swift 6.0+ performance tweaks 3x-6x (#9067)

* start/stop measurements

* tweaks

* add 6.0 annotations

* remove some inlines

* address feedback

* address wasi + let

* adopt flex buffers

* flex buffers benchmarks

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Default owner
-* @aardappel @dbaileychess derekbailey@google.com
+* @dbaileychess derekbailey@google.com
 
 # Prevent modification of this file
 .github/CODEOWNERS @dbaileychess derekbailey@google.com

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
         chmod +x flatc
         ./flatc --version
     - name: upload build artifacts
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: Linux flatc binary ${{ matrix.cxx }}
         path: flatc
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: test
       run: Release\flattests.exe
     - name: upload build artifacts
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: Windows flatc binary
         path: Release\flatc.exe
@@ -191,14 +191,13 @@ jobs:
 
   build-dotnet-windows:
     name: Build .NET Windows
-    runs-on: windows-2022-64core
+    runs-on: windows-2022
     strategy:
       matrix:
         configuration: [
           '',
           '-p:UnsafeByteBuffer=true',
-          # Fails two tests currently.
+          '-p:EnableSpanT=true,UnsafeByteBuffer=true'
-          #'-p:EnableSpanT=true,UnsafeByteBuffer=true'
           ]
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -209,7 +208,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build
       run: |
         cd tests\FlatBuffers.Test
-        dotnet new sln --force --name FlatBuffers.Test
+        dotnet new sln --force --name FlatBuffers.Test --format sln
         dotnet sln FlatBuffers.Test.sln add FlatBuffers.Test.csproj
         dotnet build -c Release ${{matrix.configuration}} FlatBuffers.Test.sln
     - name: Run net6.0
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@ jobs:
         chmod +x Release/flatc
         Release/flatc --version
     - name: upload build artifacts
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: Mac flatc binary Intel
         path: Release/flatc
@@ -290,7 +289,7 @@ jobs:
         chmod +x Release/flatc
         Release/flatc --version
     - name: upload build artifacts
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: Mac flatc binary Universal
         path: Release/flatc
@@ -315,7 +314,7 @@ jobs:
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
    - name: set up Java
-     uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+     uses: actions/setup-java@v5
      with:
        distribution: temurin
        java-version: 17
@@ -374,7 +373,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Run benchmarks
       run: ./flatbenchmark --benchmark_repetitions=5 --benchmark_display_aggregates_only=true --benchmark_out_format=console --benchmark_out=benchmarks/results_${{matrix.cxx}}
     - name: Upload benchmarks results
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: Linux flatbenchmark results ${{matrix.cxx}}
         path: benchmarks/results_${{matrix.cxx}}
@@ -395,7 +394,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Checkout
       uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: set up Java
-      uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-java@v5
       with:
         distribution: temurin
         java-version: 17
@@ -418,7 +417,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Checkout
       uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: set up Java
-      uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-java@v5
       with:
         distribution: temurin
         java-version: 17
@@ -447,7 +446,7 @@ jobs:
 
   build-rust-windows:
     name: Build Rust Windows
-    runs-on: windows-2022-64core
+    runs-on: windows-2022
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: test
@@ -496,7 +495,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Test Swift Linux
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        swift: ["5.10", "6.1", "6.2"]
+        swift: ["6.0", "6.1", "6.2"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -535,7 +534,7 @@ jobs:
          run: |
            swift sdk list
            swift build --build-tests --swift-sdk swift-6.2.1-RELEASE_wasm
-           wasmtime --dir . .build/wasm32-unknown-wasip1/debug/FlatBuffers.Test.Swift.WasmPackageTests.xctest
+           wasmtime --dir . .build/wasm32-unknown-wasip1/debug/FlatBuffers.Test.Swift.WasmPackageTests.xctest --testing-library swift-testing
 
   build-ts:
     name: Build TS
@@ -546,7 +545,7 @@ jobs:
       # FIXME: make test script not rely on flatc
       run: cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_INSTALL=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATLIB=OFF -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_FLATHASH=OFF . && make -j
     - name: pnpm
-      run: npm install -g pnpm esbuild
+      run: npm install -g pnpm@10
     - name: deps
       run: pnpm i
     - name: compile
@@ -592,11 +591,16 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      # Explicitly use 8.5.1 until we can update or https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13564 is fixed.
+      - name: Set env
+        run: >
+          echo "USE_BAZEL_VERSION=8.5.1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: bazel build
         run: >
           bazel build
           //:flatc
           //:flatbuffers
+          //tests:flatbuffers_test
       - name: bazel test
         run: >
           bazel test
@@ -633,8 +637,7 @@ jobs:
       actions: read   # To read the workflow path.
       id-token: write # To sign the provenance.
       contents: write # To add assets to a release.
-    uses: slsa-framework/slsa-github-generator/.github/workflows/generator_generic_slsa3.yml@v1.2.1
+    uses: slsa-framework/slsa-github-generator/.github/workflows/generator_generic_slsa3.yml@v2.1.0
     with:
       base64-subjects: "${{ needs.release-digests.outputs.digests }}"
       upload-assets: true # Optional: Upload to a new release
-      compile-generator: true # Workaround for https://github.com/slsa-framework/slsa-github-generator/issues/1163

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           git config user.name github-actions[bot]
           git config user.email 41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: 3.x
       - run: echo "cache_id=$(date --utc '+%V')" >> $GITHUB_ENV 
-      - uses: actions/cache@v4
+      - uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           key: mkdocs-material-${{ env.cache_id }}
           path: .cache

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
        language: c++
        fuzz-seconds: 60
    - name: Upload Crash
-     uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+     uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
      if: failure() && steps.build.outcome == 'success'
      with:
        name: artifacts

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: '20.x'
           registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: ./python
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: '3.10'
 

CMake/BuildFlatBuffers.cmake

@@ -305,8 +305,7 @@ function(flatbuffers_generate_headers)
       ${FLATBUFFERS_GENERATE_HEADERS_SCHEMAS})
   add_dependencies(
     ${FLATBUFFERS_GENERATE_HEADERS_TARGET}
-    ${FLATC}
+    ${FLATC_TARGET})
-    ${FLATBUFFERS_GENERATE_HEADERS_SCHEMAS})
   target_include_directories(
     ${FLATBUFFERS_GENERATE_HEADERS_TARGET}
     INTERFACE ${generated_target_dir})

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -559,6 +559,7 @@ if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS)
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/64bit/evolution/v1.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/64bit/evolution/v2.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/union_underlying_type_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_SCOPED_ENUMS}")
+  compile_schema_for_test(tests/cross_namespace_pack_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
 
   if(FLATBUFFERS_CODE_SANITIZE)
     add_fsanitize_to_target(flattests ${FLATBUFFERS_CODE_SANITIZE})

MODULE.bazel

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ module(
 
 bazel_dep(
     name = "aspect_bazel_lib",
-    version = "2.11.0",
+    version = "2.14.0",
 )
 bazel_dep(
     name = "aspect_rules_esbuild",
@@ -23,16 +23,16 @@ bazel_dep(
 )
 bazel_dep(
     name = "grpc",
-    version = "1.70.1",
+    version = "1.76.0",
     repo_name = "com_github_grpc_grpc",
 )
 bazel_dep(
     name = "platforms",
-    version = "0.0.10",
+    version = "0.0.11",
 )
 bazel_dep(
     name = "rules_cc",
-    version = "0.0.16",
+    version = "0.1.1",
 )
 bazel_dep(
     name = "rules_go",
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ bazel_dep(
 )
 bazel_dep(
     name = "rules_swift",
-    version = "2.1.1",
+    version = "3.1.2",
+    max_compatibility_level = 3,
     repo_name = "build_bazel_rules_swift",
 )
 bazel_dep(
@@ -62,9 +63,6 @@ npm.npm_translate_lock(
     name = "flatbuffers_npm",
     npmrc = "//:.npmrc",
     pnpm_lock = "//ts:pnpm-lock.yaml",
-    # Override the Bazel package where pnpm-lock.yaml is located and link
-    # to the specified package instead.
-    root_package = "ts",
     verify_node_modules_ignored = "//:.bazelignore",
 )
 use_repo(npm, "flatbuffers_npm")

Package.swift

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// swift-tools-version:5.10
+// swift-tools-version:6.0
 /*
  * Copyright 2020 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
@@ -36,14 +36,17 @@ let package = Package(
     .target(
       name: "FlatBuffers",
       dependencies: ["Common"],
-      path: "swift/Sources/FlatBuffers"),
+      path: "swift/Sources/FlatBuffers",
+      swiftSettings: .settings),
     .target(
       name: "FlexBuffers",
       dependencies: ["Common"],
-      path: "swift/Sources/FlexBuffers"),
+      path: "swift/Sources/FlexBuffers",
+      swiftSettings: .settings),
     .target(
       name: "Common",
-      path: "swift/Sources/Common"),
+      path: "swift/Sources/Common",
+      swiftSettings: .settings),
     .testTarget(
       name: "FlatbuffersTests",
       dependencies: .dependencies,
@@ -52,7 +55,14 @@ let package = Package(
       name: "FlexbuffersTests",
       dependencies: ["FlexBuffers"],
       path: "tests/swift/Tests/Flexbuffers"),
-  ])
+  ],
+  swiftLanguageModes: [.v6])
+
+extension Array where Element == SwiftSetting {
+  static var settings: [SwiftSetting] {
+    [.enableUpcomingFeature("ExistentialAny")]
+  }
+}
 
 extension Array where Element == Package.Dependency {
   static var dependencies: [Package.Dependency] {
@@ -60,7 +70,12 @@ extension Array where Element == Package.Dependency {
     []
     #else
     // Test only Dependency
-    [.package(url: "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift.git", from: "1.4.1")]
+    [
+      .package(url: "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift-2.git", from: "2.0.0"),
+      .package(
+        url: "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift-nio-transport.git",
+        from: "2.0.0"),
+    ]
     #endif
   }
 }
@@ -72,7 +87,10 @@ extension Array where Element == PackageDescription.Target.Dependency {
     #else
     // Test only Dependency
     [
-      .product(name: "GRPC", package: "grpc-swift"),
+      .product(name: "GRPCCore", package: "grpc-swift-2"),
+      .product(
+        name: "GRPCNIOTransportHTTP2",
+        package: "grpc-swift-nio-transport"),
       "FlatBuffers",
     ]
     #endif

benchmarks/swift/Benchmarks/FlatbuffersBenchmarks/FlatbuffersBenchmarks.swift

@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
     for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
       blackHole(ByteBuffer(assumingMemoryBound: memory, capacity: Int(oneGB)))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark("Clearing 1GB", configuration: singleConfiguration) { benchmark in
@@ -105,6 +106,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
     for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
       blackHole(fb.clear())
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark("Strings 10") { benchmark in
@@ -113,6 +115,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
     for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
       blackHole(fb.create(string: str10))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark("Strings 100") { benchmark in
@@ -121,6 +124,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
     for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
       blackHole(fb.create(string: str100))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark("Vector 1 Bytes") { benchmark in
@@ -129,6 +133,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
     for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
       blackHole(fb.createVector(bytes: bytes))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark("Vector 1 Ints") { benchmark in
@@ -137,6 +142,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
     for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
       blackHole(fb.createVector(ints))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark("Vector 100 Ints") { benchmark in
@@ -145,6 +151,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
     for i in benchmark.scaledIterations {
       blackHole(fb.createVector(ints))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark("Vector 100 Bytes") { benchmark in
@@ -153,6 +160,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
     for i in benchmark.scaledIterations {
       blackHole(fb.createVector(bytes))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark("Vector 100 ContiguousBytes") { benchmark in
@@ -161,6 +169,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
     for i in benchmark.scaledIterations {
       blackHole(fb.createVector(bytes: bytes))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark(
@@ -178,6 +187,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
       fb.add(offset: off, at: 8)
       blackHole(fb.endTable(at: s))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark(
@@ -190,6 +200,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
       let s = fb.startTable(with: 4)
       blackHole(fb.endTable(at: s))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark("Struct") { benchmark in
@@ -198,6 +209,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
     for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
       blackHole(fb.create(struct: array.first!))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark("Structs") { benchmark in
@@ -219,6 +231,7 @@ let benchmarks = {
     fb.add(offset: vector, at: 4)
     let root = Offset(offset: fb.endTable(at: start))
     blackHole(fb.finish(offset: root))
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark("Vector of Offsets") { benchmark in
@@ -239,12 +252,15 @@ let benchmarks = {
       fb.add(offset: off, at: 2)
       blackHole(fb.endTable(at: s))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 
   Benchmark("Reading Doubles") { benchmark in
     let byteBuffer = ByteBuffer(data: data)
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
     for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
       blackHole(byteBuffer.read(def: Double.self, position: 0))
     }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
   }
 }

benchmarks/swift/Benchmarks/FlexBuffersBenchmarks/FlexBuffersBenchmarks.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import Benchmark
+import FlexBuffers
+import Foundation
+
+let benchmarks = {
+  let data = {
+    var array = [8888.88, 8888.88]
+    var data = Data()
+    array.withUnsafeBytes { ptr in
+      data.append(contentsOf: ptr)
+    }
+    return data
+  }()
+  let ints: [Int32] = Array(repeating: 42, count: 100)
+  let str10 = (0...9).map { _ -> String in "x" }.joined()
+  let str100 = (0...99).map { _ -> String in "x" }.joined()
+
+  // A representative map: 50 keyed scalars, a keyed string and a keyed vector
+  // of 100 scalars. Used for the realistic decode benchmarks.
+  let mapBuffer: ByteBuffer = {
+    var fbx = FlexBuffersWriter(initialSize: 1 << 16)
+    fbx.map {
+      for i in 0..<50 { $0.add(int: i, key: "i\(i)") }
+      $0.add(string: "hello world", key: "s")
+      $0.vector(key: "v") { v in
+        for x in 0..<100 { v.add(int: x) }
+      }
+    }
+    fbx.finish()
+    return fbx.sizedByteBuffer
+  }()
+
+  let metrics: [BenchmarkMetric] = [
+    .cpuTotal,
+    .wallClock,
+    .mallocCountTotal,
+    .releaseCount,
+    .peakMemoryResident,
+  ]
+  let maxIterations = 1_000_000
+  let maxDuration: Duration = .seconds(3)
+  let megaConfiguration: Benchmark.Configuration = .init(
+    metrics: metrics,
+    warmupIterations: 1,
+    scalingFactor: .mega,
+    maxDuration: maxDuration,
+    maxIterations: maxIterations)
+
+  Benchmark.defaultConfiguration = megaConfiguration
+
+  // Decode (read path)
+
+  // Raw scalar read: isolates `read<T: BitwiseCopyable>` and the `let` blob.
+  Benchmark("Reading Doubles") { benchmark in
+    let byteBuffer = ByteBuffer(data: data)
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      blackHole(byteBuffer.read(def: Double.self, position: 0))
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  // Realistic decode: resolve root map and read a keyed scalar.
+  Benchmark("Decode Map Scalar") { benchmark in
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      let map = try! getRoot(buffer: mapBuffer)!.map!
+      blackHole(map["i25"]?.int)
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  // Realistic decode: resolve root map and read a keyed string.
+  Benchmark("Decode Map String") { benchmark in
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      let map = try! getRoot(buffer: mapBuffer)!.map!
+      blackHole(map["s"]?.string())
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  // Realistic decode: resolve a nested vector and sum its scalars.
+  Benchmark("Decode Vector") { benchmark in
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      let map = try! getRoot(buffer: mapBuffer)!.map!
+      let vector = map["v"]!.vector!
+      var sum: Int64 = 0
+      for i in 0..<vector.count {
+        sum &+= vector[i]?.int ?? 0
+      }
+      blackHole(sum)
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  // Encode (write path)
+  // Writers are reused with `reset(keepingCapacity:)` so per-iteration
+  // allocation does not dominate and mask the write-path cost (which is what
+  // the `@exclusivity(unchecked)` storage pointer affects).
+
+  Benchmark("Strings 10") { benchmark in
+    var fbx = FlexBuffersWriter(initialSize: 1 << 20)
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      fbx.add(string: str10)
+      fbx.finish()
+      blackHole(fbx.sizedByteBuffer)
+      fbx.reset(keepingCapacity: true)
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  Benchmark("Strings 100") { benchmark in
+    var fbx = FlexBuffersWriter(initialSize: 1 << 20)
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      fbx.add(string: str100)
+      fbx.finish()
+      blackHole(fbx.sizedByteBuffer)
+      fbx.reset(keepingCapacity: true)
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  Benchmark("Encoding Vector Of Ints") { benchmark in
+    var fbx = FlexBuffersWriter(initialSize: 1 << 20)
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      fbx.vector {
+        $0.create(vector: ints)
+      }
+      fbx.finish()
+      blackHole(fbx.sizedByteBuffer)
+      fbx.reset(keepingCapacity: true)
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  Benchmark("Encoding Map") { benchmark in
+    var fbx = FlexBuffersWriter(initialSize: 1 << 20)
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      fbx.map {
+        for i in 0..<50 { $0.add(int: i, key: "i\(i)") }
+        $0.add(string: "hello world", key: "s")
+        $0.vector(key: "v") { v in
+          for x in 0..<100 { v.add(int: x) }
+        }
+      }
+      fbx.finish()
+      blackHole(fbx.sizedByteBuffer)
+      fbx.reset(keepingCapacity: true)
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+}

benchmarks/swift/Package.swift

@@ -39,4 +39,14 @@ let package = Package(
       plugins: [
         .plugin(name: "BenchmarkPlugin", package: "package-benchmark"),
       ]),
+    .executableTarget(
+      name: "FlexBuffersBenchmarks",
+      dependencies: [
+        .product(name: "FlexBuffers", package: "flatbuffers"),
+        .product(name: "Benchmark", package: "package-benchmark"),
+      ],
+      path: "Benchmarks/FlexBuffersBenchmarks",
+      plugins: [
+        .plugin(name: "BenchmarkPlugin", package: "package-benchmark"),
+      ]),
   ])

dart/lib/src/builder.dart

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import 'types.dart';
 
 /// The main builder class for creation of a FlexBuffer.
 class Builder {
-  final ByteData _buffer;
+  ByteData _buffer;
   List<_StackValue> _stack = [];
   List<_StackPointer> _stackPointers = [];
   int _offset = 0;
@@ -506,6 +506,7 @@ class Builder {
     if (prevSize < size) {
       final newBuf = ByteData(size);
       newBuf.buffer.asUint8List().setAll(0, _buffer.buffer.asUint8List());
+      _buffer = newBuf;
     }
     return newOffset;
   }

dart/test/flex_builder_test.dart

@@ -318,6 +318,21 @@ void main() {
         1,
       ]);
     }
+    {
+      // Default buffer is 2048 bytes, add 2300 bytes of strings that force it
+      // to grow.
+      final s1 = 'A' * 1000;
+      final s2 = 'B' * 800;
+      final s3 = 'C' * 500;
+
+      var flx = Builder()
+        ..startVector()
+        ..addString(s1)
+        ..addString(s2)
+        ..addString(s3)
+        ..end();
+      expect(flx.finish().length, 2323);
+    }
   });
 
   test('build map', () {

docs/source/flatc.md

@@ -79,11 +79,12 @@ list of `FILES...`.
     `myschema.fbs` to JSON:
 
     ```sh
-    flatc --json myschema.fbs mydata.bin
+    flatc --json myschema.fbs -- mydata.bin
     ```
 
-    This will generate a `mydata.json` file.
+    This will generate a `mydata.json` file. If there is no
-
+    [`file_identifier`](schema.md/#file-identification-and-extension) defined
+    for this schema, you will need to use the `--raw-binary` option.
 
