && (_XOPEN_VERSION >= 700)) && \
-        (!defined(__Fuchsia__) && !defined(__ANDROID_API__))
+      !defined(__Fuchsia__)
     #define FLATBUFFERS_LOCALE_INDEPENDENT 1
   #else
     #define FLATBUFFERS_LOCALE_INDEPENDENT 0

include/flatbuffers/code_generator.h

@@ -19,12 +19,14 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include "flatbuffers/file_manager.h"
 #include "flatbuffers/idl.h"
 
 namespace flatbuffers {
 
 struct CodeGenOptions {
   std::string output_path;
+  FileSaver* file_saver{nullptr};
 };
 
 // A code generator interface for producing converting flatbuffer schema into

include/flatbuffers/file_manager.h

@@ -17,30 +17,52 @@
 #ifndef FLATBUFFERS_FILE_MANAGER_H_
 #define FLATBUFFERS_FILE_MANAGER_H_
 
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
 
-#include "flatbuffers/util.h"
-
 namespace flatbuffers {
 
 // A File interface to write data to file by default or
 // save only file names
-class FileManager {
+class FileSaver {
  public:
-  FileManager() = default;
-  virtual ~FileManager() = default;
+  FileSaver() = default;
+  virtual ~FileSaver() = default;
 
-  virtual bool SaveFile(const std::string& absolute_file_name,
-                        const std::string& content) = 0;
+  virtual bool SaveFile(const char* name, const char* buf, size_t len,
+                        bool binary) = 0;
 
-  virtual bool LoadFile(const std::string& absolute_file_name,
-                        std::string* buf) = 0;
+  bool SaveFile(const char* name, const std::string& buf, bool binary) {
+    return SaveFile(name, buf.c_str(), buf.size(), binary);
+  }
+
+  virtual void Finish() {}
 
  private:
   // Copying is not supported.
-  FileManager(const FileManager&) = delete;
-  FileManager& operator=(const FileManager&) = delete;
+  FileSaver(const FileSaver&) = delete;
+  FileSaver& operator=(const FileSaver&) = delete;
+  // Rule of 5
+  FileSaver(FileSaver&&) = default;
+  FileSaver& operator=(FileSaver&&) = default;
+};
+
+class RealFileSaver final : public FileSaver {
+ public:
+  bool SaveFile(const char* name, const char* buf, size_t len,
+                bool binary) final;
+};
+
+class FileNameSaver final : public FileSaver {
+ public:
+  bool SaveFile(const char* name, const char* buf, size_t len,
+                bool binary) final;
+
+  void Finish() final;
+
+ private:
+  std::set<std::string> file_names_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace flatbuffers

include/flatbuffers/flatbuffer_builder.h

@@ -470,7 +470,8 @@ class FlatBufferBuilderImpl {
       for (auto it = buf_.scratch_data(); it < buf_.scratch_end();
            it += sizeof(uoffset_t)) {
         auto vt_offset_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uoffset_t*>(it);
-        auto vt2 = reinterpret_cast<voffset_t*>(buf_.data_at(*vt_offset_ptr));
+        auto vt2 = reinterpret_cast<voffset_t*>(
+            buf_.data_at(*vt_offset_ptr + length_of_64_bit_region_));
         auto vt2_size = ReadScalar<voffset_t>(vt2);
         if (vt1_size != vt2_size || 0 != memcmp(vt2, vt1, vt1_size)) continue;
         vt_use = *vt_offset_ptr;
@@ -834,6 +835,16 @@ class FlatBufferBuilderImpl {
     return Offset<Vector<uint8_t>>(EndVector(v.size()));
   }
 
+  Offset64<Vector64<uint8_t>> CreateVector64(const std::vector<bool>& v) {
+    StartVector<uint8_t, Offset64, Vector64<uint8_t>::size_type>(v.size());
+    for (auto i = v.size(); i > 0;) {
+      PushElement(static_cast<uint8_t>(v[--i]));
+    }
+    return Offset64<Vector64<uint8_t>>(
+        EndVector<Vector64<uint8_t>::size_type,
+                  Offset64<Vector64<uint8_t>>::offset_type>(v.size()));
+  }
+
   /// @brief Serialize values returned by a function into a FlatBuffer `vector`.
   /// This is a convenience function that takes care of iteration for you.
   /// @tparam T The data type of the `std::vector` elements.

include/flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h

@@ -260,15 +260,15 @@ inline const char* flatbuffers_version_string() {
     inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 E operator ~ (E lhs){\
         return E(~T(lhs));\
     }\
-    inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 E operator |= (E &lhs, E rhs){\
+    inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP14 E operator |= (E &lhs, E rhs){\
         lhs = lhs | rhs;\
         return lhs;\
     }\
-    inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 E operator &= (E &lhs, E rhs){\
+    inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP14 E operator &= (E &lhs, E rhs){\
         lhs = lhs & rhs;\
         return lhs;\
     }\
-    inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 E operator ^= (E &lhs, E rhs){\
+    inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP14 E operator ^= (E &lhs, E rhs){\
         lhs = lhs ^ rhs;\
         return lhs;\
     }\

include/flatbuffers/flex_flat_util.h

@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@
 namespace flexbuffers {
 
 // Verifies the `nested` flexbuffer within a flatbuffer vector is valid.
+template <bool B>
 inline bool VerifyNestedFlexBuffer(
     const flatbuffers::Vector<uint8_t>* const nested,
-    flatbuffers::Verifier& verifier) {
+    flatbuffers::VerifierTemplate<B>& verifier) {
   if (!nested) return true;
   return verifier.Check(flexbuffers::VerifyBuffer(
       nested->data(), nested->size(), verifier.GetFlexReuseTracker()));