 ### Additional options
 

docs/source/languages/cpp.md

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ a `char *` array, which you pass to `GetMonster()`.
 
 ```cpp
     #include "flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h"
-    #include "monster_test_generate.h"
+    #include "monster_test_generated.h"
     #include <iostream> // C++ header file for printing
     #include <fstream> // C++ header file for file access
 

docs/source/languages/rust.md

@@ -97,6 +97,61 @@ convenient accessors for all fields, e.g. `hp()`, `mana()`, etc:
 
 *Note: That we never stored a `mana` value, so it will return the default.*
 
+## Fallible API and Custom Allocators
+
+Every `FlatBufferBuilder` method that may allocate has a `try_*` counterpart
+(e.g. `try_create_string`, `try_push`, `try_finish`) that returns
+`Result<T, A::Error>` instead of panicking. This is useful when allocation
+failures must be handled gracefully: for example in `no_std` environments or
+with fixed-capacity buffers.
+
+The existing panicking methods are unchanged and remain the simplest option
+when using the default allocator.
+
+#### Custom allocators
+
+Implement the `Allocator` trait and pass it to `FlatBufferBuilder::new_in()`:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.rs}
+    use flatbuffers::{Allocator, FlatBufferBuilder};
+
+    struct MyAllocator { /* ... */ }
+
+    unsafe impl Allocator for MyAllocator {
+        type Error = MyError;
+        fn grow_downwards(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> { /* ... */ }
+        fn len(&self) -> usize { /* ... */ }
+    }
+
+    let alloc = MyAllocator::new(/* ... */);
+    let mut builder = FlatBufferBuilder::new_in(alloc);
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The built-in `DefaultAllocator` uses `Vec<u8>` and sets `Error = Infallible`,
+so the `try_*` methods on a default builder can never fail.
+
+#### Example: building a buffer with error propagation
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.rs}
+    fn build<A: flatbuffers::Allocator>(
+        builder: &mut FlatBufferBuilder<A>,
+    ) -> Result<(), A::Error> {
+        let name = builder.try_create_string("Orc")?;
+        let inventory = builder.try_create_vector(&[0u8, 1, 2, 3, 4])?;
+
+        let table_start = builder.start_table();
+        builder.try_push_slot_always(Monster::VT_NAME, name)?;
+        builder.try_push_slot_always(Monster::VT_INVENTORY, inventory)?;
+        builder.try_push_slot(Monster::VT_HP, 80i16, 100)?;
+        let root = builder.try_end_table(table_start)?;
+
+        builder.try_finish(root, None)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+See the `FlatBufferBuilder` rustdoc for the full list of `try_*` methods.
+
 ## Direct memory access
 
 As you can see from the above examples, all elements in a buffer are
@@ -205,6 +260,47 @@ And example of usage, for the time being, can be found in
 - Safe getters in [SafeBuffer](https://docs.rs/flatbuffers-reflection/latest/flatbuffers_reflection/struct.SafeBuffer.html),
  which does verification when constructed so you can use it for any data source
 
+## Buffer pre allocation in a latency-sensitive context
+
+In latency-sensitive applications, dynamic memory allocations can introduce unpredictable latency spikes. The `FlatBufferBuilder` internally uses several `Vec`s that may reallocate during serialization:
+
+- The backing buffer for the FlatBuffer data
+- `field_locs` for tracking field locations within tables
+- `written_vtable_revpos` for deduplicating vtables
+- `strings_pool` for shared string interning
+
+To avoid allocations during serialization, you can preallocate all internal vectors upfront using the `with_internal_capacity` constructor:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.rs}
+    // Preallocate: 1KB buffer, 8 field locations, 16 vtables, 32 shared strings
+    let mut builder = FlatBufferBuilder::with_internal_capacity(1024, 8, 16, 32);
+
+    // All subsequent operations will not allocate (if capacities are sufficient)
+    let name = builder.create_shared_string("MyMonster");
+    // ... build your FlatBuffer ...
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+There are three variants available:
+
+- `with_internal_capacity(size, field_locs, vtables, strings)` - Creates a new builder with all capacities preallocated
+- `from_vec_with_internal_capacity(buffer, field_locs, vtables, strings)` - Reuses an existing `Vec<u8>` as the backing buffer
+- `new_in_with_internal_capacity(allocator, field_locs, vtables, strings)` - Uses a custom `Allocator` with preallocated internal vecs
+
+When combined with `reset()`, you can reuse the same builder across multiple serializations without any allocations after the initial setup:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.rs}
+    let mut builder = FlatBufferBuilder::with_internal_capacity(1024, 8, 16, 32);
+
+    loop {
+        // Build a FlatBuffer (allocation-free if capacities are sufficient)
+        let data = build_message(&mut builder);
+        send(data);
+
+        // Reset for reuse - clears state but retains allocated capacity
+        builder.reset();
+    }
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 ## Useful tools created by others
 
 * [flatc-rust](https://github.com/frol/flatc-rust) - FlatBuffers compiler

docs/source/schema.md

@@ -427,9 +427,6 @@ Current understood attributes:
   it won't be accessible anymore by newer code. Note that if you deprecate a
   field that was previous required, old code may fail to validate new data (when
   using the optional verifier).
-
-### `required`
-
 - `required` (on a non-scalar table field): this field must always be set. By
   default, fields do not need to be present in the binary. This is desirable, as
   it helps with forwards/backwards compatibility, and flexibility of data

docs/source/support.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Simple mutation                | Yes    | Yes   | Yes      | Yes   | No     | No
 Reflection                     | Yes    | No    | No       | No    | No     | No    | No  | Basic  | No  | No      | No      | No     | No
 Buffer verifier                | Yes    | No    | No       | No    | No     | No    | No  | Yes    | No  | No      | No      | No     | Yes
 Native Object API              | Yes    | No    | Yes      | Yes   | Yes    | Yes   | Yes | No     | No  | Yes     | No      | No     | Yes
-Optional Scalars               | Yes    | Yes   | Yes      | No    | No     | Yes   | Yes | Yes    | No  | No      | Yes     | Yes    | Yes
+Optional Scalars               | Yes    | Yes   | Yes      | Yes   | No     | Yes   | Yes | Yes    | No  | No      | Yes     | Yes    | Yes
 Flexbuffers                    | Yes    | Yes   | ?        | ?     | ?      | ?     | ?   | ?      | ?   | ?       | ?       | Yes    | Yes
 Testing: basic                 | Yes    | Yes   | Yes      | Yes   | Yes    | Yes   | Yes | Yes    | ?   | Yes     | Yes     | Yes    | Yes
 Testing: fuzz                  | Yes    | No    | No       | Yes   | Yes    | No    | No  | No     | ?   | No      | No      | Yes    | No

docs/source/tutorial.md

@@ -1134,12 +1134,8 @@ The Builder provides multiple ways to create `vectors`.
 === "Python"
 
     ```py
-    # Create a FlatBuffer vector and prepend the weapons.
+    # Use the generated helper to create the weapons vector from offsets.
-    # Note: Since we prepend the data, prepend them in reverse order.
+    weapons = MyGame.Sample.Monster.CreateWeaponsVector(builder, [sword, axe])
-    MyGame.Sample.Monster.StartWeaponsVector(builder, 2)
-    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelative(axe)
-    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelative(sword)
-    weapons = builder.EndVector()
     ```
 
 === "Rust"
@@ -1352,16 +1348,13 @@ bit more directly.
     ```py
     # Create a `vector` representing the inventory of the Orc. Each number
     # could correspond to an item that can be claimed after he is slain.
-    # Note: Since we prepend the bytes, this loop iterates in reverse.
+    inv = MyGame.Sample.Monster.CreateInventoryVector(builder, range(0, 10))
-    MyGame.Sample.Monster.StartInventoryVector(builder, 10)
-    for i in reversed(range(0, 10)):
-        builder.PrependByte(i)
-    inv = builder.EndVector()
 
-    MyGame.Sample.Monster.StartPathVector(builder, 2)
+    path_points = [
-    MyGame.Sample.Vec3.CreateVec3(builder, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
+        MyGame.Sample.Vec3T(x=1.0, y=2.0, z=3.0),
-    MyGame.Sample.Vec3.CreateVec3(builder, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0)
+        MyGame.Sample.Vec3T(x=4.0, y=5.0, z=6.0),
-    path = builder.EndVector()
+    ]
+    path = MyGame.Sample.Monster.CreatePathVector(builder, path_points)
     ```
 
 === "Rust"

go/table.go

@@ -31,10 +31,25 @@ func (t *Table) String(off UOffsetT) string {
 }
 
 // ByteVector gets a byte slice from data stored inside the flatbuffer.
+// If the offset is invalid or out of bounds, returns nil to prevent crashes.
 func (t *Table) ByteVector(off UOffsetT) []byte {
+	n := UOffsetT(len(t.Bytes))
+	// Need at least SizeUOffsetT bytes to read the relative vector offset.
+	u := UOffsetT(SizeUOffsetT)
+	if n < u || off > n-u {
+		return nil
+	}
 	off += GetUOffsetT(t.Bytes[off:])
+	// Need at least SizeUOffsetT bytes to read the vector length.
+	if n < u || off > n-u {
+		return nil
+	}
 	start := off + UOffsetT(SizeUOffsetT)
 	length := GetUOffsetT(t.Bytes[off:])
+	// Avoid overflow by checking the length against the remaining buffer space.
+	if length > n-start {
+		return nil
+	}
 	return t.Bytes[start : start+length]
 }
 

goldens/py/flatbuffers/goldens/Universe.py

@@ -80,6 +80,12 @@ def UniverseStartGalaxiesVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartGalaxiesVector(builder, numElems):
     return UniverseStartGalaxiesVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def UniverseCreateGalaxiesVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateGalaxiesVector(builder, data):
+    UniverseCreateGalaxiesVector(builder, data)
+
 def UniverseEnd(builder):
     return builder.EndObject()
 

goldens/rust/basic_generated.rs

@@ -2,294 +2,321 @@
 // @generated
 extern crate alloc;
 
-
 #[allow(unused_imports, dead_code)]
 pub mod flatbuffers {
+    extern crate alloc;
 
-#[allow(unused_imports, dead_code)]
+    #[allow(unused_imports, dead_code)]
-pub mod goldens {
+    pub mod goldens {
+        extern crate alloc;
+
+        pub enum GalaxyOffset {}
+
+        #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+        pub struct Galaxy<'a> {
+            pub _tab: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
+        }
+
+        impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Galaxy<'a> {
+            type Inner = Galaxy<'a>;
+
+            #[inline]
+            unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+                Self { _tab: unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<'a> Galaxy<'a> {
+            pub const VT_NUM_STARS: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
+
+            #[inline]
+            pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
+                Galaxy { _tab: table }
+            }
+
+            #[allow(unused_mut)]
+            pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
+                _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
+                args: &'args GalaxyArgs
+            ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Galaxy<'bldr>> {
+                let mut builder = GalaxyBuilder::new(_fbb);
+                builder.add_num_stars(args.num_stars);
+                builder.finish()
+            }
 
 
-pub enum GalaxyOffset {}
+            #[inline]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+            pub fn num_stars(&self) -> i64 {
+                // Safety:
+                // Created from valid Table for this object
+                // which contains a valid value in this slot
+                unsafe { self._tab.get::<i64>(Galaxy::VT_NUM_STARS, Some(0)).unwrap()}
+            }
+        }
 
-pub struct Galaxy<'a> {
+        impl ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for Galaxy<'_> {
-  pub _tab: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
+            #[inline]
-}
+            fn run_verifier(
+                v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+            ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+                v.visit_table(pos)?
+                    .visit_field::<i64>("num_stars", Self::VT_NUM_STARS, false)?
+                    .finish();
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
 
-impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Galaxy<'a> {
+        pub struct GalaxyArgs {
-  type Inner = Galaxy<'a>;
+            pub num_stars: i64,
-  #[inline]
+        }
-  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
-    Self { _tab: unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
-  }
-}
 
-impl<'a> Galaxy<'a> {
+        impl<'a> Default for GalaxyArgs {
-  pub const VT_NUM_STARS: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
+            #[inline]
+            fn default() -> Self {
+                GalaxyArgs {
+                    num_stars: 0,
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
-  #[inline]
+        pub struct GalaxyBuilder<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> {
-  pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
+            fbb_: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
-    Galaxy { _tab: table }
+            start_: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
-  }
+        }
-  #[allow(unused_mut)]
+
-  pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
+        impl<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> GalaxyBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
-    _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
+            #[inline]
-    args: &'args GalaxyArgs
+            pub fn add_num_stars(&mut self, num_stars: i64) {
-  ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Galaxy<'bldr>> {
+                self.fbb_.push_slot::<i64>(Galaxy::VT_NUM_STARS, num_stars, 0);
-    let mut builder = GalaxyBuilder::new(_fbb);
+            }
-    builder.add_num_stars(args.num_stars);
+
-    builder.finish()
+            #[inline]
-  }
+            pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> GalaxyBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+                let start = _fbb.start_table();
+                GalaxyBuilder {
+                    fbb_: _fbb,
+                    start_: start,
+                }
+            }
+
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn finish(self) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Galaxy<'a>> {
+                let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
+                ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl ::core::fmt::Debug for Galaxy<'_> {
+            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+                let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Galaxy");
+                ds.field("num_stars", &self.num_stars());
+                ds.finish()
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub enum UniverseOffset {}
+
+        #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+        pub struct Universe<'a> {
+            pub _tab: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
+        }
+
+        impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Universe<'a> {
+            type Inner = Universe<'a>;
+
+            #[inline]
+            unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+                Self { _tab: unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<'a> Universe<'a> {
+            pub const VT_AGE: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
+            pub const VT_GALAXIES: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 6;
+
+            #[inline]
+            pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
+                Universe { _tab: table }
+            }
+
+            #[allow(unused_mut)]
+            pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
+                _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
+                args: &'args UniverseArgs<'args>
+            ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'bldr>> {
+                let mut builder = UniverseBuilder::new(_fbb);
+                builder.add_age(args.age);
+                if let Some(x) = args.galaxies { builder.add_galaxies(x); }
+                builder.finish()
+            }
 
 
-  #[inline]
+            #[inline]
-  pub fn num_stars(&self) -> i64 {
+            pub fn age(&self) -> f64 {
-    // Safety:
+                // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
+                // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
+                // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<i64>(Galaxy::VT_NUM_STARS, Some(0)).unwrap()}
+                unsafe { self._tab.get::<f64>(Universe::VT_AGE, Some(0.0)).unwrap()}
-  }
+            }
-}
 
-impl ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for Galaxy<'_> {
+            #[inline]
-  #[inline]
+            pub fn galaxies(&self) -> Option<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy<'a>>>> {
-  fn run_verifier(
+                // Safety:
-    v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+                // Created from valid Table for this object
-  ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+                // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    v.visit_table(pos)?
+                unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy>>>>(Universe::VT_GALAXIES, None)}
-     .visit_field::<i64>("num_stars", Self::VT_NUM_STARS, false)?
+            }
-     .finish();
+        }
-    Ok(())
-  }
-}
-pub struct GalaxyArgs {
-    pub num_stars: i64,
-}
-impl<'a> Default for GalaxyArgs {
-  #[inline]
-  fn default() -> Self {
-    GalaxyArgs {
-      num_stars: 0,
-    }
-  }
-}
 
-pub struct GalaxyBuilder<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> {
+        impl ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for Universe<'_> {
-  fbb_: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+            #[inline]
-  start_: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
+            fn run_verifier(
-}
+                v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
-impl<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> GalaxyBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+            ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  #[inline]
+                v.visit_table(pos)?
-  pub fn add_num_stars(&mut self, num_stars: i64) {
+                    .visit_field::<f64>("age", Self::VT_AGE, false)?
-    self.fbb_.push_slot::<i64>(Galaxy::VT_NUM_STARS, num_stars, 0);
+                    .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'_, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy>>>>("galaxies", Self::VT_GALAXIES, false)?
-  }
+                    .finish();
-  #[inline]
+                Ok(())
-  pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> GalaxyBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+            }
-    let start = _fbb.start_table();
+        }
-    GalaxyBuilder {
-      fbb_: _fbb,
-      start_: start,
-    }
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn finish(self) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Galaxy<'a>> {
-    let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
-    ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
-  }
-}
 
-impl ::core::fmt::Debug for Galaxy<'_> {
+        pub struct UniverseArgs<'a> {
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+            pub age: f64,
-    let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Galaxy");
+            pub galaxies: Option<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy<'a>>>>>,
-      ds.field("num_stars", &self.num_stars());
+        }
-      ds.finish()
-  }
-}
-pub enum UniverseOffset {}
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
 
-pub struct Universe<'a> {
+        impl<'a> Default for UniverseArgs<'a> {
-  pub _tab: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
+            #[inline]
-}
+            fn default() -> Self {
+                UniverseArgs {
+                    age: 0.0,
+                    galaxies: None,
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
-impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Universe<'a> {
+        pub struct UniverseBuilder<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> {
-  type Inner = Universe<'a>;
+            fbb_: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
-  #[inline]
+            start_: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
-  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+        }
-    Self { _tab: unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
-  }
-}
 
-impl<'a> Universe<'a> {
+        impl<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> UniverseBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
-  pub const VT_AGE: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
+            #[inline]
-  pub const VT_GALAXIES: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 6;
+            pub fn add_age(&mut self, age: f64) {
+                self.fbb_.push_slot::<f64>(Universe::VT_AGE, age, 0.0);
+            }
 
-  #[inline]
+            #[inline]
-  pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
+            pub fn add_galaxies(&mut self, galaxies: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'b , ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy<'b >>>>) {
-    Universe { _tab: table }
+                self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Universe::VT_GALAXIES, galaxies);
-  }
+            }
-  #[allow(unused_mut)]
-  pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
-    _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
-    args: &'args UniverseArgs<'args>
-  ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'bldr>> {
-    let mut builder = UniverseBuilder::new(_fbb);
-    builder.add_age(args.age);
-    if let Some(x) = args.galaxies { builder.add_galaxies(x); }
-    builder.finish()
-  }
 
+            #[inline]
+            pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> UniverseBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+                let start = _fbb.start_table();
+                UniverseBuilder {
+                    fbb_: _fbb,
+                    start_: start,
+                }
+            }
 
-  #[inline]
+            #[inline]
-  pub fn age(&self) -> f64 {
+            pub fn finish(self) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'a>> {
-    // Safety:
+                let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
+                ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
+            }
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<f64>(Universe::VT_AGE, Some(0.0)).unwrap()}
+        }
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn galaxies(&self) -> Option<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy<'a>>>> {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy>>>>(Universe::VT_GALAXIES, None)}
-  }
-}
 
-impl ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for Universe<'_> {
+        impl ::core::fmt::Debug for Universe<'_> {
-  #[inline]
+            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
-  fn run_verifier(
+                let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Universe");
-    v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+                ds.field("age", &self.age());
-  ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+                ds.field("galaxies", &self.galaxies());
-    v.visit_table(pos)?
+                ds.finish()
-     .visit_field::<f64>("age", Self::VT_AGE, false)?
+            }
-     .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'_, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy>>>>("galaxies", Self::VT_GALAXIES, false)?
+        }
-     .finish();
-    Ok(())
-  }
-}
-pub struct UniverseArgs<'a> {
-    pub age: f64,
-    pub galaxies: Option<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy<'a>>>>>,
-}
-impl<'a> Default for UniverseArgs<'a> {
-  #[inline]
-  fn default() -> Self {
-    UniverseArgs {
-      age: 0.0,
-      galaxies: None,
-    }
-  }
-}
 
-pub struct UniverseBuilder<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> {
+        /// Verifies that a buffer of bytes contains a `Universe`
-  fbb_: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+        /// and returns it.
-  start_: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
+        /// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
-}
+        /// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
-impl<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> UniverseBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+        /// previous, unchecked, behavior use
-  #[inline]
+        /// `root_as_universe_unchecked`.
-  pub fn add_age(&mut self, age: f64) {
+        #[inline]
-    self.fbb_.push_slot::<f64>(Universe::VT_AGE, age, 0.0);
+        pub fn root_as_universe(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Universe<'_>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  }
+            ::flatbuffers::root::<Universe>(buf)
-  #[inline]
+        }
-  pub fn add_galaxies(&mut self, galaxies: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'b , ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Galaxy<'b >>>>) {
-    self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Universe::VT_GALAXIES, galaxies);
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> UniverseBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
-    let start = _fbb.start_table();
-    UniverseBuilder {
-      fbb_: _fbb,
-      start_: start,
-    }
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn finish(self) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'a>> {
-    let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
-    ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
-  }
-}
 
-impl ::core::fmt::Debug for Universe<'_> {
+        /// Verifies that a buffer of bytes contains a size prefixed
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+        /// `Universe` and returns it.
-    let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Universe");
+        /// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
-      ds.field("age", &self.age());
+        /// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
-      ds.field("galaxies", &self.galaxies());
+        /// previous, unchecked, behavior use
-      ds.finish()
+        /// `size_prefixed_root_as_universe_unchecked`.
-  }
+        #[inline]
-}
+        pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_universe(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Universe<'_>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-#[inline]
+            ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root::<Universe>(buf)
-/// Verifies that a buffer of bytes contains a `Universe`
+        }
-/// and returns it.
-/// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
-/// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
-/// previous, unchecked, behavior use
-/// `root_as_universe_unchecked`.
-pub fn root_as_universe(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Universe<'_>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  ::flatbuffers::root::<Universe>(buf)
-}
-#[inline]
-/// Verifies that a buffer of bytes contains a size prefixed
-/// `Universe` and returns it.
-/// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
-/// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
-/// previous, unchecked, behavior use
-/// `size_prefixed_root_as_universe_unchecked`.
-pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_universe(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Universe<'_>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root::<Universe>(buf)
-}
-#[inline]
-/// Verifies, with the given options, that a buffer of bytes
-/// contains a `Universe` and returns it.
-/// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
-/// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
-/// previous, unchecked, behavior use
-/// `root_as_universe_unchecked`.
-pub fn root_as_universe_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
-  opts: &'o ::flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
-  buf: &'b [u8],
-) -> Result<Universe<'b>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  ::flatbuffers::root_with_opts::<Universe<'b>>(opts, buf)
-}
-#[inline]
-/// Verifies, with the given verifier options, that a buffer of
-/// bytes contains a size prefixed `Universe` and returns
-/// it. Note that verification is still experimental and may not
-/// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
-/// previous, unchecked, behavior use
-/// `root_as_universe_unchecked`.
-pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_universe_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
-  opts: &'o ::flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
-  buf: &'b [u8],
-) -> Result<Universe<'b>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_with_opts::<Universe<'b>>(opts, buf)
-}
-#[inline]
-/// Assumes, without verification, that a buffer of bytes contains a Universe and returns it.
-/// # Safety
-/// Callers must trust the given bytes do indeed contain a valid `Universe`.
-pub unsafe fn root_as_universe_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> Universe<'_> {
-  unsafe { ::flatbuffers::root_unchecked::<Universe>(buf) }
-}
-#[inline]
-/// Assumes, without verification, that a buffer of bytes contains a size prefixed Universe and returns it.
-/// # Safety
-/// Callers must trust the given bytes do indeed contain a valid size prefixed `Universe`.
-pub unsafe fn size_prefixed_root_as_universe_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> Universe<'_> {
-  unsafe { ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_unchecked::<Universe>(buf) }
-}
-#[inline]
-pub fn finish_universe_buffer<'a, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(
-    fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
-    root: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'a>>) {
-  fbb.finish(root, None);
-}
 
-#[inline]
+        /// Verifies, with the given options, that a buffer of bytes
-pub fn finish_size_prefixed_universe_buffer<'a, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>, root: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'a>>) {
+        /// contains a `Universe` and returns it.
-  fbb.finish_size_prefixed(root, None);
+        /// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
-}
+        /// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
-}  // pub mod goldens
+        /// previous, unchecked, behavior use
-}  // pub mod flatbuffers
+        /// `root_as_universe_unchecked`.
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn root_as_universe_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
+            opts: &'o ::flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
+            buf: &'b [u8],
+        ) -> Result<Universe<'b>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+            ::flatbuffers::root_with_opts::<Universe<'b>>(opts, buf)
+        }
 
+        /// Verifies, with the given verifier options, that a buffer of
+        /// bytes contains a size prefixed `Universe` and returns
+        /// it. Note that verification is still experimental and may not
+        /// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
+        /// previous, unchecked, behavior use
+        /// `root_as_universe_unchecked`.
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_universe_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
+            opts: &'o ::flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
+            buf: &'b [u8],
+        ) -> Result<Universe<'b>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+            ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_with_opts::<Universe<'b>>(opts, buf)
+        }
+
+        /// Assumes, without verification, that a buffer of bytes contains a Universe and returns it.
+        /// # Safety
+        /// Callers must trust the given bytes do indeed contain a valid `Universe`.
+        #[inline]
+        pub unsafe fn root_as_universe_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> Universe<'_> {
+            unsafe { ::flatbuffers::root_unchecked::<Universe>(buf) }
+        }
+
+        /// Assumes, without verification, that a buffer of bytes contains a size prefixed Universe and returns it.
+        /// # Safety
+        /// Callers must trust the given bytes do indeed contain a valid size prefixed `Universe`.
+        #[inline]
+        pub unsafe fn size_prefixed_root_as_universe_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> Universe<'_> {
+            unsafe { ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_unchecked::<Universe>(buf) }
+        }
+
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn finish_universe_buffer<'a, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(
+            fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+            root: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'a>>
+        ) {
+            fbb.finish(root, None);
+        }
+
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn finish_size_prefixed_universe_buffer<'a, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(
+            fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+            root: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Universe<'a>>
+        ) {
+            fbb.finish_size_prefixed(root, None);
+        }
+    } // pub mod goldens
+} // pub mod flatbuffers

goldens/ts/flatbuffers/goldens/universe.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import * as flatbuffers from 'flatbuffers';
 
-import { Galaxy } from '../../flatbuffers/goldens/galaxy.js';
+import { Galaxy } from './galaxy.js';
 
 
 export class Universe {

grpc/examples/greeter_v2.fbs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+namespace models;
+
+table HelloResponse {
+  message:string;
+}
+
+table HelloRequest {
+  name:string;
+}
+
+rpc_service Greeter {
+  Get(HelloRequest):HelloResponse;
+  Collect(HelloRequest):HelloResponse (streaming: "client");
+  Expand(HelloRequest):HelloResponse (streaming: "server");
+  Update(HelloRequest):HelloResponse (streaming: "bidi");
+}

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Package.swift

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// swift-tools-version:5.10
+// swift-tools-version:6.2
 /*
  * Copyright 2020 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
@@ -20,39 +20,43 @@ import PackageDescription
 let package = Package(
   name: "Greeter",
   platforms: [
-    .iOS(.v12),
+    .iOS(.v18),
-    .macOS(.v10_14),
+    .macOS(.v15),
   ],
   dependencies: [
-    .package(path: "../../../../swift"),
+    .package(path: "../../../.."),
-    .package(url: "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift.git", from: "1.0.0"),
+    .package(url: "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift-2.git", from: "2.0.0"),
+    .package(
+      url: "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-swift-nio-transport.git",
+      from: "2.0.0"),
+    .package(
+      url: "https://github.com/apple/swift-argument-parser.git",
+      from: "1.5.0"),
   ],
   targets: [
     // Targets are the basic building blocks of a package. A target can define a module or a test suite.
     // Targets can depend on other targets in this package, and on products in packages which this package depends on.
     .target(
-      name: "Model",
+      name: "Models",
       dependencies: [
-        "GRPC",
+        .product(name: "FlatBuffers", package: "flatbuffers"),
-        "FlatBuffers",
+        .product(name: "GRPCCore", package: "grpc-swift-2"),
-      ],
+        .product(
-      path: "Sources/Model"),
+          name: "GRPCNIOTransportHTTP2",
+          package: "grpc-swift-nio-transport"),
+      ]),
 
     // Client for the Greeter example
-    .target(
+    .executableTarget(
-      name: "Client",
+      name: "Commands",
       dependencies: [
-        "GRPC",
+        .product(name: "GRPCCore", package: "grpc-swift-2"),
-        "Model",
+        .product(
-      ],
+          name: "GRPCNIOTransportHTTP2",
-      path: "Sources/client"),
+          package: "grpc-swift-nio-transport"),
-
+        .product(
-    // Server for the Greeter example
+          name: "ArgumentParser",
-    .target(
+          package: "swift-argument-parser"),
-      name: "Server",
+        "Models",
-      dependencies: [
+      ]),
-        "GRPC",
-        "Model",
-      ],
-      path: "Sources/server"),
   ])

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Commands/Commands.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import ArgumentParser
+
+let port = 3000
+
+@main
+struct GreeterCommand: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static let configuration = CommandConfiguration(
+    commandName: "greeter",
+    abstract: "A multi-tool to run an echo server and execute RPCs against it.",
+    subcommands: [ServerCommand.self, ClientCommand.self])
+}
+

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Commands/Services/GreeterService.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import FlatBuffers
+import GRPCCore
+import Models
+
+struct GreeterService: models_Greeter.SimpleServiceProtocol {
+  func Get(
+    request: GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+    context: GRPCCore
+      .ServerContext) async throws -> GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>
+  {
+    let model = try request.decode()
+    print("## GreeterService.Get: \(model.message)")
+
+    var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 128)
+    let off = builder.create(string: "Hello \(model.message ?? "Unknown")")
+    let root = models_HelloResponse.createHelloResponse(
+      &builder,
+      messageOffset: off)
+    builder.finish(offset: root)
+    return try GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>(builder: &builder)
+  }
+
+  func Collect(
+    request: GRPCCore.RPCAsyncSequence<
+      GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+      any Swift.Error
+    >,
+    context: GRPCCore
+      .ServerContext) async throws -> GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>
+  {
+    let messages: [String] = try await request
+      .reduce(into: []) { array, message in
+        let model = try message.decode()
+        return array.append(model.message ?? "Unknown")
+      }
+
+    let joined = messages.joined(separator: ", ")
+    print("## GreeterService.Collect: \(joined)")
+
+    var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 128)
+    let off = builder.create(string: "Hello \(joined)")
+    let root = models_HelloResponse.createHelloResponse(
+      &builder,
+      messageOffset: off)
+    builder.finish(offset: root)
+    return try GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>(builder: &builder)
+  }
+
+  func Expand(
+    request: GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+    response: GRPCCore.RPCWriter<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext) async throws
+  {
+
+    let model = try request.decode()
+    print("## GreeterService.Expand: \(model.message)")
+
+    let message = model.message ?? "Unknown"
+    let stream = AsyncThrowingStream<
+      GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+      Error
+    > { continuation in
+      var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 128)
+      for char in message {
+        let off = builder.create(string: "\(char)")
+        let root = models_HelloResponse.createHelloResponse(
+          &builder,
+          messageOffset: off)
+        builder.finish(offset: root)
+
+        do {
+          continuation
+            .yield(try GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>(builder: &builder))
+        } catch {
+          continuation.finish(throwing: error)
+        }
+      }
+
+      continuation.finish()
+    }
+    try await response.write(contentsOf: stream)
+  }
+
+  func Update(
+    request: GRPCCore.RPCAsyncSequence<
+      GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+      any Swift.Error
+    >,
+    response: GRPCCore.RPCWriter<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext) async throws
+  {
+    for try await message in request {
+      let model = try message.decode()
+      print("## GreeterService.Update: \(model.message)")
+      var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 128)
+      let off = builder.create(string: "Hello \(model.message ?? "Unknown")")
+      let root = models_HelloResponse.createHelloResponse(
+        &builder,
+        messageOffset: off)
+      builder.finish(offset: root)
+      try await response
+        .write(try GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>(builder: &builder))
+    }
+  }
+}

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Commands/Subcommands/ClientCommand.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import ArgumentParser
+import FlatBuffers
+import GRPCCore
+import GRPCNIOTransportHTTP2
+import Models
+
+enum ClientRequest: String, ExpressibleByArgument {
+  case get, expand, collect, update
+}
+
+struct ClientCommand: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static let configuration = CommandConfiguration(
+    commandName: "client")
+
+  @Option(help: "Name to send to the server")
+  var name: String
+
+  @Option(help: "request type")
+  var request: ClientRequest
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    try await withGRPCClient(
+      transport: .http2NIOPosix(
+        target: .dns(host: "localhost", port: port),
+        transportSecurity: .plaintext))
+    {
+      let client = models_Greeter.Client(wrapping: $0)
+
+      switch request {
+      case .get: try await get(client: client)
+      case .expand: try await expand(client: client)
+      case .collect: try await collect(client: client)
+      case .update: try await update(client: client)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  func get(
+    client: models_Greeter
+      .Client<HTTP2ClientTransport.Posix>) async throws
+  {
+    for _ in 0..<3 {
+      var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 64)
+      let off = builder.create(string: name)
+      let root = models_HelloRequest.createHelloRequest(
+        &builder,
+        nameOffset: off)
+      builder.finish(offset: root)
+
+      let response = try await client
+        .Get(GRPCMessage(builder: &builder))
+      let message = try? response.decode().message
+      print("get message: \(message ?? "nil")")
+    }
+  }
+
+  func expand(
+    client: models_Greeter
+      .Client<HTTP2ClientTransport.Posix>) async throws
+  {
+    for _ in 0..<3 {
+      var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 64)
+      let off = builder.create(string: name)
+      let root = models_HelloRequest.createHelloRequest(
+        &builder,
+        nameOffset: off)
+      builder.finish(offset: root)
+      try await client.Expand(GRPCMessage(builder: &builder)) { response in
+        for try await message in response.messages {
+          let message = try? message.decode().message
+          print("expand message: \(message ?? "nil")")
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  func collect(
+    client: models_Greeter
+      .Client<HTTP2ClientTransport.Posix>) async throws
+  {
+    for _ in 0..<3 {
+      let response = try await client.Collect { writer in
+        for part in name {
+          print("collect sending: \(part)")
+          var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 64)
+          let off = builder.create(string: String(part))
+          let root = models_HelloRequest.createHelloRequest(
+            &builder,
+            nameOffset: off)
+          builder.finish(offset: root)
+          try await writer.write(GRPCMessage(builder: &builder))
+        }
+      }
+
+      let message = try response.decode().message
+      print("collect message: \(message ?? "nil")")
+    }
+  }
+
+  func update(
+    client: models_Greeter
+      .Client<HTTP2ClientTransport.Posix>) async throws
+  {
+    for _ in 0..<3 {
+      try await client.Update { writer in
+        for part in name {
+          print("update sending: \(part)")
+          var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 64)
+          let off = builder.create(string: String(part))
+          let root = models_HelloRequest.createHelloRequest(
+            &builder,
+            nameOffset: off)
+          builder.finish(offset: root)
+          try await writer.write(GRPCMessage(builder: &builder))
+        }
+      } onResponse: { response in
+        for try await message in response.messages {
+          let message = try message.decode().message
+          print("collect message: \(message ?? "nil")")
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Commands/Subcommands/ServerCommand.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import ArgumentParser
+import GRPCCore
+import GRPCNIOTransportHTTP2
+
+struct ServerCommand: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static let configuration = CommandConfiguration(
+    commandName: "serve")
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    let server = GRPCServer(
+      transport: .http2NIOPosix(
+        address: .ipv4(host: "127.0.0.1", port: port),
+        transportSecurity: .plaintext),
+      services: [GreeterService()])
+
+    try await withThrowingDiscardingTaskGroup { group in
+      group.addTask { try await server.serve() }
+      if let address = try await server.listeningAddress {
+        print("Echo listening on \(address)")
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Model/greeter.grpc.swift

@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-// Generated GRPC code for FlatBuffers swift!
-/// The following code is generated by the Flatbuffers library which might not be in sync with grpc-swift
-/// in case of an issue please open github issue, though it would be maintained
-
-// swiftlint:disable all
-// swiftformat:disable all
-
-#if !os(Windows)
-import Foundation
-import GRPC
-import NIO
-import NIOHTTP1
-import FlatBuffers
-
-public protocol GRPCFlatBufPayload: GRPCPayload, FlatBufferGRPCMessage {}
-public extension GRPCFlatBufPayload {
-  init(serializedByteBuffer: inout NIO.ByteBuffer) throws {
-    self.init(byteBuffer: FlatBuffers.ByteBuffer(contiguousBytes: serializedByteBuffer.readableBytesView, count: serializedByteBuffer.readableBytes))
-  }
-  func serialize(into buffer: inout NIO.ByteBuffer) throws {
-    withUnsafeReadableBytes { buffer.writeBytes($0) }
-  }
-}
-extension Message: GRPCFlatBufPayload {}
-
-/// Usage: instantiate models_GreeterServiceClient, then call methods of this protocol to make API calls.
-public protocol models_GreeterClientProtocol: GRPCClient {
-
-  var serviceName: String { get }
-
-  var interceptors: models_GreeterClientInterceptorFactoryProtocol? { get }
-
-  func SayHello(
-    _ request: Message<models_HelloRequest>
-    , callOptions: CallOptions?
-  ) -> UnaryCall<Message<models_HelloRequest>, Message<models_HelloReply>>
-
-  func SayManyHellos(
-    _ request: Message<models_HelloRequest>
-    , callOptions: CallOptions?,
-    handler: @escaping (Message<models_HelloReply>) -> Void
-  ) -> ServerStreamingCall<Message<models_HelloRequest>, Message<models_HelloReply>>
-
-}
-
-extension models_GreeterClientProtocol {
-
-  public var serviceName: String { "models.Greeter" }
-
-  public func SayHello(
-    _ request: Message<models_HelloRequest>
-    , callOptions: CallOptions? = nil
-  ) -> UnaryCall<Message<models_HelloRequest>, Message<models_HelloReply>> {
-    return self.makeUnaryCall(
-      path: "/models.Greeter/SayHello",
-      request: request,
-      callOptions: callOptions ?? self.defaultCallOptions,
-      interceptors: self.interceptors?.makeSayHelloInterceptors() ?? []
-    )
-  }
-
-  public func SayManyHellos(
-    _ request: Message<models_HelloRequest>
-    , callOptions: CallOptions? = nil,
-    handler: @escaping (Message<models_HelloReply>) -> Void
-  ) -> ServerStreamingCall<Message<models_HelloRequest>, Message<models_HelloReply>> {
-    return self.makeServerStreamingCall(
-      path: "/models.Greeter/SayManyHellos",
-      request: request,
-      callOptions: callOptions ?? self.defaultCallOptions,
-      interceptors: self.interceptors?.makeSayManyHellosInterceptors() ?? [],
-      handler: handler
-    )
-  }
-}
-
-public protocol models_GreeterClientInterceptorFactoryProtocol {
-  /// - Returns: Interceptors to use when invoking 'SayHello'.
-  func makeSayHelloInterceptors() -> [ClientInterceptor<Message<models_HelloRequest>, Message<models_HelloReply>>]
-
-  /// - Returns: Interceptors to use when invoking 'SayManyHellos'.
-  func makeSayManyHellosInterceptors() -> [ClientInterceptor<Message<models_HelloRequest>, Message<models_HelloReply>>]
-
-}
-
-public final class models_GreeterServiceClient: models_GreeterClientProtocol {
-  public let channel: GRPCChannel
-  public var defaultCallOptions: CallOptions
-  public var interceptors: models_GreeterClientInterceptorFactoryProtocol?
-
-  public init(
-    channel: GRPCChannel,
-    defaultCallOptions: CallOptions = CallOptions(),
-    interceptors: models_GreeterClientInterceptorFactoryProtocol? = nil
-  ) {
-    self.channel = channel
-    self.defaultCallOptions = defaultCallOptions
-    self.interceptors = interceptors
-  }
-}
-
-public protocol models_GreeterProvider: CallHandlerProvider {
-  var interceptors: models_GreeterServerInterceptorFactoryProtocol? { get }
-  func SayHello(request: Message<models_HelloRequest>, context: StatusOnlyCallContext) -> EventLoopFuture<Message<models_HelloReply>>
-  func SayManyHellos(request: Message<models_HelloRequest>, context: StreamingResponseCallContext<Message<models_HelloReply>>) -> EventLoopFuture<GRPCStatus>
-}
-
-public extension models_GreeterProvider {
-
-  var serviceName: Substring { return "models.Greeter" }
-
-  func handle(method name: Substring, context: CallHandlerContext) -> GRPCServerHandlerProtocol? {
-    switch name {
-    case "SayHello":
-    return UnaryServerHandler(
-      context: context,
-      requestDeserializer: GRPCPayloadDeserializer<Message<models_HelloRequest>>(),
-      responseSerializer: GRPCPayloadSerializer<Message<models_HelloReply>>(),
-      interceptors: self.interceptors?.makeSayHelloInterceptors() ?? [],
-      userFunction: self.SayHello(request:context:))
-
-    case "SayManyHellos":
-    return ServerStreamingServerHandler(
-      context: context,
-      requestDeserializer: GRPCPayloadDeserializer<Message<models_HelloRequest>>(),
-      responseSerializer: GRPCPayloadSerializer<Message<models_HelloReply>>(),
-      interceptors: self.interceptors?.makeSayManyHellosInterceptors() ?? [],
-      userFunction: self.SayManyHellos(request:context:))
-
-    default: return nil;
-    }
-  }
-
-}
-
-public protocol models_GreeterServerInterceptorFactoryProtocol {
-  /// - Returns: Interceptors to use when handling 'SayHello'.
-  ///   Defaults to calling `self.makeInterceptors()`.
-  func makeSayHelloInterceptors() -> [ServerInterceptor<Message<models_HelloRequest>, Message<models_HelloReply>>]
-
-  /// - Returns: Interceptors to use when handling 'SayManyHellos'.
-  ///   Defaults to calling `self.makeInterceptors()`.
-  func makeSayManyHellosInterceptors() -> [ServerInterceptor<Message<models_HelloRequest>, Message<models_HelloReply>>]
-
-}
-#endif
-

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Models/greeter_v2.grpc.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+// Generated GRPC code for FlatBuffers swift!
+/// The following code is generated by the Flatbuffers library which might not be in sync with grpc-swift
+/// in case of an issue please open github issue, though it would be maintained
+
+// swiftlint:disable all
+// swiftformat:disable all
+
+#if !os(Windows) && compiler(>=6.0)
+import FlatBuffers
+import Foundation
+import GRPCCore
+import GRPCNIOTransportCore
+
+
+/// Usage: instantiate models.GreeterServiceClient, then call methods of this protocol to make API calls.
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension FlatBuffersMessageSerializer: MessageSerializer {
+  public func serialize<Bytes>(_ message: Message) throws -> Bytes where Bytes : GRPCCore.GRPCContiguousBytes {
+    do {
+      return try self.serialize(message: message) { GRPCNIOTransportBytes($0) } as! Bytes
+    } catch let error {
+      throw RPCError(
+        code: .invalidArgument,
+        message: "Can't serialize message",
+        cause: error
+      )
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer: MessageDeserializer {
+  public func deserialize<Bytes>(_ serializedMessageBytes: Bytes) throws -> Message where Bytes : GRPCCore.GRPCContiguousBytes {
+    do {
+      return try serializedMessageBytes.withUnsafeBytes {
+        try self.deserialize(pointer: $0)
+      }
+    } catch let error {
+      throw RPCError(
+        code: .invalidArgument,
+        message: "Can't Decode message of type \(Message.self)",
+        cause: error
+      )
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+public enum models_Greeter: Sendable {
+  public static let descriptor = GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor(fullyQualifiedService: "models.Greeter")
+  public enum Method: Sendable {
+    public enum Get: Sendable {
+      public typealias Input = FlatBufferBuilder
+      public typealias Output = models_HelloResponse
+      public static let descriptor = GRPCCore.MethodDescriptor(
+        service: GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor(fullyQualifiedService: "models.Greeter"),
+        method: "Get"
+      )
+    }
+    public enum Collect: Sendable {
+      public typealias Input = FlatBufferBuilder
+      public typealias Output = models_HelloResponse
+      public static let descriptor = GRPCCore.MethodDescriptor(
+        service: GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor(fullyQualifiedService: "models.Greeter"),
+        method: "Collect"
+      )
+    }
+    public enum Expand: Sendable {
+      public typealias Input = FlatBufferBuilder
+      public typealias Output = models_HelloResponse
+      public static let descriptor = GRPCCore.MethodDescriptor(
+        service: GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor(fullyQualifiedService: "models.Greeter"),
+        method: "Expand"
+      )
+    }
+    public enum Update: Sendable {
+      public typealias Input = FlatBufferBuilder
+      public typealias Output = models_HelloResponse
+      public static let descriptor = GRPCCore.MethodDescriptor(
+        service: GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor(fullyQualifiedService: "models.Greeter"),
+        method: "Update"
+      )
+    }
+    public static let descriptors: [GRPCCore.MethodDescriptor] = [
+      Get.descriptor,
+      Collect.descriptor,
+      Expand.descriptor,
+      Update.descriptor,
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor {
+  public static let models_Greeter = GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor(fullyQualifiedService: "models.Greeter")
+}
+
+// MARK: models.Greeter Server
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter {
+  public protocol StreamingServiceProtocol: GRPCCore.RegistrableRPCService {
+    func Get(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+    func Collect(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+    func Expand(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+    func Update(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+  }
+  
+  public protocol ServiceProtocol: models_Greeter.StreamingServiceProtocol {
+    func Get(
+      request: GRPCCore.ServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.ServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+    func Collect(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.ServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+    func Expand(
+      request: GRPCCore.ServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+    func Update(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+  }
+  
+  public protocol SimpleServiceProtocol: models_Greeter.ServiceProtocol {
+    func Get(
+      request: GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>
+    
+    func Collect(
+      request: GRPCCore.RPCAsyncSequence<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>, any Swift.Error>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>
+    
+    func Expand(
+      request: GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+      response: GRPCCore.RPCWriter<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws
+    
+    func Update(
+      request: GRPCCore.RPCAsyncSequence<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>, any Swift.Error>,
+      response: GRPCCore.RPCWriter<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws
+    
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter.StreamingServiceProtocol {
+  public func registerMethods<Transport>(with router: inout GRPCCore.RPCRouter<Transport>) where Transport: GRPCCore.ServerTransport {
+    router.registerHandler(
+      forMethod: models_Greeter.Method.Get.descriptor,
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      handler: { request, context in
+        try await self.Get(
+          request: request,
+          context: context
+        )
+      }
+    )
+    router.registerHandler(
+      forMethod: models_Greeter.Method.Collect.descriptor,
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      handler: { request, context in
+        try await self.Collect(
+          request: request,
+          context: context
+        )
+      }
+    )
+    router.registerHandler(
+      forMethod: models_Greeter.Method.Expand.descriptor,
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      handler: { request, context in
+        try await self.Expand(
+          request: request,
+          context: context
+        )
+      }
+    )
+    router.registerHandler(
+      forMethod: models_Greeter.Method.Update.descriptor,
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      handler: { request, context in
+        try await self.Update(
+          request: request,
+          context: context
+        )
+      }
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter.ServiceProtocol {
+  public func Get(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    let response = try await self.Get(
+      request: GRPCCore.ServerRequest(stream: request),
+      context: context
+    )
+    return GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse(single: response)
+  }
+  public func Collect(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    let response = try await self.Collect(
+      request: request,
+      context: context
+    )
+    return GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse(single: response)
+  }
+  public func Expand(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    let response = try await self.Expand(
+      request: GRPCCore.ServerRequest(stream: request),
+      context: context
+    )
+    return response
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter.SimpleServiceProtocol {
+  public func Get(
+    request: GRPCCore.ServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.ServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    return GRPCCore.ServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      message: try await self.Get(
+        request: request.message,
+        context: context
+      ),
+      metadata: [:]
+    )
+  }
+  public func Collect(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.ServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    return GRPCCore.ServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      message: try await self.Collect(
+        request: request.messages,
+        context: context
+      ),
+      metadata: [:]
+    )
+  }
+  public func Expand(
+    request: GRPCCore.ServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    return GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      metadata: [:],
+      producer: { writer in
+        try await self.Expand(
+          request: request.message,
+          response: writer,
+          context: context
+        )
+        return [:]
+      }
+    )
+  }
+  public func Update(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    return GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      metadata: [:],
+      producer: { writer in
+        try await self.Update(
+          request: request.messages,
+          response: writer,
+          context: context
+        )
+        return [:]
+      }
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+
+// MARK: models.Greeter Client
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter {
+  public protocol ClientProtocol: Sendable {
+    func Get<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable
+    
+    func Collect<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable
+    
+    func Expand<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable
+    
+    func Update<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable
+    
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter {
+  public struct Client<Transport>: ClientProtocol where Transport: GRPCCore.ClientTransport {
+    private let client: GRPCCore.GRPCClient<Transport>
+    
+    public init(wrapping client: GRPCCore.GRPCClient<Transport>) {
+      self.client = client
+    }
+    
+    public func Get<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result = { response in try response.message }
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+      try await self.client.unary(
+        request: request,
+        descriptor: models_Greeter.Method.Get.descriptor,
+        serializer: serializer,
+        deserializer: deserializer,
+        options: options,
+        onResponse: handleResponse
+      )
+    }
+    
+    public func Collect<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result = { response in try response.message }
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+      try await self.client.clientStreaming(
+        request: request,
+        descriptor: models_Greeter.Method.Collect.descriptor,
+        serializer: serializer,
+        deserializer: deserializer,
+        options: options,
+        onResponse: handleResponse
+      )
+    }
+    
+    public func Expand<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+      try await self.client.serverStreaming(
+        request: request,
+        descriptor: models_Greeter.Method.Expand.descriptor,
+        serializer: serializer,
+        deserializer: deserializer,
+        options: options,
+        onResponse: handleResponse
+      )
+    }
+    
+    public func Update<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+      try await self.client.bidirectionalStreaming(
+        request: request,
+        descriptor: models_Greeter.Method.Update.descriptor,
+        serializer: serializer,
+        deserializer: deserializer,
+        options: options,
+        onResponse: handleResponse
+      )
+    }
+    
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter.ClientProtocol {
+  public func Get<Result>(
+    request: GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result = { response in try response.message }
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    try await self.Get(
+      request: request,
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+  public func Collect<Result>(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result = { response in try response.message }
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    try await self.Collect(
+      request: request,
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+  public func Expand<Result>(
+    request: GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    try await self.Expand(
+      request: request,
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+  public func Update<Result>(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    try await self.Update(
+      request: request,
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter.ClientProtocol {
+  public func Get<Result>(
+    _ message: GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+    metadata: GRPCCore.Metadata = [:],
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result = { try $0.message }
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    let request = GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      message: message,
+      metadata: metadata
+    )
+    return try await self.Get(
+      request: request,
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+  public func Collect<Result>(
+    metadata: GRPCCore.Metadata = [:],
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    requestProducer producer: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.RPCWriter<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Void,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result = { try $0.message }
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    let request = GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      metadata: metadata,
+      producer: producer
+    )
+    return try await self.Collect(
+      request: request,
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+  public func Expand<Result>(
+    _ message: GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+    metadata: GRPCCore.Metadata = [:],
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    let request = GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      message: message,
+      metadata: metadata
+    )
+    return try await self.Expand(
+      request: request,
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+  public func Update<Result>(
+    metadata: GRPCCore.Metadata = [:],
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    requestProducer producer: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.RPCWriter<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Void,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    let request = GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      metadata: metadata,
+      producer: producer
+    )
+    return try await self.Update(
+      request: request,
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+}
+
+#endif
+

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Models/greeter_v2_generated.swift

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import Common
 
 import FlatBuffers
 
-public struct models_HelloReply: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable, Verifiable {
+public struct models_HelloResponse: FlatBufferVerifiableTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable {
 
   static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_12_19() }
   public var __buffer: ByteBuffer! { return _accessor.bb }
@@ -17,45 +17,43 @@ public struct models_HelloReply: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable
   private init(_ t: Table) { _accessor = t }
   public init(_ bb: ByteBuffer, o: Int32) { _accessor = Table(bb: bb, position: o) }
 
-  private enum VTOFFSET: VOffset {
+  private struct VT {
-    case message = 4
+    static let message: VOffset = 4
-    var v: Int32 { Int32(self.rawValue) }
-    var p: VOffset { self.rawValue }
   }
 
-  public var message: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.message.v); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
+  public var message: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.message); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
-  public var messageSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VTOFFSET.message.v) }
+  public var messageSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VT.message) }
-  public static func startHelloReply(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) -> UOffset { fbb.startTable(with: 1) }
+  public static func startHelloResponse(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) -> UOffset { fbb.startTable(with: 1) }
-  public static func add(message: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: message, at: VTOFFSET.message.p) }
+  public static func add(message: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: message, at: VT.message) }
-  public static func endHelloReply(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder, start: UOffset) -> Offset { let end = Offset(offset: fbb.endTable(at: start)); return end }
+  public static func endHelloResponse(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder, start: UOffset) -> Offset { let end = Offset(offset: fbb.endTable(at: start)); return end }
-  public static func createHelloReply(
+  public static func createHelloResponse(
     _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder,
     messageOffset message: Offset = Offset()
   ) -> Offset {
-    let __start = models_HelloReply.startHelloReply(&fbb)
+    let __start = models_HelloResponse.startHelloResponse(&fbb)
-    models_HelloReply.add(message: message, &fbb)
+    models_HelloResponse.add(message: message, &fbb)
-    return models_HelloReply.endHelloReply(&fbb, start: __start)
+    return models_HelloResponse.endHelloResponse(&fbb, start: __start)
   }
 
   public static func verify<T>(_ verifier: inout Verifier, at position: Int, of type: T.Type) throws where T: Verifiable {
     var _v = try verifier.visitTable(at: position)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.message.p, fieldName: "message", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.message, fieldName: "message", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
     _v.finish()
   }
 }
 
-extension models_HelloReply: Encodable {
+extension models_HelloResponse: Encodable {
-
   enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
     case message = "message"
   }
+
   public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
     var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
     try container.encodeIfPresent(message, forKey: .message)
   }
 }
 
-public struct models_HelloRequest: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable, Verifiable {
+public struct models_HelloRequest: FlatBufferVerifiableTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable {
 
   static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_12_19() }
   public var __buffer: ByteBuffer! { return _accessor.bb }
@@ -64,16 +62,14 @@ public struct models_HelloRequest: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializab
   private init(_ t: Table) { _accessor = t }
   public init(_ bb: ByteBuffer, o: Int32) { _accessor = Table(bb: bb, position: o) }
 
-  private enum VTOFFSET: VOffset {
+  private struct VT {
-    case name = 4
+    static let name: VOffset = 4
-    var v: Int32 { Int32(self.rawValue) }
-    var p: VOffset { self.rawValue }
   }
 
-  public var name: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.name.v); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
+  public var name: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.name); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
-  public var nameSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VTOFFSET.name.v) }
+  public var nameSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VT.name) }
   public static func startHelloRequest(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) -> UOffset { fbb.startTable(with: 1) }
-  public static func add(name: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: name, at: VTOFFSET.name.p) }
+  public static func add(name: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: name, at: VT.name) }
   public static func endHelloRequest(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder, start: UOffset) -> Offset { let end = Offset(offset: fbb.endTable(at: start)); return end }
   public static func createHelloRequest(
     _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder,
@@ -86,16 +82,16 @@ public struct models_HelloRequest: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializab
 
   public static func verify<T>(_ verifier: inout Verifier, at position: Int, of type: T.Type) throws where T: Verifiable {
     var _v = try verifier.visitTable(at: position)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.name.p, fieldName: "name", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.name, fieldName: "name", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
     _v.finish()
   }
 }
 
 extension models_HelloRequest: Encodable {
-
   enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
     case name = "name"
   }
+
   public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
     var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
     try container.encodeIfPresent(name, forKey: .name)

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/client/main.swift

@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-import FlatBuffers
-import GRPC
-import Logging
-import Model
-import NIO
-
-// Quieten the logs.
-LoggingSystem.bootstrap {
-  var handler = StreamLogHandler.standardOutput(label: $0)
-  handler.logLevel = .critical
-  return handler
-}
-
-func greet(name: String, client greeter: models_GreeterServiceClient) {
-  // Form the request with the name, if one was provided.
-  var builder = FlatBufferBuilder()
-  let nameOff = builder.create(string: name)
-  let root = models_HelloRequest.createHelloRequest(
-    &builder,
-    nameOffset: nameOff)
-  builder.finish(offset: root)
-
-  // Make the RPC call to the server.
-  let sayHello =
-    greeter
-      .SayHello(Message<models_HelloRequest>(builder: &builder))
-
-  // wait() on the response to stop the program from exiting before the response is received.
-  do {
-    let response = try sayHello.response.wait()
-    print("Greeter SayHello received: \(response.object.message ?? "Unknown")")
-  } catch {
-    print("Greeter failed: \(error)")
-  }
-
-  let surname = builder.create(string: name)
-  let manyRoot = models_HelloRequest.createHelloRequest(
-    &builder,
-    nameOffset: surname)
-  builder.finish(offset: manyRoot)
-
-  let call = greeter.SayManyHellos(Message(builder: &builder)) { message in
-    print(
-      "Greeter SayManyHellos received: \(message.object.message  ?? "Unknown")")
-  }
-
-  let status = try! call.status.recover { _ in .processingError }.wait()
-  if status.code != .ok {
-    print("RPC failed: \(status)")
-  }
-}
-
-func main(args: [String]) {
-  // arg0 (dropped) is the program name. We expect arg1 to be the port, and arg2 (optional) to be
-  // the name sent in the request.
-  let arg1 = args.dropFirst(1).first
-  let arg2 = args.dropFirst(2).first
-
-  switch (arg1.flatMap(Int.init), arg2) {
-  case (.none, _):
-    print("Usage: PORT [NAME]")
-    exit(1)
-
-  case (.some(let port), let name):
-    // Setup an `EventLoopGroup` for the connection to run on.
-    //
-    // See: https://github.com/apple/swift-nio#eventloops-and-eventloopgroups
-    let group = MultiThreadedEventLoopGroup(numberOfThreads: 1)
-
-    // Make sure the group is shutdown when we're done with it.
-    defer {
-      try! group.syncShutdownGracefully()
-    }
-
-    // Configure the channel, we're not using TLS so the connection is `insecure`.
-    let channel = ClientConnection.insecure(group: group)
-      .connect(host: "localhost", port: port)
-
-    // Close the connection when we're done with it.
-    defer {
-      try! channel.close().wait()
-    }
-
-    // Provide the connection to the generated client.
-    let greeter = models_GreeterServiceClient(channel: channel)
-
-    // Do the greeting.
-    greet(name: name ?? "FlatBuffers!", client: greeter)
-  }
-}
-
-main(args: CommandLine.arguments)

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/server/main.swift

@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-import FlatBuffers
-import GRPC
-import Logging
-import Model
-import NIO
-
-class Greeter: models_GreeterProvider {
-
-  var interceptors: models_GreeterServerInterceptorFactoryProtocol?
-
-  let greetings: [String]
-
-  init() {
-    greetings = ["Hi", "Hallo", "Ciao"]
-  }
-
-  func SayHello(
-    request: Message<models_HelloRequest>,
-    context: StatusOnlyCallContext)
-    -> EventLoopFuture<Message<models_HelloReply>>
-  {
-    let recipient = request.object.name ?? "Stranger"
-
-    var builder = FlatBufferBuilder()
-    let off = builder.create(string: "Hello \(recipient)")
-    let root = models_HelloReply.createHelloReply(&builder, messageOffset: off)
-    builder.finish(offset: root)
-    return context.eventLoop
-      .makeSucceededFuture(Message<models_HelloReply>(builder: &builder))
-  }
-
-  func SayManyHellos(
-    request: Message<models_HelloRequest>,
-    context: StreamingResponseCallContext<Message<models_HelloReply>>)
-    -> EventLoopFuture<GRPCStatus>
-  {
-    for name in greetings {
-      var builder = FlatBufferBuilder()
-      let off =
-        builder
-          .create(string: "\(name) \(request.object.name ?? "Unknown")")
-      let root = models_HelloReply.createHelloReply(
-        &builder,
-        messageOffset: off)
-      builder.finish(offset: root)
-      _ = context.sendResponse(Message<models_HelloReply>(builder: &builder))
-    }
-    return context.eventLoop.makeSucceededFuture(.ok)
-  }
-}
-
-// Quieten the logs.
-LoggingSystem.bootstrap {
-  var handler = StreamLogHandler.standardOutput(label: $0)
-  handler.logLevel = .critical
-  return handler
-}
-
-let group = MultiThreadedEventLoopGroup(numberOfThreads: 1)
-defer {
-  try! group.syncShutdownGracefully()
-}
-
-// Create some configuration for the server:
-let configuration = Server.Configuration(
-  target: .hostAndPort("localhost", 0),
-  eventLoopGroup: group,
-  serviceProviders: [Greeter()])
-
-// Start the server and print its address once it has started.
-let server = Server.start(configuration: configuration)
-server.map {
-  $0.channel.localAddress
-}.whenSuccess { address in
-  print("server started on port \(address!.port!)")
-}
-
-// Wait on the server's `onClose` future to stop the program from exiting.
-_ = try server.flatMap {
-  $0.onClose
-}.wait()

grpc/src/compiler/python_generator.cc

@@ -172,6 +172,7 @@ class StubGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
        << "  def __init__(self, channel: grpc.Channel) -> None: ...\n";
 
     for (const RPCCall* method : service->calls.vec) {
+      imports->Import("typing");
       std::string request = "bytes";
       std::string response = "bytes";
 
@@ -183,14 +184,22 @@ class StubGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         imports->Import(ModuleFor(method->response), response);
       }
 
-      ss << "  def " << method->name << "(self, ";
+      ss << "  def " << method->name << "(\n";
+      ss << "      self,\n";
       if (ClientStreaming(method)) {
-        imports->Import("typing");
+        ss << "      request_iterator: typing.Iterator[" << request << "]\n";
-        ss << "request_iterator: typing.Iterator[" << request << "]";
       } else {
-        ss << "request: " << request;
+        ss << "      request: " << request << ",\n";
       }
-      ss << ") -> ";
+
+      ss << "      timeout: float | None = None,\n";
+      // https://github.com/python/typeshed/blob/ccf9411fb1f5bee2a8e3d278889de17a08f7bbe3/stubs/grpcio/grpc/__init__.pyi#L37
+      ss << "      metadata: typing.Sequence[tuple[str, typing.Union[str, bytes]]] | None = None,\n";
+      ss << "      credentials: grpc.CallCredentials | None = None,\n";
+      ss << "      wait_for_ready: bool | None = None,\n";
+      ss << "      compression: grpc.Compression | None = None\n";
+
+      ss << "  ) -> ";
       if (ServerStreaming(method)) {
         imports->Import("typing");
         ss << "typing.Iterator[" << response << "]";

include/codegen/namer.h

@@ -91,6 +91,14 @@ class Namer {
     std::string keyword_prefix;
     // Suffix used to escape keywords. It is usually "_".
     std::string keyword_suffix;
+    // The casing used for keywords when escaping. For most languages, keywords
+    // are case sensitive. PHP is an instance where some keywords are case
+    // insensitive.
+    enum class KeywordsCasing {
+      CaseSensitive,
+      CaseInsensitive,
+    };
+    KeywordsCasing keywords_casing;
 
     // Files.
 
@@ -204,8 +212,16 @@ class Namer {
     return result;
   }
 
+  virtual std::string NormalizeKeywordCase(const std::string& name) const {
+    if (config_.keywords_casing == Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseInsensitive) {
+      return ConvertCase(name, Case::kAllLower);
+    } else {
+      return name;
+    }
+  }
+
   virtual std::string EscapeKeyword(const std::string& name) const {
-    if (keywords_.find(name) == keywords_.end()) {
+    if (keywords_.find(NormalizeKeywordCase(name)) == keywords_.end()) {
       return name;
     } else {
       return config_.keyword_prefix + name + config_.keyword_suffix;

include/codegen/python.h

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ static const Namer::Config kConfig = {
     /*object_suffix=*/"T",
     /*keyword_prefix=*/"",
     /*keyword_suffix=*/"_",
+    /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
     /*filenames=*/Case::kKeep,
     /*directories=*/Case::kKeep,
     /*output_path=*/"",
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ static const Namer::Config kStubConfig = {
     /*object_suffix=*/"T",
     /*keyword_prefix=*/"",
     /*keyword_suffix=*/"_",
+    /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
     /*filenames=*/Case::kKeep,
     /*directories=*/Case::kKeep,
     /*output_path=*/"",

include/flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h

@@ -260,15 +260,15 @@ inline const char* flatbuffers_version_string() {
     inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 E operator ~ (E lhs){\
         return E(~T(lhs));\
     }\
-    inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 E operator |= (E &lhs, E rhs){\
+    inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP14 E operator |= (E &lhs, E rhs){\
         lhs = lhs | rhs;\
         return lhs;\
     }\
-    inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 E operator &= (E &lhs, E rhs){\
+    inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP14 E operator &= (E &lhs, E rhs){\
         lhs = lhs & rhs;\
         return lhs;\
     }\
-    inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 E operator ^= (E &lhs, E rhs){\
+    inline FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP14 E operator ^= (E &lhs, E rhs){\
         lhs = lhs ^ rhs;\
         return lhs;\
     }\

include/flatbuffers/flexbuffers.h

@@ -1207,11 +1207,20 @@ class Builder FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS {
     String(str);
   }
 
+  size_t AlignedBlob(const void* data, size_t len, BitWidth alignment) {
+    // The requested alignment must not be smaller than the one required to
+    // store the length.
+    return CreateAlignedBlob(data, len, 0, FBT_BLOB,
+                             std::max(alignment, WidthU(len)));
+  }
+  size_t AlignedBlob(const std::vector<uint8_t>& v, BitWidth alignment) {
+    return AlignedBlob(v.data(), v.size(), alignment);
+  }
   size_t Blob(const void* data, size_t len) {
     return CreateBlob(data, len, 0, FBT_BLOB);
   }
   size_t Blob(const std::vector<uint8_t>& v) {
-    return CreateBlob(v.data(), v.size(), 0, FBT_BLOB);
+    return Blob(v.data(), v.size());
   }
 
   void Blob(const char* key, const void* data, size_t len) {
@@ -1693,11 +1702,16 @@ class Builder FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS {
 
   size_t CreateBlob(const void* data, size_t len, size_t trailing, Type type) {
     auto bit_width = WidthU(len);
-    auto byte_width = Align(bit_width);
+    return CreateAlignedBlob(data, len, trailing, type, bit_width);
+  }
+
+  size_t CreateAlignedBlob(const void* data, size_t len, size_t trailing,
+                           Type type, BitWidth alignment) {
+    auto byte_width = Align(alignment);
     Write<uint64_t>(len, byte_width);
     auto sloc = buf_.size();
     WriteBytes(data, len + trailing);
-    stack_.push_back(Value(static_cast<uint64_t>(sloc), type, bit_width));
+    stack_.push_back(Value(static_cast<uint64_t>(sloc), type, alignment));
     return sloc;
   }
 
@@ -1962,7 +1976,7 @@ class Verifier FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS {
   bool VerifyKey(const uint8_t* p) {
     FLEX_CHECK_VERIFIED(p, PackedType(BIT_WIDTH_8, FBT_KEY));
     while (p < buf_ + size_)
-      if (*p++) return true;
+      if (!*p++) return true;
     return false;
   }
 

include/flatbuffers/idl.h

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ struct Type {
   uint16_t fixed_length;  // only set if t == BASE_TYPE_ARRAY
 };
 
-// Represents a parsed scalar value, it's type, and field offset.
+// Represents a parsed scalar value, its type, and field offset.
 struct Value {
   Value()
       : constant("0"),
@@ -395,13 +395,20 @@ struct FieldDef : public Definition {
 };
 
 struct StructDef : public Definition {
+  enum class CycleStatus {
+    NotChecked,
+    InProgress,
+    Checked,
+  };
+
   StructDef()
       : fixed(false),
         predecl(true),
         sortbysize(true),
         has_key(false),
         minalign(1),
-        bytesize(0) {}
+        bytesize(0),
+        cycle_status{CycleStatus::NotChecked} {}
 
   void PadLastField(size_t min_align) {
     auto padding = PaddingBytes(bytesize, min_align);
@@ -423,6 +430,8 @@ struct StructDef : public Definition {
   size_t minalign;  // What the whole object needs to be aligned to.
   size_t bytesize;  // Size if fixed.
 
+  CycleStatus cycle_status;  // used for determining if we have circular references
+
   flatbuffers::unique_ptr<std::string> original_location;
   std::vector<voffset_t> reserved_ids;
 };
@@ -734,6 +743,7 @@ struct IDLOptions {
   bool python_gen_numpy;
 
   bool ts_omit_entrypoint;
+  bool ts_undefined_for_optionals;
   ProtoIdGapAction proto_id_gap_action;
 
   // Possible options for the more general generator below.
@@ -860,6 +870,7 @@ struct IDLOptions {
         python_typing(false),
         python_gen_numpy(true),
         ts_omit_entrypoint(false),
+        ts_undefined_for_optionals(false),
         proto_id_gap_action(ProtoIdGapAction::WARNING),
         mini_reflect(IDLOptions::kNone),
         require_explicit_ids(false),
@@ -1099,6 +1110,8 @@ class Parser : public ParserState {
   // others includes.
   std::vector<IncludedFile> GetIncludedFiles() const;
 
+  bool HasCircularStructDependency();
+
  private:
   class ParseDepthGuard;
 

include/flatbuffers/reflection.h

@@ -30,50 +30,52 @@ namespace flatbuffers {
 
 // ------------------------- GETTERS -------------------------
 
-inline bool IsScalar(reflection::BaseType t) {
+constexpr bool IsScalar(reflection::BaseType t) {
   return t >= reflection::UType && t <= reflection::Double;
 }
-inline bool IsInteger(reflection::BaseType t) {
+constexpr bool IsInteger(reflection::BaseType t) {
   return t >= reflection::UType && t <= reflection::ULong;
 }
-inline bool IsFloat(reflection::BaseType t) {
+constexpr bool IsFloat(reflection::BaseType t) {
   return t == reflection::Float || t == reflection::Double;
 }
-inline bool IsLong(reflection::BaseType t) {
+constexpr bool IsLong(reflection::BaseType t) {
   return t == reflection::Long || t == reflection::ULong;
 }
 
-// Size of a basic type, don't use with structs.
+// This needs to correspond to the BaseType enum.
-inline size_t GetTypeSize(reflection::BaseType base_type) {
+constexpr size_t kBaseTypeSize[] = {
-  // This needs to correspond to the BaseType enum.
+    0,  // None
-  static size_t sizes[] = {
+    1,  // UType
-      0,  // None
+    1,  // Bool
-      1,  // UType
+    1,  // Byte
-      1,  // Bool
+    1,  // UByte
-      1,  // Byte
+    2,  // Short
-      1,  // UByte
+    2,  // UShort
-      2,  // Short
+    4,  // Int
-      2,  // UShort
+    4,  // UInt
-      4,  // Int
+    8,  // Long
-      4,  // UInt
+    8,  // ULong
-      8,  // Long
+    4,  // Float
-      8,  // ULong
+    8,  // Double
-      4,  // Float
+    4,  // String
-      8,  // Double
+    4,  // Vector
-      4,  // String
+    4,  // Obj
-      4,  // Vector
+    4,  // Union
-      4,  // Obj
+    0,  // Array. Only used in structs. 0 was chosen to prevent out-of-bounds
-      4,  // Union
+        // errors.
-      0,  // Array. Only used in structs. 0 was chosen to prevent out-of-bounds
+    8,  // Vector64
-          // errors.
-      8,  // Vector64
 
-      0  // MaxBaseType. This must be kept the last entry in this array.
+    0  // MaxBaseType. This must be kept the last entry in this array.
-  };
+};
-  static_assert(sizeof(sizes) / sizeof(size_t) == reflection::MaxBaseType + 1,
+static_assert(sizeof(kBaseTypeSize) / sizeof(size_t) ==
-                "Size of sizes[] array does not match the count of BaseType "
+                  reflection::MaxBaseType + 1,
-                "enum values.");
+              "Size of sizes[] array does not match the count of BaseType "
-  return sizes[base_type];
+              "enum values.");
+
+// Size of a basic type, don't use with structs.
+constexpr size_t GetTypeSize(reflection::BaseType base_type) {
+  return kBaseTypeSize[base_type];
 }
 
 // Same as above, but now correctly returns the size of a struct if
@@ -420,7 +422,7 @@ pointer_inside_vector<T, U> piv(T* ptr, std::vector<U>& vec) {
   return pointer_inside_vector<T, U>(ptr, vec);
 }
 
-inline const char* UnionTypeFieldSuffix() { return "_type"; }
+constexpr const char* UnionTypeFieldSuffix() { return "_type"; }
 
 // Helper to figure out the actual table type a union refers to.
 inline const reflection::Object& GetUnionType(

kotlin/flatbuffers-kotlin/src/nativeMain/kotlin/com/google/flatbuffers/kotlin/ByteArray.kt

@@ -14,9 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 @file:Suppress("NOTHING_TO_INLINE")
+@file:OptIn(ExperimentalNativeApi::class)
 
 package com.google.flatbuffers.kotlin
 
+import kotlin.experimental.ExperimentalNativeApi
+
 /**
  * This implementation assumes that of native macOSX64 the byte order of the implementation is
  * Little Endian.

lua/flatbuffers/builder.lua

@@ -296,25 +296,62 @@ function mt:Slot(slotnum)
     self.currentVTable[slotnum + 1] = self:Offset()
 end
 
-local function finish(self, rootTable, sizePrefix)
+local function finish(self, rootTable, sizePrefix, fileIdentifier)
     UOffsetT:EnforceNumber(rootTable)
-    self:Prep(self.minalign, sizePrefix and 8 or 4)
+    local hasFid = fileIdentifier ~= nil
-    self:PrependUOffsetTRelative(rootTable)
+    if hasFid then
+        assert(#fileIdentifier == 4, "File identifier must be exactly 4 bytes")
+    end
+
+    local fid_byte_count = (hasFid and 4 or 0)
+
+    -- alignment:
+    -- root offset (4)
+    -- optional file id (4)
+    -- optional size prefix (4)
+    self:Prep(
+        self.minalign,
+        (sizePrefix and 4 or 0) +
+        4 +
+        fid_byte_count
+    )
+
+    -- root offset (points past file identifier if present)
+    self:PrependUOffsetTRelative(rootTable + fid_byte_count)
+
+    -- file identifier
+    if hasFid then
+        for i = 4, 1, -1 do
+            self:PrependByte(string.byte(fileIdentifier, i))
+        end
+    end
+
+    -- size prefix
     if sizePrefix then
         local size = self.bytes.size - self.head
         Int32:EnforceNumber(size)
         self:PrependInt32(size)
     end
+
     self.finished = true
     return self.head
 end
 
+
 function mt:Finish(rootTable)
-    return finish(self, rootTable, false)
+    return finish(self, rootTable, false, nil)
 end
 
 function mt:FinishSizePrefixed(rootTable)
-    return finish(self, rootTable, true)
+    return finish(self, rootTable, true, nil)
+end
+
+function mt:FinishWithIdentifier(rootTable, fileIdentifier)
+    return finish(self, rootTable, false, fileIdentifier)
+end
+
+function mt:FinishSizePrefixedWithIdentifier(rootTable, fileIdentifier)
+    return finish(self, rootTable, true, fileIdentifier)
 end
 
 function mt:Prepend(flags, off)

net/FlatBuffers/FlatBufferBuilder.cs

@@ -438,8 +438,7 @@ namespace Google.FlatBuffers
             if (off > Offset)
                 throw new ArgumentException();
 
-            if (off != 0)
+            off = Offset - off + sizeof(int);
-                off = Offset - off + sizeof(int);
             PutInt(off);
         }
 

net/FlatBuffers/Table.cs

@@ -65,11 +65,7 @@ namespace Google.FlatBuffers
         // Create a .NET String from UTF-8 data stored inside the flatbuffer.
         public string __string(int offset)
         {
-            int stringOffset = bb.GetInt(offset);
+            offset += bb.GetInt(offset);
-            if (stringOffset == 0)
-                return null;
-
-            offset += stringOffset;
             var len = bb.GetInt(offset);
             var startPos = offset + sizeof(int);
             return bb.GetStringUTF8(startPos, len);
@@ -150,7 +146,7 @@ namespace Google.FlatBuffers
 
             var pos = this.__vector(o);
             var len = this.__vector_len(o);
-            return bb.ToArray<T>(pos, len);
+            return bb.ToArray<T>(pos, len * ByteBuffer.SizeOf<T>());
         }
 
         // Initialize any Table-derived type to point to the union at the given offset.

pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^8.34.1
         version: 8.34.1(eslint@9.29.0)(typescript@5.8.3)
 
+  tests/ts:
+    dependencies:
+      flatbuffers:
+        specifier: workspace:*
+        version: link:../..
+
 packages:
 
   '@esbuild/aix-ppc64@0.25.5':
@@ -343,8 +349,8 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=0.4.0'}
     hasBin: true
 
-  ajv@6.12.6:
+  ajv@6.14.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-j3fVLgvTo527anyYyJOGTYJbG+vnnQYvE0m5mmkc1TK+nxAppkCLMIL0aZ4dblVCNoGShhm+kzE4ZUykBoMg4g==}
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-IWrosm/yrn43eiKqkfkHis7QioDleaXQHdDVPKg0FSwwd/DuvyX79TZnFOnYpB7dcsFAMmtFztZuXPDvSePkFw==}
 
   ansi-styles@4.3.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-zbB9rCJAT1rbjiVDb2hqKFHNYLxgtk8NURxZ3IZwD3F6NtxbXZQCnnSi1Lkx+IDohdPlFp222wVALIheZJQSEg==}
@@ -483,8 +489,8 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-f7ccFPK3SXFHpx15UIGyRJ/FJQctuKZ0zVuN3frBo4HnK3cay9VEW0R6yPYFHC0AgqhukPzKjq22t5DmAyqGyw==}
     engines: {node: '>=16'}
 
-  flatted@3.3.1:
+  flatted@3.4.2:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-X8cqMLLie7KsNUDSdzeN8FYK9rEt4Dt67OsG/DNGnYTSDBG4uFAJFBnUeiV+zCVAvwFy56IjM9sH51jVaEhNxw==}
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-PjDse7RzhcPkIJwy5t7KPWQSZ9cAbzQXcafsetQoD7sOJRQlGikNbx7yZp2OotDnJyrDcbyRq3Ttb18iYOqkxA==}
 
   glob-parent@5.1.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-AOIgSQCepiJYwP3ARnGx+5VnTu2HBYdzbGP45eLw1vr3zB3vZLeyed1sC9hnbcOc9/SrMyM5RPQrkGz4aS9Zow==}
@@ -571,11 +577,11 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-PXwfBhYu0hBCPw8Dn0E+WDYb7af3dSLVWKi3HGv84IdF4TyFoC0ysxFd0Goxw7nSv4T/PzEJQxsYsEiFCKo2BA==}
     engines: {node: '>=8.6'}
 
-  minimatch@3.1.2:
+  minimatch@3.1.5:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-J7p63hRiAjw1NDEww1W7i37+ByIrOWO5XQQAzZ3VOcL0PNybwpfmV/N05zFAzwQ9USyEcX6t3UO+K5aqBQOIHw==}
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-VgjWUsnnT6n+NUk6eZq77zeFdpW2LWDzP6zFGrCbHXiYNul5Dzqk2HHQ5uFH2DNW5Xbp8+jVzaeNt94ssEEl4w==}
 
-  minimatch@9.0.5:
+  minimatch@9.0.9:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-G6T0ZX48xgozx7587koeX9Ys2NYy6Gmv//P89sEte9V9whIapMNF4idKxnW2QtCcLiTWlb/wfCabAtAFWhhBow==}
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-OBwBN9AL4dqmETlpS2zasx+vTeWclWzkblfZk7KTA5j3jeOONz/tRCnZomUyvNg83wL5Zv9Ss6HMJXAgL8R2Yg==}
     engines: {node: '>=16 || 14 >=14.17'}
 
   ms@2.1.3:
@@ -793,7 +799,7 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       '@eslint/object-schema': 2.1.6
       debug: 4.3.7
-      minimatch: 3.1.2
+      minimatch: 3.1.5
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
@@ -809,14 +815,14 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@eslint/eslintrc@3.3.1':
     dependencies:
-      ajv: 6.12.6
+      ajv: 6.14.0
       debug: 4.3.7
       espree: 10.4.0
       globals: 14.0.0
       ignore: 5.3.2
       import-fresh: 3.3.0
       js-yaml: 4.1.1
-      minimatch: 3.1.2
+      minimatch: 3.1.5
       strip-json-comments: 3.1.1
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
@@ -932,7 +938,7 @@ snapshots:
       debug: 4.3.7
       fast-glob: 3.3.2
       is-glob: 4.0.3
-      minimatch: 9.0.5
+      minimatch: 9.0.9
       semver: 7.6.3
       ts-api-utils: 2.1.0(typescript@5.8.3)
       typescript: 5.8.3
@@ -961,7 +967,7 @@ snapshots:
 
   acorn@8.15.0: {}
 
-  ajv@6.12.6:
+  ajv@6.14.0:
     dependencies:
       fast-deep-equal: 3.1.3
       fast-json-stable-stringify: 2.1.0
@@ -1070,7 +1076,7 @@ snapshots:
       '@humanwhocodes/retry': 0.4.3
       '@types/estree': 1.0.8
       '@types/json-schema': 7.0.15
-      ajv: 6.12.6
+      ajv: 6.14.0
       chalk: 4.1.2
       cross-spawn: 7.0.6
       debug: 4.3.7
@@ -1089,7 +1095,7 @@ snapshots:
       is-glob: 4.0.3
       json-stable-stringify-without-jsonify: 1.0.1
       lodash.merge: 4.6.2
-      minimatch: 3.1.2
+      minimatch: 3.1.5
       natural-compare: 1.4.0
       optionator: 0.9.4
     transitivePeerDependencies:
@@ -1146,10 +1152,10 @@ snapshots:
 
   flat-cache@4.0.1:
     dependencies:
-      flatted: 3.3.1
+      flatted: 3.4.2
       keyv: 4.5.4
 
-  flatted@3.3.1: {}
+  flatted@3.4.2: {}
 
   glob-parent@5.1.2:
     dependencies:
@@ -1218,11 +1224,11 @@ snapshots:
       braces: 3.0.3
       picomatch: 2.3.1
 
-  minimatch@3.1.2:
+  minimatch@3.1.5:
     dependencies:
       brace-expansion: 1.1.12
 
-  minimatch@9.0.5:
+  minimatch@9.0.9:
     dependencies:
       brace-expansion: 2.0.2
 

pnpm-workspace.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  - tests/ts

python/flatbuffers/builder.py

@@ -422,7 +422,6 @@ class Builder(object):
     off2 = self.Offset() - off + N.UOffsetTFlags.bytewidth
     self.PlaceUOffsetT(off2)
 
-  ## @cond FLATBUFFERS_INTERNAL
   def StartVector(self, elemSize, numElems, alignment):
     """StartVector initializes bookkeeping for writing a new vector.
 
@@ -438,8 +437,6 @@ class Builder(object):
     self.Prep(alignment, elemSize * numElems)  # In case alignment > int.
     return self.Offset()
 
-  ## @endcond
-
   def EndVector(self, numElems=None):
     """EndVector writes data necessary to finish vector construction."""
 
@@ -556,6 +553,21 @@ class Builder(object):
     self.vectorNumElems = x.size
     return self.EndVector()
 
+  def CreateVectorOfTables(self, offsets):
+    """CreateVectorOfTables writes a vector of offsets such as tables or strings.
+
+    Args:
+      offsets: Iterable of offsets returned from previous builder operations.
+               Each element should be an integer compatible with UOffsetT.
+    """
+
+    offsets = list(offsets)
+    self.StartVector(N.UOffsetTFlags.bytewidth, len(offsets),
+                     N.UOffsetTFlags.bytewidth)
+    for off in reversed(offsets):
+      self.PrependUOffsetTRelative(off)
+    return self.EndVector()
+
   ## @cond FLATBUFFERS_INTERNAL
   def assertNested(self):
     """Check that we are in the process of building an object."""

python/flatbuffers/reflection/Enum.py

@@ -155,6 +155,12 @@ def EnumStartValuesVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartValuesVector(builder, numElems):
     return EnumStartValuesVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def EnumCreateValuesVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateValuesVector(builder, data):
+    return EnumCreateValuesVector(builder, data)
+
 def EnumAddIsUnion(builder, isUnion):
     builder.PrependBoolSlot(2, isUnion, 0)
 
@@ -179,6 +185,12 @@ def EnumStartAttributesVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartAttributesVector(builder, numElems):
     return EnumStartAttributesVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def EnumCreateAttributesVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateAttributesVector(builder, data):
+    return EnumCreateAttributesVector(builder, data)
+
 def EnumAddDocumentation(builder, documentation):
     builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(5, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(documentation), 0)
 
@@ -191,6 +203,12 @@ def EnumStartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems):
     return EnumStartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def EnumCreateDocumentationVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateDocumentationVector(builder, data):
+    return EnumCreateDocumentationVector(builder, data)
+
 def EnumAddDeclarationFile(builder, declarationFile):
     builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(6, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(declarationFile), 0)
 

python/flatbuffers/reflection/EnumVal.py

@@ -134,6 +134,12 @@ def EnumValStartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems):
     return EnumValStartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def EnumValCreateDocumentationVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateDocumentationVector(builder, data):
+    return EnumValCreateDocumentationVector(builder, data)
+
 def EnumValAddAttributes(builder, attributes):
     builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(5, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(attributes), 0)
 
@@ -146,6 +152,12 @@ def EnumValStartAttributesVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartAttributesVector(builder, numElems):
     return EnumValStartAttributesVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def EnumValCreateAttributesVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateAttributesVector(builder, data):
+    return EnumValCreateAttributesVector(builder, data)
+
 def EnumValEnd(builder):
     return builder.EndObject()
 

python/flatbuffers/reflection/Field.py

@@ -235,6 +235,12 @@ def FieldStartAttributesVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartAttributesVector(builder, numElems):
     return FieldStartAttributesVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def FieldCreateAttributesVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateAttributesVector(builder, data):
+    return FieldCreateAttributesVector(builder, data)
+
 def FieldAddDocumentation(builder, documentation):
     builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(10, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(documentation), 0)
 
@@ -247,6 +253,12 @@ def FieldStartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems):
     return FieldStartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def FieldCreateDocumentationVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateDocumentationVector(builder, data):
+    return FieldCreateDocumentationVector(builder, data)
+
 def FieldAddOptional(builder, optional):
     builder.PrependBoolSlot(11, optional, 0)
 

python/flatbuffers/reflection/Object.py

@@ -158,6 +158,12 @@ def ObjectStartFieldsVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartFieldsVector(builder, numElems):
     return ObjectStartFieldsVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def ObjectCreateFieldsVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateFieldsVector(builder, data):
+    return ObjectCreateFieldsVector(builder, data)
+
 def ObjectAddIsStruct(builder, isStruct):
     builder.PrependBoolSlot(2, isStruct, 0)
 
@@ -188,6 +194,12 @@ def ObjectStartAttributesVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartAttributesVector(builder, numElems):
     return ObjectStartAttributesVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def ObjectCreateAttributesVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateAttributesVector(builder, data):
+    return ObjectCreateAttributesVector(builder, data)
+
 def ObjectAddDocumentation(builder, documentation):
     builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(6, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(documentation), 0)
 
@@ -200,6 +212,12 @@ def ObjectStartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems):
     return ObjectStartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def ObjectCreateDocumentationVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateDocumentationVector(builder, data):
+    return ObjectCreateDocumentationVector(builder, data)
+
 def ObjectAddDeclarationFile(builder, declarationFile):
     builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(7, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(declarationFile), 0)
 

python/flatbuffers/reflection/RPCCall.py

@@ -138,6 +138,12 @@ def RPCCallStartAttributesVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartAttributesVector(builder, numElems):
     return RPCCallStartAttributesVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def RPCCallCreateAttributesVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateAttributesVector(builder, data):
+    return RPCCallCreateAttributesVector(builder, data)
+
 def RPCCallAddDocumentation(builder, documentation):
     builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(4, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(documentation), 0)
 
@@ -150,6 +156,12 @@ def RPCCallStartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems):
     return RPCCallStartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def RPCCallCreateDocumentationVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateDocumentationVector(builder, data):
+    return RPCCallCreateDocumentationVector(builder, data)
+
 def RPCCallEnd(builder):
     return builder.EndObject()
 

python/flatbuffers/reflection/Schema.py

@@ -180,6 +180,12 @@ def SchemaStartObjectsVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartObjectsVector(builder, numElems):
     return SchemaStartObjectsVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def SchemaCreateObjectsVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateObjectsVector(builder, data):
+    return SchemaCreateObjectsVector(builder, data)
+
 def SchemaAddEnums(builder, enums):
     builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(1, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(enums), 0)
 
@@ -192,6 +198,12 @@ def SchemaStartEnumsVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartEnumsVector(builder, numElems):
     return SchemaStartEnumsVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def SchemaCreateEnumsVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateEnumsVector(builder, data):
+    return SchemaCreateEnumsVector(builder, data)
+
 def SchemaAddFileIdent(builder, fileIdent):
     builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(2, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(fileIdent), 0)
 
@@ -222,6 +234,12 @@ def SchemaStartServicesVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartServicesVector(builder, numElems):
     return SchemaStartServicesVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def SchemaCreateServicesVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateServicesVector(builder, data):
+    return SchemaCreateServicesVector(builder, data)
+
 def SchemaAddAdvancedFeatures(builder, advancedFeatures):
     builder.PrependUint64Slot(6, advancedFeatures, 0)
 
@@ -240,6 +258,12 @@ def SchemaStartFbsFilesVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartFbsFilesVector(builder, numElems):
     return SchemaStartFbsFilesVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def SchemaCreateFbsFilesVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateFbsFilesVector(builder, data):
+    return SchemaCreateFbsFilesVector(builder, data)
+
 def SchemaEnd(builder):
     return builder.EndObject()
 

python/flatbuffers/reflection/SchemaFile.py

@@ -84,6 +84,12 @@ def SchemaFileStartIncludedFilenamesVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartIncludedFilenamesVector(builder, numElems):
     return SchemaFileStartIncludedFilenamesVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def SchemaFileCreateIncludedFilenamesVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateIncludedFilenamesVector(builder, data):
+    return SchemaFileCreateIncludedFilenamesVector(builder, data)
+
 def SchemaFileEnd(builder):
     return builder.EndObject()
 

python/flatbuffers/reflection/Service.py

@@ -137,6 +137,12 @@ def ServiceStartCallsVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartCallsVector(builder, numElems):
     return ServiceStartCallsVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def ServiceCreateCallsVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateCallsVector(builder, data):
+    return ServiceCreateCallsVector(builder, data)
+
 def ServiceAddAttributes(builder, attributes):
     builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(2, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(attributes), 0)
 
@@ -149,6 +155,12 @@ def ServiceStartAttributesVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartAttributesVector(builder, numElems):
     return ServiceStartAttributesVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def ServiceCreateAttributesVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateAttributesVector(builder, data):
+    return ServiceCreateAttributesVector(builder, data)
+
 def ServiceAddDocumentation(builder, documentation):
     builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(3, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(documentation), 0)
 
@@ -161,6 +173,12 @@ def ServiceStartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems):
 def StartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems):
     return ServiceStartDocumentationVector(builder, numElems)
 
+def ServiceCreateDocumentationVector(builder, data):
+    return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)
+
+def CreateDocumentationVector(builder, data):
+    return ServiceCreateDocumentationVector(builder, data)
+
 def ServiceAddDeclarationFile(builder, declarationFile):
     builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(4, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(declarationFile), 0)
 

python/setup.cfg

@@ -1,6 +1,2 @@
-[bdist_wheel]
-universal=1
-
 [metadata]
-license_files =
+license_files = LICENSE
-   ../LICENSE

python/setup.py

@@ -12,35 +12,54 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from pathlib import Path
+import shutil
+
 from setuptools import setup
 
-setup(
+
-    name='flatbuffers',
+_THIS_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
-    version='25.12.19',
+_ROOT_LICENSE = _THIS_DIR.parent / 'LICENSE'
-    license='Apache 2.0',
+_LOCAL_LICENSE = _THIS_DIR / 'LICENSE'
-    author='Derek Bailey',
+
-    author_email='derekbailey@google.com',
+
-    url='https://google.github.io/flatbuffers/',
+def _stage_license_file():
-    long_description=(
+    if _LOCAL_LICENSE.exists() or not _ROOT_LICENSE.exists():
-        'Python runtime library for use with the '
+        return False
-        '`Flatbuffers <https://google.github.io/flatbuffers/>`_ '
+    shutil.copyfile(_ROOT_LICENSE, _LOCAL_LICENSE)
-        'serialization format.'
+    return True
-    ),
+
-    packages=['flatbuffers'],
+_remove_staged_license = _stage_license_file()
-    include_package_data=True,
+
-    requires=[],
+try:
-    description='The FlatBuffers serialization format for Python',
+    setup(
-    classifiers=[
+        name='flatbuffers',
-        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
+        version='25.12.19',
-        'License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License',
+        license='Apache 2.0',
-        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
+        author='Derek Bailey',
-        'Programming Language :: Python',
+        author_email='derekbailey@google.com',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
+        url='https://google.github.io/flatbuffers/',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
+        long_description=(
-        'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules',
+            'Python runtime library for use with the '
-    ],
+            '`Flatbuffers <https://google.github.io/flatbuffers/>`_ '
-    project_urls={
+            'serialization format.'
-        'Documentation': 'https://google.github.io/flatbuffers/',
+        ),
-        'Source': 'https://github.com/google/flatbuffers',
+        packages=['flatbuffers'],
-    },
+        include_package_data=True,
-)
+        requires=[],
+        description='The FlatBuffers serialization format for Python',
+        classifiers=[
+            'Intended Audience :: Developers',
+            'Operating System :: OS Independent',
+            'Programming Language :: Python',
+            'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
+            'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules',
+        ],
+        project_urls={
+            'Documentation': 'https://google.github.io/flatbuffers/',
+            'Source': 'https://github.com/google/flatbuffers',
+        },
+    )
+finally:
+    if _remove_staged_license and _LOCAL_LICENSE.exists():
+        _LOCAL_LICENSE.unlink()

rust/flatbuffers/src/builder.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ use core::marker::PhantomData;
 use core::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Deref, DerefMut, Index, IndexMut, Sub, SubAssign};
 use core::ptr::write_bytes;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use crate::endian_scalar::emplace_scalar;
 use crate::primitives::*;
 use crate::push::{Push, PushAlignment};
@@ -139,6 +142,9 @@ pub struct FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A: Allocator = DefaultAllocator> {
 
     min_align: usize,
     force_defaults: bool,
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    strings_pool: HashMap<String, WIPOffset<&'fbb str>>,
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
     strings_pool: Vec<WIPOffset<&'fbb str>>,
 
     _phantom: PhantomData<&'fbb ()>,
@@ -160,6 +166,60 @@ impl<'fbb> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, DefaultAllocator> {
     pub fn with_capacity(size: usize) -> Self {
         Self::from_vec(vec![0; size])
     }
+    /// Create a FlatBufferBuilder that is ready for writing, with a
+    /// ready-to-use capacity of the provided size and preallocated internal vecs.
+    ///
+    /// The maximum valid value for `size` is `FLATBUFFERS_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE`.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `size` - The initial capacity of the backing buffer in bytes.
+    /// * `field_locs_capacity` - Preallocated capacity for the field locations vec.
+    /// * `written_vtable_revpos_capacity` - Preallocated capacity for the written vtable reverse positions vec.
+    /// * `strings_pool_capacity` - Preallocated capacity for the shared strings pool vec.
+    pub fn with_internal_capacity(
+        size: usize,
+        field_locs_capacity: usize,
+        written_vtable_revpos_capacity: usize,
+        strings_pool_capacity: usize,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::from_vec_with_internal_capacity(
+            vec![0; size],
+            field_locs_capacity,
+            written_vtable_revpos_capacity,
+            strings_pool_capacity,
+        )
+    }
+    /// Create a FlatBufferBuilder that is ready for writing, reusing
+    /// an existing vector and preallocated internal vecs.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `buffer` - An existing `Vec<u8>` to reuse as the backing buffer.
+    /// * `field_locs_capacity` - Preallocated capacity for the field locations vec.
+    /// * `written_vtable_revpos_capacity` - Preallocated capacity for the written vtable reverse positions vec.
+    /// * `strings_pool_capacity` - Preallocated capacity for the shared strings pool vec.
+    pub fn from_vec_with_internal_capacity(
+        buffer: Vec<u8>,
+        field_locs_capacity: usize,
+        written_vtable_revpos_capacity: usize,
+        strings_pool_capacity: usize,
+    ) -> Self {
+        // we need to check the size here because we create the backing buffer
+        // directly, bypassing the typical way of using grow_allocator:
+        assert!(
+            buffer.len() <= FLATBUFFERS_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE,
+            "cannot initialize buffer bigger than 2 gigabytes"
+        );
+        let allocator = DefaultAllocator::from_vec(buffer);
+        Self::new_in_with_internal_capacity(
+            allocator,
+            field_locs_capacity,
+            written_vtable_revpos_capacity,
+            strings_pool_capacity,
+        )
+    }
+
     /// Create a FlatBufferBuilder that is ready for writing, reusing
     /// an existing vector.
     pub fn from_vec(buffer: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
@@ -197,12 +257,52 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
 
             min_align: 0,
             force_defaults: false,
+            #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+            strings_pool: HashMap::new(),
+            #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
             strings_pool: Vec::new(),
 
             _phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
+    /// Create a [`FlatBufferBuilder`] that is ready for writing with a custom [`Allocator`]
+    /// and preallocated internal vecs.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `allocator` - A custom [`Allocator`] to use as the backing buffer.
+    /// * `field_locs_capacity` - Preallocated capacity for the field locations vec.
+    /// * `written_vtable_revpos_capacity` - Preallocated capacity for the written vtable reverse positions vec.
+    /// * `strings_pool_capacity` - Preallocated capacity for the shared strings pool vec.
+    pub fn new_in_with_internal_capacity(
+        allocator: A,
+        field_locs_capacity: usize,
+        written_vtable_revpos_capacity: usize,
+        strings_pool_capacity: usize,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let head = ReverseIndex::end();
+        FlatBufferBuilder {
+            allocator,
+            head,
+
+            field_locs: Vec::with_capacity(field_locs_capacity),
+            written_vtable_revpos: Vec::with_capacity(written_vtable_revpos_capacity),
+
+            nested: false,
+            finished: false,
+
+            min_align: 0,
+            force_defaults: false,
+            #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+            strings_pool: HashMap::with_capacity(strings_pool_capacity),
+            #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+            strings_pool: Vec::with_capacity(strings_pool_capacity),
+
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Destroy the [`FlatBufferBuilder`], returning its [`Allocator`] and the index
     /// into it that represents the start of valid data.
     pub fn collapse_in(self) -> (A, usize) {
@@ -223,7 +323,9 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
     /// new object.
     pub fn reset(&mut self) {
         // memset only the part of the buffer that could be dirty:
-        self.allocator[self.head.range_to_end()].iter_mut().for_each(|x| *x = 0);
+        self.allocator[self.head.range_to_end()]
+            .iter_mut()
+            .for_each(|x| *x = 0);
 
         self.head = ReverseIndex::end();
         self.written_vtable_revpos.clear();
@@ -235,22 +337,43 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
         self.strings_pool.clear();
     }
 
-    /// Push a Push'able value onto the front of the in-progress data.
+    /// Fallible version of [`push`](Self::push).
-    ///
-    /// This function uses traits to provide a unified API for writing
-    /// scalars, tables, vectors, and WIPOffsets.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn push<P: Push>(&mut self, x: P) -> WIPOffset<P::Output> {
+    pub fn try_push<P: Push>(&mut self, x: P) -> Result<WIPOffset<P::Output>, A::Error> {
         let sz = P::size();
-        self.align(sz, P::alignment());
+        self.align(sz, P::alignment())?;
-        self.make_space(sz);
+        self.make_space(sz)?;
         {
             let (dst, rest) = self.allocator[self.head.range_to_end()].split_at_mut(sz);
             // Safety:
             // Called make_space above
             unsafe { x.push(dst, rest.len()) };
         }
-        WIPOffset::new(self.used_space() as UOffsetT)
+        Ok(WIPOffset::new(self.used_space() as UOffsetT))
+    }
+
+    /// Push a Push'able value onto the front of the in-progress data.
+    ///
+    /// This function uses traits to provide a unified API for writing
+    /// scalars, tables, vectors, and WIPOffsets.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn push<P: Push>(&mut self, x: P) -> WIPOffset<P::Output> {
+        self.try_push(x).expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
+    }
+
+    /// Fallible version of [`push_slot`](Self::push_slot).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_push_slot<X: Push + PartialEq>(
+        &mut self,
+        slotoff: VOffsetT,
+        x: X,
+        default: X,
+    ) -> Result<(), A::Error> {
+        self.assert_nested("push_slot");
+        if x != default || self.force_defaults {
+            self.try_push_slot_always(slotoff, x)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Push a Push'able value onto the front of the in-progress data, and
@@ -258,19 +381,29 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
     /// the default, then this is a no-op.
     #[inline]
     pub fn push_slot<X: Push + PartialEq>(&mut self, slotoff: VOffsetT, x: X, default: X) {
-        self.assert_nested("push_slot");
+        self.try_push_slot(slotoff, x, default)
-        if x != default || self.force_defaults {
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
-            self.push_slot_always(slotoff, x);
+    }
-        }
+
+    /// Fallible version of [`push_slot_always`](Self::push_slot_always).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_push_slot_always<X: Push>(
+        &mut self,
+        slotoff: VOffsetT,
+        x: X,
+    ) -> Result<(), A::Error> {
+        self.assert_nested("push_slot_always");
+        let off = self.try_push(x)?;
+        self.track_field(slotoff, off.value());
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Push a Push'able value onto the front of the in-progress data, and
     /// store a reference to it in the in-progress vtable.
     #[inline]
     pub fn push_slot_always<X: Push>(&mut self, slotoff: VOffsetT, x: X) {
-        self.assert_nested("push_slot_always");
+        self.try_push_slot_always(slotoff, x)
-        let off = self.push(x);
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
-        self.track_field(slotoff, off.value());
     }
 
     /// Retrieve the number of vtables that have been serialized into the
@@ -295,6 +428,22 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
         WIPOffset::new(self.used_space() as UOffsetT)
     }
 
+    /// Fallible version of [`end_table`](Self::end_table).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_end_table(
+        &mut self,
+        off: WIPOffset<TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
+    ) -> Result<WIPOffset<TableFinishedWIPOffset>, A::Error> {
+        self.assert_nested("end_table");
+
+        let o = self.write_vtable(off)?;
+
+        self.nested = false;
+        self.field_locs.clear();
+
+        Ok(WIPOffset::new(o.value()))
+    }
+
     /// End a Table write.
     ///
     /// Asserts that the builder is in a nested state.
@@ -303,14 +452,19 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
         &mut self,
         off: WIPOffset<TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
     ) -> WIPOffset<TableFinishedWIPOffset> {
-        self.assert_nested("end_table");
+        self.try_end_table(off)
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
+    }
 
-        let o = self.write_vtable(off);
+    /// Fallible version of [`start_vector`](Self::start_vector).
-
+    #[inline]
-        self.nested = false;
+    pub fn try_start_vector<T: Push>(&mut self, num_items: usize) -> Result<(), A::Error> {
-        self.field_locs.clear();
+        self.assert_not_nested(
-
+            "start_vector can not be called when a table or vector is under construction",
-        WIPOffset::new(o.value())
+        );
+        self.align(num_items * T::size(), T::alignment().max_of(SIZE_UOFFSET))?;
+        self.nested = true;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Start a Vector write.
@@ -322,11 +476,20 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
     /// function will want to use `push` to add values.
     #[inline]
     pub fn start_vector<T: Push>(&mut self, num_items: usize) {
-        self.assert_not_nested(
+        self.try_start_vector::<T>(num_items)
-            "start_vector can not be called when a table or vector is under construction",
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
-        );
+    }
-        self.nested = true;
+
-        self.align(num_items * T::size(), T::alignment().max_of(SIZE_UOFFSET));
+    /// Fallible version of [`end_vector`](Self::end_vector).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_end_vector<T: Push>(
+        &mut self,
+        num_elems: usize,
+    ) -> Result<WIPOffset<Vector<'fbb, T>>, A::Error> {
+        self.assert_nested("end_vector");
+        let o = self.try_push::<UOffsetT>(num_elems as UOffsetT)?;
+        self.nested = false;
+        Ok(WIPOffset::new(o.value()))
     }
 
     /// End a Vector write.
@@ -337,14 +500,54 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
     /// Asserts that the builder is in a nested state.
     #[inline]
     pub fn end_vector<T: Push>(&mut self, num_elems: usize) -> WIPOffset<Vector<'fbb, T>> {
-        self.assert_nested("end_vector");
+        self.try_end_vector::<T>(num_elems)
-        self.nested = false;
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
-        let o = self.push::<UOffsetT>(num_elems as UOffsetT);
-        WIPOffset::new(o.value())
     }
 
+    /// Fallible version of [`create_shared_string`](Self::create_shared_string).
+    ///
+    /// Uses a HashMap to track previously written strings, providing O(1)
+    /// amortized lookup and insertion.
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_create_shared_string<'a: 'b, 'b>(
+        &'a mut self,
+        s: &'b str,
+    ) -> Result<WIPOffset<&'fbb str>, A::Error> {
+        self.assert_not_nested(
+            "create_shared_string can not be called when a table or vector is under construction",
+        );
+
+        if let Some(&offset) = self.strings_pool.get(s) {
+            return Ok(offset);
+        }
+
+        let address = WIPOffset::new(self.try_create_byte_string(s.as_bytes())?.value());
+        self.strings_pool.insert(s.to_owned(), address);
+        Ok(address)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a utf8 string, and de-duplicate if already created.
+    ///
+    /// Uses a HashMap to track previously written strings, providing O(1)
+    /// amortized lookup and insertion.
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn create_shared_string<'a: 'b, 'b>(&'a mut self, s: &'b str) -> WIPOffset<&'fbb str> {
+        self.try_create_shared_string(s)
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
+    }
+
+    /// Fallible version of [`create_shared_string`](Self::create_shared_string).
+    ///
+    /// Uses a sorted Vec with binary search to track previously written
+    /// strings when in `no_std` mode.
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_create_shared_string<'a: 'b, 'b>(
+        &'a mut self,
+        s: &'b str,
+    ) -> Result<WIPOffset<&'fbb str>, A::Error> {
         self.assert_not_nested(
             "create_shared_string can not be called when a table or vector is under construction",
         );
@@ -355,68 +558,95 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
 
         let found = self.strings_pool.binary_search_by(|offset| {
             let ptr = offset.value() as usize;
-            // Gets The pointer to the size of the string
             let str_memory = &buf[buf.len() - ptr..];
-            // Gets the size of the written string from buffer
+            let size = u32::from_le_bytes([
-            let size =
+                str_memory[0],
-                u32::from_le_bytes([str_memory[0], str_memory[1], str_memory[2], str_memory[3]])
+                str_memory[1],
-                    as usize;
+                str_memory[2],
-            // Size of the string size
+                str_memory[3],
-            let string_size: usize = 4;
+            ]) as usize;
-            // Fetches actual string bytes from index of string after string size
+            let stored = &str_memory[4..4 + size];
-            // to the size of string plus string size
+            stored.cmp(s.as_bytes())
-            let iter = str_memory[string_size..size + string_size].iter();
-            // Compares bytes of fetched string and current writable string
-            iter.cloned().cmp(s.bytes())
         });
 
         match found {
-            Ok(index) => self.strings_pool[index],
+            Ok(index) => Ok(self.strings_pool[index]),
             Err(index) => {
-                let address = WIPOffset::new(self.create_byte_string(s.as_bytes()).value());
+                let address =
+                    WIPOffset::new(self.try_create_byte_string(s.as_bytes())?.value());
                 self.strings_pool.insert(index, address);
-                address
+                Ok(address)
             }
         }
     }
 
+    /// Create a utf8 string, and de-duplicate if already created.
+    ///
+    /// Uses a sorted Vec with binary search to track previously written
+    /// strings when in `no_std` mode.
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn create_shared_string<'a: 'b, 'b>(&'a mut self, s: &'b str) -> WIPOffset<&'fbb str> {
+        self.try_create_shared_string(s)
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
+    }
+
+    /// Fallible version of [`create_string`](Self::create_string).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_create_string<'a: 'b, 'b>(
+        &'a mut self,
+        s: &'b str,
+    ) -> Result<WIPOffset<&'fbb str>, A::Error> {
+        self.assert_not_nested(
+            "create_string can not be called when a table or vector is under construction",
+        );
+        Ok(WIPOffset::new(
+            self.try_create_byte_string(s.as_bytes())?.value(),
+        ))
+    }
+
     /// Create a utf8 string.
     ///
     /// The wire format represents this as a zero-terminated byte vector.
     #[inline]
     pub fn create_string<'a: 'b, 'b>(&'a mut self, s: &'b str) -> WIPOffset<&'fbb str> {
+        self.try_create_string(s)
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
+    }
+
+    /// Fallible version of [`create_byte_string`](Self::create_byte_string).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_create_byte_string(
+        &mut self,
+        data: &[u8],
+    ) -> Result<WIPOffset<&'fbb [u8]>, A::Error> {
         self.assert_not_nested(
-            "create_string can not be called when a table or vector is under construction",
+            "create_byte_string can not be called when a table or vector is under construction",
         );
-        WIPOffset::new(self.create_byte_string(s.as_bytes()).value())
+        self.align(data.len() + 1, PushAlignment::new(SIZE_UOFFSET))?;
+        self.try_push(0u8)?;
+        self.push_bytes_unprefixed(data)?;
+        self.try_push(data.len() as UOffsetT)?;
+        Ok(WIPOffset::new(self.used_space() as UOffsetT))
     }
 
     /// Create a zero-terminated byte vector.
     #[inline]
     pub fn create_byte_string(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> WIPOffset<&'fbb [u8]> {
-        self.assert_not_nested(
+        self.try_create_byte_string(data)
-            "create_byte_string can not be called when a table or vector is under construction",
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
-        );
-        self.align(data.len() + 1, PushAlignment::new(SIZE_UOFFSET));
-        self.push(0u8);
-        self.push_bytes_unprefixed(data);
-        self.push(data.len() as UOffsetT);
-        WIPOffset::new(self.used_space() as UOffsetT)
     }
 
-    /// Create a vector of Push-able objects.
+    /// Fallible version of [`create_vector`](Self::create_vector).
-    ///
-    /// Speed-sensitive users may wish to reduce memory usage by creating the
-    /// vector manually: use `start_vector`, `push`, and `end_vector`.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn create_vector<'a: 'b, 'b, T: Push + 'b>(
+    pub fn try_create_vector<'a: 'b, 'b, T: Push + 'b>(
         &'a mut self,
         items: &'b [T],
-    ) -> WIPOffset<Vector<'fbb, T::Output>> {
+    ) -> Result<WIPOffset<Vector<'fbb, T::Output>>, A::Error> {
         let elem_size = T::size();
         let slice_size = items.len() * elem_size;
-        self.align(slice_size, T::alignment().max_of(SIZE_UOFFSET));
+        self.align(slice_size, T::alignment().max_of(SIZE_UOFFSET))?;
-        self.ensure_capacity(slice_size + UOffsetT::size());
+        self.ensure_capacity(slice_size + UOffsetT::size())?;
 
         self.head -= slice_size;
         let mut written_len = self.head.distance_to_end();
@@ -430,7 +660,38 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
             unsafe { item.push(out, written_len) };
         }
 
-        WIPOffset::new(self.push::<UOffsetT>(items.len() as UOffsetT).value())
+        Ok(WIPOffset::new(
+            self.try_push::<UOffsetT>(items.len() as UOffsetT)?.value(),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    /// Create a vector of Push-able objects.
+    ///
+    /// Speed-sensitive users may wish to reduce memory usage by creating the
+    /// vector manually: use `start_vector`, `push`, and `end_vector`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn create_vector<'a: 'b, 'b, T: Push + 'b>(
+        &'a mut self,
+        items: &'b [T],
+    ) -> WIPOffset<Vector<'fbb, T::Output>> {
+        self.try_create_vector(items)
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
+    }
+
+    /// Fallible version of [`create_vector_from_iter`](Self::create_vector_from_iter).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_create_vector_from_iter<T: Push>(
+        &mut self,
+        items: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = T> + DoubleEndedIterator,
+    ) -> Result<WIPOffset<Vector<'fbb, T::Output>>, A::Error> {
+        let elem_size = T::size();
+        self.align(items.len() * elem_size, T::alignment().max_of(SIZE_UOFFSET))?;
+        let mut actual = 0;
+        for item in items.rev() {
+            self.try_push(item)?;
+            actual += 1;
+        }
+        Ok(WIPOffset::new(self.try_push::<UOffsetT>(actual)?.value()))
     }
 
     /// Create a vector of Push-able objects.
@@ -442,14 +703,8 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
         &mut self,
         items: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = T> + DoubleEndedIterator,
     ) -> WIPOffset<Vector<'fbb, T::Output>> {
-        let elem_size = T::size();
+        self.try_create_vector_from_iter(items)
-        self.align(items.len() * elem_size, T::alignment().max_of(SIZE_UOFFSET));
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
-        let mut actual = 0;
-        for item in items.rev() {
-            self.push(item);
-            actual += 1;
-        }
-        WIPOffset::new(self.push::<UOffsetT>(actual).value())
     }
 
     /// Set whether default values are stored.
@@ -512,13 +767,34 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
         assert!(o != 0, "missing required field {}", assert_msg_name);
     }
 
+    /// Fallible version of [`finish_size_prefixed`](Self::finish_size_prefixed).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_finish_size_prefixed<T>(
+        &mut self,
+        root: WIPOffset<T>,
+        file_identifier: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> Result<(), A::Error> {
+        self.finish_with_opts(root, file_identifier, true)
+    }
+
     /// Finalize the FlatBuffer by: aligning it, pushing an optional file
     /// identifier on to it, pushing a size prefix on to it, and marking the
     /// internal state of the FlatBufferBuilder as `finished`. Afterwards,
     /// users can call `finished_data` to get the resulting data.
     #[inline]
     pub fn finish_size_prefixed<T>(&mut self, root: WIPOffset<T>, file_identifier: Option<&str>) {
-        self.finish_with_opts(root, file_identifier, true);
+        self.try_finish_size_prefixed(root, file_identifier)
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
+    }
+
+    /// Fallible version of [`finish`](Self::finish).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_finish<T>(
+        &mut self,
+        root: WIPOffset<T>,
+        file_identifier: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> Result<(), A::Error> {
+        self.finish_with_opts(root, file_identifier, false)
     }
 
     /// Finalize the FlatBuffer by: aligning it, pushing an optional file
@@ -527,7 +803,14 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
     /// `finished_data` to get the resulting data.
     #[inline]
     pub fn finish<T>(&mut self, root: WIPOffset<T>, file_identifier: Option<&str>) {
-        self.finish_with_opts(root, file_identifier, false);
+        self.try_finish(root, file_identifier)
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
+    }
+
+    /// Fallible version of [`finish_minimal`](Self::finish_minimal).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn try_finish_minimal<T>(&mut self, root: WIPOffset<T>) -> Result<(), A::Error> {
+        self.finish_with_opts(root, None, false)
     }
 
     /// Finalize the FlatBuffer by: aligning it and marking the internal state
@@ -535,7 +818,8 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
     /// `finished_data` to get the resulting data.
     #[inline]
     pub fn finish_minimal<T>(&mut self, root: WIPOffset<T>) {
-        self.finish_with_opts(root, None, false);
+        self.try_finish_minimal(root)
+            .expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure")
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -553,13 +837,13 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
     fn write_vtable(
         &mut self,
         table_tail_revloc: WIPOffset<TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
-    ) -> WIPOffset<VTableWIPOffset> {
+    ) -> Result<WIPOffset<VTableWIPOffset>, A::Error> {
         self.assert_nested("write_vtable");
 
         // Write the vtable offset, which is the start of any Table.
         // We fill its value later.
         let object_revloc_to_vtable: WIPOffset<VTableWIPOffset> =
-            WIPOffset::new(self.push::<UOffsetT>(0xF0F0_F0F0).value());
+            WIPOffset::new(self.try_push::<UOffsetT>(0xF0F0_F0F0)?.value());
 
         // Layout of the data this function will create when a new vtable is
         // needed.
@@ -602,7 +886,7 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
 
         // fill the WIP vtable with zeros:
         let vtable_byte_len = get_vtable_byte_len(&self.field_locs);
-        self.make_space(vtable_byte_len);
+        self.make_space(vtable_byte_len)?;
 
         // compute the length of the table (not vtable!) in bytes:
         let table_object_size = object_revloc_to_vtable.value() - table_tail_revloc.value();
@@ -611,6 +895,8 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
         // Write the VTable (we may delete it afterwards, if it is a duplicate):
         let vt_start_pos = self.head;
         let vt_end_pos = self.head + vtable_byte_len;
+        // Zero out the vtable space - make_space only reserves but doesn't initialize
+        self.allocator[vt_start_pos.range_to(vt_end_pos)].fill(0);
         {
             // write the vtable header:
             let vtfw =
@@ -625,13 +911,15 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
             }
         }
         let new_vt_bytes = &self.allocator[vt_start_pos.range_to(vt_end_pos)];
-        let found = self.written_vtable_revpos.binary_search_by(|old_vtable_revpos: &UOffsetT| {
+        let found = self
-            let old_vtable_pos = self.allocator.len() - *old_vtable_revpos as usize;
+            .written_vtable_revpos
-            // Safety:
+            .binary_search_by(|old_vtable_revpos: &UOffsetT| {
-            // Already written vtables are valid by construction
+                let old_vtable_pos = self.allocator.len() - *old_vtable_revpos as usize;
-            let old_vtable = unsafe { VTable::init(&self.allocator, old_vtable_pos) };
+                // Safety:
-            new_vt_bytes.cmp(old_vtable.as_bytes())
+                // Already written vtables are valid by construction
-        });
+                let old_vtable = unsafe { VTable::init(&self.allocator, old_vtable_pos) };
+                new_vt_bytes.cmp(old_vtable.as_bytes())
+            });
         let final_vtable_revpos = match found {
             Ok(i) => {
                 // The new vtable is a duplicate so clear it.
@@ -669,17 +957,18 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
 
         self.field_locs.clear();
 
-        object_revloc_to_vtable
+        Ok(object_revloc_to_vtable)
     }
 
     // Only call this when you know it is safe to double the size of the buffer.
     #[inline]
-    fn grow_allocator(&mut self) {
+    fn grow_allocator(&mut self) -> Result<(), A::Error> {
         let starting_active_size = self.used_space();
-        self.allocator.grow_downwards().expect("Flatbuffer allocation failure");
+        self.allocator.grow_downwards()?;
 
         let ending_active_size = self.used_space();
         debug_assert_eq!(starting_active_size, ending_active_size);
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     // with or without a size prefix changes how we load the data, so finish*
@@ -689,7 +978,7 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
         root: WIPOffset<T>,
         file_identifier: Option<&str>,
         size_prefixed: bool,
-    ) {
+    ) -> Result<(), A::Error> {
         self.assert_not_finished("buffer cannot be finished when it is already finished");
         self.assert_not_nested(
             "buffer cannot be finished when a table or vector is under construction",
@@ -702,34 +991,40 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
             // for the size prefix:
             let b = if size_prefixed { SIZE_UOFFSET } else { 0 };
             // for the file identifier (a string that is not zero-terminated):
-            let c = if file_identifier.is_some() { FILE_IDENTIFIER_LENGTH } else { 0 };
+            let c = if file_identifier.is_some() {
+                FILE_IDENTIFIER_LENGTH
+            } else {
+                0
+            };
             a + b + c
         };
 
         {
             let ma = PushAlignment::new(self.min_align);
-            self.align(to_align, ma);
+            self.align(to_align, ma)?;
         }
 
         if let Some(ident) = file_identifier {
             debug_assert_eq!(ident.len(), FILE_IDENTIFIER_LENGTH);
-            self.push_bytes_unprefixed(ident.as_bytes());
+            self.push_bytes_unprefixed(ident.as_bytes())?;
         }
 
-        self.push(root);
+        self.try_push(root)?;
 
         if size_prefixed {
             let sz = self.used_space() as UOffsetT;
-            self.push::<UOffsetT>(sz);
+            self.try_push::<UOffsetT>(sz)?;
         }
         self.finished = true;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn align(&mut self, len: usize, alignment: PushAlignment) {
+    fn align(&mut self, len: usize, alignment: PushAlignment) -> Result<(), A::Error> {
         self.track_min_align(alignment.value());
         let s = self.used_space() as usize;
-        self.make_space(padding_bytes(s + len, alignment.value()));
+        self.make_space(padding_bytes(s + len, alignment.value()))?;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -738,31 +1033,34 @@ impl<'fbb, A: Allocator> FlatBufferBuilder<'fbb, A> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn push_bytes_unprefixed(&mut self, x: &[u8]) -> UOffsetT {
+    fn push_bytes_unprefixed(&mut self, x: &[u8]) -> Result<UOffsetT, A::Error> {
-        let n = self.make_space(x.len());
+        let n = self.make_space(x.len())?;
         self.allocator[n.range_to(n + x.len())].copy_from_slice(x);
 
-        n.to_forward_index(&self.allocator) as UOffsetT
+        Ok(n.to_forward_index(&self.allocator) as UOffsetT)
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn make_space(&mut self, want: usize) -> ReverseIndex {
+    fn make_space(&mut self, want: usize) -> Result<ReverseIndex, A::Error> {
-        self.ensure_capacity(want);
+        self.ensure_capacity(want)?;
         self.head -= want;
-        self.head
+        Ok(self.head)
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn ensure_capacity(&mut self, want: usize) -> usize {
+    fn ensure_capacity(&mut self, want: usize) -> Result<usize, A::Error> {
         if self.unused_ready_space() >= want {
-            return want;
+            return Ok(want);
         }
-        assert!(want <= FLATBUFFERS_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, "cannot grow buffer beyond 2 gigabytes");
+        assert!(
+            want <= FLATBUFFERS_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE,
+            "cannot grow buffer beyond 2 gigabytes"
+        );
 
         while self.unused_ready_space() < want {
-            self.grow_allocator();
+            self.grow_allocator()?;
         }
-        want
+        Ok(want)
     }
     #[inline]
     fn unused_ready_space(&self) -> usize {
@@ -929,6 +1227,33 @@ impl<T> IndexMut<ReverseIndexRange> for [T] {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+    use std::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout, System};
+
+    static ALLOC_COUNT: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
+
+    struct CountingAllocator;
+
+    unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for CountingAllocator {
+        unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+            ALLOC_COUNT.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            unsafe { System.alloc(layout) }
+        }
+        unsafe fn dealloc(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
+            unsafe { System.dealloc(ptr, layout) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[global_allocator]
+    static GLOBAL: CountingAllocator = CountingAllocator;
+
+    fn reset_alloc_count() {
+        ALLOC_COUNT.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
+    fn alloc_count() -> usize {
+        ALLOC_COUNT.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
 
     #[test]
     fn reverse_index_test() {
@@ -938,4 +1263,150 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(&buf[idx.range_to(idx + 1)], &[4]);
         assert_eq!(idx.to_forward_index(&buf), 4);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn with_internal_capacity_preallocates_vecs() {
+        let mut builder = FlatBufferBuilder::with_internal_capacity(64, 8, 16, 32);
+
+        assert!(builder.allocator.len() >= 64);
+        assert!(builder.field_locs.capacity() >= 8);
+        assert!(builder.written_vtable_revpos.capacity() >= 16);
+        assert!(builder.strings_pool.capacity() >= 32);
+
+        assert!(builder.field_locs.is_empty());
+        assert!(builder.written_vtable_revpos.is_empty());
+        assert!(builder.strings_pool.is_empty());
+
+        // Reset the allocation counter after builder construction
+        reset_alloc_count();
+
+        // Add a shared string and verify it lands in the pool
+        let s1 = builder.create_shared_string("hello");
+        assert_eq!(builder.strings_pool.len(), 1);
+
+        // Adding the same string again should reuse the pooled entry
+        let s2 = builder.create_shared_string("hello");
+        assert_eq!(builder.strings_pool.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(s1.value(), s2.value());
+
+        // A different string should add a new entry
+        let _s3 = builder.create_shared_string("world");
+        assert_eq!(builder.strings_pool.len(), 2);
+
+        // With sufficient preallocated capacity, no additional allocations
+        // should have occurred for the internal vecs during the operations above
+        let allocs = alloc_count();
+        assert_eq!(
+            allocs, 0,
+            "expected 0 allocations after builder construction, got {}",
+            allocs
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// A test allocator that fails after a specified number of grow operations.
+    struct FailingAllocator {
+        inner: DefaultAllocator,
+        grows_remaining: usize,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+    struct AllocationError;
+
+    impl core::fmt::Display for AllocationError {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+            write!(f, "allocation failed")
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl FailingAllocator {
+        fn new(initial_size: usize, max_grows: usize) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: DefaultAllocator::from_vec(vec![0u8; initial_size]),
+                grows_remaining: max_grows,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Deref for FailingAllocator {
+        type Target = [u8];
+        fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+            &self.inner
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl DerefMut for FailingAllocator {
+        fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+            &mut self.inner
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe impl Allocator for FailingAllocator {
+        type Error = AllocationError;
+
+        fn grow_downwards(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+            if self.grows_remaining == 0 {
+                return Err(AllocationError);
+            }
+            self.grows_remaining -= 1;
+            // DefaultAllocator returns Infallible, so unwrap is safe
+            self.inner.grow_downwards().unwrap();
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        fn len(&self) -> usize {
+            self.inner.len()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn try_push_propagates_allocation_error() {
+        let allocator = FailingAllocator::new(1, 0);
+        let mut builder = FlatBufferBuilder::new_in(allocator);
+
+        let result = builder.try_push::<u64>(0x1234567890ABCDEF);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn try_create_string_propagates_allocation_error() {
+        let allocator = FailingAllocator::new(1, 0);
+        let mut builder = FlatBufferBuilder::new_in(allocator);
+
+        let result = builder.try_create_string("hello world");
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn try_create_vector_propagates_allocation_error() {
+        let allocator = FailingAllocator::new(1, 0);
+        let mut builder = FlatBufferBuilder::new_in(allocator);
+
+        let result = builder.try_create_vector(&[1u32, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn try_methods_succeed_with_sufficient_capacity() {
+        let allocator = FailingAllocator::new(1, 10);
+        let mut builder = FlatBufferBuilder::new_in(allocator);
+
+        let result = builder.try_create_string("hello");
+        assert!(result.is_ok());
+
+        let result = builder.try_create_vector(&[1u32, 2, 3]);
+        assert!(result.is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn try_finish_propagates_allocation_error() {
+        let allocator = FailingAllocator::new(1, 3);
+        let mut builder = FlatBufferBuilder::new_in(allocator);
+
+        let start = builder.start_table();
+        let table = builder
+            .try_end_table(start)
+            .expect("end_table should succeed with 3 grows");
+        let result = builder.try_finish_minimal(table);
+        assert!(result.is_err(), "finish should fail after grows exhausted");
+    }
 }

rust/flatbuffers/src/vector.rs

@@ -107,6 +107,20 @@ impl<'a, T: Follow<'a> + 'a> Vector<'a, T> {
         key: K,
         f: fn(&<T as Follow<'a>>::Inner, &K) -> Ordering,
     ) -> Option<T::Inner> {
+        self.lookup_index_by_key(key, f).map(|idx| self.get(idx))
+    }
+
+    /// Binary search by key, returning the index of the matching element.
+    ///
+    /// This is similar to `lookup_by_key`, but returns the index of the found
+    /// element rather than the element itself. This is useful when you need
+    /// to reference elements by their position in the vector.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn lookup_index_by_key<K: Ord>(
+        &self,
+        key: K,
+        f: fn(&<T as Follow<'a>>::Inner, &K) -> Ordering,
+    ) -> Option<usize> {
         if self.is_empty() {
             return None;
         }
@@ -118,7 +132,7 @@ impl<'a, T: Follow<'a> + 'a> Vector<'a, T> {
             let mid = (left + right) / 2;
             let value = self.get(mid);
             match f(&value, &key) {
-                Ordering::Equal => return Some(value),
+                Ordering::Equal => return Some(mid),
                 Ordering::Less => left = mid + 1,
                 Ordering::Greater => {
                     if mid == 0 {

rust/flatbuffers/src/verifier.rs

@@ -492,8 +492,8 @@ impl<'ver, 'opts, 'buf> TableVerifier<'ver, 'opts, 'buf> {
                 Ok(self)
             }
             _ => InvalidFlatbuffer::new_inconsistent_union(
-                key_field_name.into(),
                 val_field_name.into(),
+                key_field_name.into(),
             ),
         }
     }

rust/flexbuffers/src/builder/ser.rs

@@ -421,6 +421,9 @@ impl<'a> Serializer for MapKeySerializer<'a> {
     type SerializeStruct = Impossible<(), Error>;
     type SerializeStructVariant = Impossible<(), Error>;
 
+    fn is_human_readable(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_human_readable()
+    }
     fn serialize_bool(self, _value: bool) -> Result<(), Error> {
         key_must_be_a_string()
     }

rust/reflection/src/reflection_verifier.rs

@@ -397,8 +397,8 @@ fn verify_union<'a, 'b, 'c>(
         }
     } else {
         return InvalidFlatbuffer::new_inconsistent_union(
-            format!("{}_type", field.name()),
             field.name().to_string(),
+            format!("{}_type", field.name()),
         )?;
     }
 

samples/monster_generated.h

@@ -328,6 +328,10 @@ struct Monster FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS : private ::flatbuffers::Table {
   const MyGame::Sample::Weapon *equipped_as_Weapon() const {
     return equipped_type() == MyGame::Sample::Equipment_Weapon ? static_cast<const MyGame::Sample::Weapon *>(equipped()) : nullptr;
   }
+  template<typename T> T *mutable_equipped_as();
+  MyGame::Sample::Weapon *mutable_equipped_as_Weapon() {
+    return equipped_type() == MyGame::Sample::Equipment_Weapon ? static_cast<MyGame::Sample::Weapon *>(mutable_equipped()) : nullptr;
+  }
   void *mutable_equipped() {
     return GetPointer<void *>(VT_EQUIPPED);
   }
@@ -367,6 +371,10 @@ template<> inline const MyGame::Sample::Weapon *Monster::equipped_as<MyGame::Sam
   return equipped_as_Weapon();
 }
 
+template<> inline MyGame::Sample::Weapon *Monster::mutable_equipped_as<MyGame::Sample::Weapon>() {
+  return mutable_equipped_as_Weapon();
+}
+
 struct MonsterBuilder {
   typedef Monster Table;
   ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &fbb_;
@@ -635,7 +643,7 @@ inline ::flatbuffers::Offset<Monster> Monster::Pack(::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBui
   auto _name = _o->name.empty() ? 0 : _fbb.CreateString(_o->name);
   auto _inventory = _o->inventory.size() ? _fbb.CreateVector(_o->inventory) : 0;
   auto _color = _o->color;
-  auto _weapons = _o->weapons.size() ? _fbb.CreateVector<::flatbuffers::Offset<MyGame::Sample::Weapon>> (_o->weapons.size(), [](size_t i, _VectorArgs *__va) { return CreateWeapon(*__va->__fbb, __va->__o->weapons[i].get(), __va->__rehasher); }, &_va ) : 0;
+  auto _weapons = _o->weapons.size() ? _fbb.CreateVector<::flatbuffers::Offset<MyGame::Sample::Weapon>> (_o->weapons.size(), [](size_t i, _VectorArgs *__va) { return MyGame::Sample::CreateWeapon(*__va->__fbb, __va->__o->weapons[i].get(), __va->__rehasher); }, &_va ) : 0;
   auto _equipped_type = _o->equipped.type;
   auto _equipped = _o->equipped.Pack(_fbb);
   auto _path = _o->path.size() ? _fbb.CreateVectorOfStructs(_o->path) : 0;

samples/monster_generated.swift

@@ -113,12 +113,12 @@ public struct MyGame_Sample_Vec3: NativeStruct, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable,
 }
 
 extension MyGame_Sample_Vec3: Encodable {
-
   enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
     case x = "x"
     case y = "y"
     case z = "z"
   }
+
   public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
     var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
     if x != 0.0 {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ public struct MyGame_Sample_Vec3_Mutable: FlatBufferStruct, FlatbuffersVectorIni
   }
 }
 
-public struct MyGame_Sample_Monster: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable, Verifiable, ObjectAPIPacker {
+public struct MyGame_Sample_Monster: FlatBufferVerifiableTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable, ObjectAPIPacker {
 
   static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_12_19() }
   public var __buffer: ByteBuffer! { return _accessor.bb }
@@ -170,51 +170,49 @@ public struct MyGame_Sample_Monster: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializ
   private init(_ t: Table) { _accessor = t }
   public init(_ bb: ByteBuffer, o: Int32) { _accessor = Table(bb: bb, position: o) }
 
-  private enum VTOFFSET: VOffset {
+  private struct VT {
-    case pos = 4
+    static let pos: VOffset = 4
-    case mana = 6
+    static let mana: VOffset = 6
-    case hp = 8
+    static let hp: VOffset = 8
-    case name = 10
+    static let name: VOffset = 10
-    case inventory = 14
+    static let inventory: VOffset = 14
-    case color = 16
+    static let color: VOffset = 16
-    case weapons = 18
+    static let weapons: VOffset = 18
-    case equippedType = 20
+    static let equippedType: VOffset = 20
-    case equipped = 22
+    static let equipped: VOffset = 22
-    case path = 24
+    static let path: VOffset = 24
-    var v: Int32 { Int32(self.rawValue) }
-    var p: VOffset { self.rawValue }
   }
 
-  public var pos: MyGame_Sample_Vec3? { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.pos.v); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.readBuffer(of: MyGame_Sample_Vec3.self, at: o) }
+  public var pos: MyGame_Sample_Vec3? { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.pos); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.readBuffer(of: MyGame_Sample_Vec3.self, at: o) }
-  public var mutablePos: MyGame_Sample_Vec3_Mutable? { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.pos.v); return o == 0 ? nil : MyGame_Sample_Vec3_Mutable(_accessor.bb, o: o + _accessor.position) }
+  public var mutablePos: MyGame_Sample_Vec3_Mutable? { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.pos); return o == 0 ? nil : MyGame_Sample_Vec3_Mutable(_accessor.bb, o: o + _accessor.position) }
-  public var mana: Int16 { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.mana.v); return o == 0 ? 150 : _accessor.readBuffer(of: Int16.self, at: o) }
+  public var mana: Int16 { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.mana); return o == 0 ? 150 : _accessor.readBuffer(of: Int16.self, at: o) }
-  @discardableResult public func mutate(mana: Int16) -> Bool {let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.mana.v);  return _accessor.mutate(mana, index: o) }
+  @discardableResult public func mutate(mana: Int16) -> Bool {let o = _accessor.offset(VT.mana);  return _accessor.mutate(mana, index: o) }
-  public var hp: Int16 { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.hp.v); return o == 0 ? 100 : _accessor.readBuffer(of: Int16.self, at: o) }
+  public var hp: Int16 { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.hp); return o == 0 ? 100 : _accessor.readBuffer(of: Int16.self, at: o) }
-  @discardableResult public func mutate(hp: Int16) -> Bool {let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.hp.v);  return _accessor.mutate(hp, index: o) }
+  @discardableResult public func mutate(hp: Int16) -> Bool {let o = _accessor.offset(VT.hp);  return _accessor.mutate(hp, index: o) }
-  public var name: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.name.v); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
+  public var name: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.name); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
-  public var nameSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VTOFFSET.name.v) }
+  public var nameSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VT.name) }
-  public var inventory: FlatbufferVector<UInt8> { return _accessor.vector(at: VTOFFSET.inventory.v, byteSize: 1) }
+  public var inventory: FlatbufferVector<UInt8> { return _accessor.vector(at: VT.inventory, byteSize: 1) }
-  public func mutate(inventory: UInt8, at index: Int32) -> Bool { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.inventory.v); return _accessor.directMutate(inventory, index: _accessor.vector(at: o) + index * 1) }
+  public func mutate(inventory: UInt8, at index: Int32) -> Bool { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.inventory); return _accessor.directMutate(inventory, index: _accessor.vector(at: o) + index * 1) }
-  public func withUnsafePointerToInventory<T>(_ body: (UnsafeRawBufferPointer, Int) throws -> T) rethrows -> T? { return try _accessor.withUnsafePointerToSlice(at: VTOFFSET.inventory.v, body: body) }
+  public func withUnsafePointerToInventory<T>(_ body: (UnsafeRawBufferPointer, Int) throws -> T) rethrows -> T? { return try _accessor.withUnsafePointerToSlice(at: VT.inventory, body: body) }
-  public var color: MyGame_Sample_Color { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.color.v); return o == 0 ? .blue : MyGame_Sample_Color(rawValue: _accessor.readBuffer(of: Int8.self, at: o)) ?? .blue }
+  public var color: MyGame_Sample_Color { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.color); return o == 0 ? .blue : MyGame_Sample_Color(rawValue: _accessor.readBuffer(of: Int8.self, at: o)) ?? .blue }
-  @discardableResult public func mutate(color: MyGame_Sample_Color) -> Bool {let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.color.v);  return _accessor.mutate(color.rawValue, index: o) }
+  @discardableResult public func mutate(color: MyGame_Sample_Color) -> Bool {let o = _accessor.offset(VT.color);  return _accessor.mutate(color.rawValue, index: o) }
-  public var weapons: FlatbufferVector<MyGame_Sample_Weapon> { return _accessor.vector(at: VTOFFSET.weapons.v, byteSize: 4) }
+  public var weapons: FlatbufferVector<MyGame_Sample_Weapon> { return _accessor.vector(at: VT.weapons, byteSize: 4) }
-  public var equippedType: MyGame_Sample_Equipment { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.equippedType.v); return o == 0 ? .none_ : MyGame_Sample_Equipment(rawValue: _accessor.readBuffer(of: UInt8.self, at: o)) ?? .none_ }
+  public var equippedType: MyGame_Sample_Equipment { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.equippedType); return o == 0 ? .none_ : MyGame_Sample_Equipment(rawValue: _accessor.readBuffer(of: UInt8.self, at: o)) ?? .none_ }
-  public func equipped<T: FlatbuffersInitializable>(type: T.Type) -> T? { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.equipped.v); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.union(o) }
+  public func equipped<T: FlatbuffersInitializable>(type: T.Type) -> T? { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.equipped); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.union(o) }
-  public var path: FlatbufferVector<MyGame_Sample_Vec3> { return _accessor.vector(at: VTOFFSET.path.v, byteSize: 12) }
+  public var path: FlatbufferVector<MyGame_Sample_Vec3> { return _accessor.vector(at: VT.path, byteSize: 12) }
-  public var mutablePath: FlatbufferVector<MyGame_Sample_Vec3_Mutable> { return _accessor.vector(at: VTOFFSET.path.v, byteSize: 12) }
+  public var mutablePath: FlatbufferVector<MyGame_Sample_Vec3_Mutable> { return _accessor.vector(at: VT.path, byteSize: 12) }
-  public func withUnsafePointerToPath<T>(_ body: (UnsafeRawBufferPointer, Int) throws -> T) rethrows -> T? { return try _accessor.withUnsafePointerToSlice(at: VTOFFSET.path.v, body: body) }
+  public func withUnsafePointerToPath<T>(_ body: (UnsafeRawBufferPointer, Int) throws -> T) rethrows -> T? { return try _accessor.withUnsafePointerToSlice(at: VT.path, body: body) }
   public static func startMonster(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) -> UOffset { fbb.startTable(with: 11) }
-  public static func add(pos: MyGame_Sample_Vec3?, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { guard let pos = pos else { return }; fbb.create(struct: pos, position: VTOFFSET.pos.p) }
+  public static func add(pos: MyGame_Sample_Vec3?, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { guard let pos = pos else { return }; fbb.create(struct: pos, position: VT.pos) }
-  public static func add(mana: Int16, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(element: mana, def: 150, at: VTOFFSET.mana.p) }
+  public static func add(mana: Int16, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(element: mana, def: 150, at: VT.mana) }
-  public static func add(hp: Int16, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(element: hp, def: 100, at: VTOFFSET.hp.p) }
+  public static func add(hp: Int16, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(element: hp, def: 100, at: VT.hp) }
-  public static func add(name: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: name, at: VTOFFSET.name.p) }
+  public static func add(name: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: name, at: VT.name) }
-  public static func addVectorOf(inventory: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: inventory, at: VTOFFSET.inventory.p) }
+  public static func addVectorOf(inventory: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: inventory, at: VT.inventory) }
-  public static func add(color: MyGame_Sample_Color, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(element: color.rawValue, def: 2, at: VTOFFSET.color.p) }
+  public static func add(color: MyGame_Sample_Color, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(element: color.rawValue, def: 2, at: VT.color) }
-  public static func addVectorOf(weapons: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: weapons, at: VTOFFSET.weapons.p) }
+  public static func addVectorOf(weapons: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: weapons, at: VT.weapons) }
-  public static func add(equippedType: MyGame_Sample_Equipment, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(element: equippedType.rawValue, def: 0, at: VTOFFSET.equippedType.p) }
+  public static func add(equippedType: MyGame_Sample_Equipment, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(element: equippedType.rawValue, def: 0, at: VT.equippedType) }
-  public static func add(equipped: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: equipped, at: VTOFFSET.equipped.p) }
+  public static func add(equipped: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: equipped, at: VT.equipped) }
-  public static func addVectorOf(path: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: path, at: VTOFFSET.path.p) }
+  public static func addVectorOf(path: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: path, at: VT.path) }
   public static func startVectorOfPath(_ size: Int, in builder: inout FlatBufferBuilder) {
     builder.startVector(size * MemoryLayout<MyGame_Sample_Vec3>.size, elementSize: MemoryLayout<MyGame_Sample_Vec3>.alignment)
   }
@@ -293,14 +291,14 @@ public struct MyGame_Sample_Monster: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializ
 
   public static func verify<T>(_ verifier: inout Verifier, at position: Int, of type: T.Type) throws where T: Verifiable {
     var _v = try verifier.visitTable(at: position)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.pos.p, fieldName: "pos", required: false, type: MyGame_Sample_Vec3.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.pos, fieldName: "pos", required: false, type: MyGame_Sample_Vec3.self)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.mana.p, fieldName: "mana", required: false, type: Int16.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.mana, fieldName: "mana", required: false, type: Int16.self)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.hp.p, fieldName: "hp", required: false, type: Int16.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.hp, fieldName: "hp", required: false, type: Int16.self)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.name.p, fieldName: "name", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.name, fieldName: "name", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.inventory.p, fieldName: "inventory", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<Vector<UInt8, UInt8>>.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.inventory, fieldName: "inventory", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<Vector<UInt8, UInt8>>.self)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.color.p, fieldName: "color", required: false, type: MyGame_Sample_Color.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.color, fieldName: "color", required: false, type: MyGame_Sample_Color.self)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.weapons.p, fieldName: "weapons", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<Vector<ForwardOffset<MyGame_Sample_Weapon>, MyGame_Sample_Weapon>>.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.weapons, fieldName: "weapons", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<Vector<ForwardOffset<MyGame_Sample_Weapon>, MyGame_Sample_Weapon>>.self)
-    try _v.visit(unionKey: VTOFFSET.equippedType.p, unionField: VTOFFSET.equipped.p, unionKeyName: "equippedType", fieldName: "equipped", required: false, completion: { (verifier, key: MyGame_Sample_Equipment, pos) in
+    try _v.visit(unionKey: VT.equippedType, unionField: VT.equipped, unionKeyName: "equippedType", fieldName: "equipped", required: false, completion: { (verifier, key: MyGame_Sample_Equipment, pos) in
       switch key {
       case .none_:
         break // NOTE - SWIFT doesnt support none
@@ -308,13 +306,12 @@ public struct MyGame_Sample_Monster: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializ
         try ForwardOffset<MyGame_Sample_Weapon>.verify(&verifier, at: pos, of: MyGame_Sample_Weapon.self)
       }
     })
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.path.p, fieldName: "path", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<Vector<MyGame_Sample_Vec3, MyGame_Sample_Vec3>>.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.path, fieldName: "path", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<Vector<MyGame_Sample_Vec3, MyGame_Sample_Vec3>>.self)
     _v.finish()
   }
 }
 
 extension MyGame_Sample_Monster: Encodable {
-
   enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
     case pos = "pos"
     case mana = "mana"
@@ -327,6 +324,7 @@ extension MyGame_Sample_Monster: Encodable {
     case equipped = "equipped"
     case path = "path"
   }
+
   public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
     var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
     try container.encodeIfPresent(pos, forKey: .pos)
@@ -402,7 +400,7 @@ public class MyGame_Sample_MonsterT: NativeObject {
   public func serialize() -> ByteBuffer { return serialize(type: MyGame_Sample_Monster.self) }
 
 }
-public struct MyGame_Sample_Weapon: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable, Verifiable, ObjectAPIPacker {
+public struct MyGame_Sample_Weapon: FlatBufferVerifiableTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable, ObjectAPIPacker {
 
   static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_12_19() }
   public var __buffer: ByteBuffer! { return _accessor.bb }
@@ -411,20 +409,18 @@ public struct MyGame_Sample_Weapon: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializa
   private init(_ t: Table) { _accessor = t }
   public init(_ bb: ByteBuffer, o: Int32) { _accessor = Table(bb: bb, position: o) }
 
-  private enum VTOFFSET: VOffset {
+  private struct VT {
-    case name = 4
+    static let name: VOffset = 4
-    case damage = 6
+    static let damage: VOffset = 6
-    var v: Int32 { Int32(self.rawValue) }
-    var p: VOffset { self.rawValue }
   }
 
-  public var name: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.name.v); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
+  public var name: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.name); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
-  public var nameSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VTOFFSET.name.v) }
+  public var nameSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VT.name) }
-  public var damage: Int16 { let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.damage.v); return o == 0 ? 0 : _accessor.readBuffer(of: Int16.self, at: o) }
+  public var damage: Int16 { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.damage); return o == 0 ? 0 : _accessor.readBuffer(of: Int16.self, at: o) }
-  @discardableResult public func mutate(damage: Int16) -> Bool {let o = _accessor.offset(VTOFFSET.damage.v);  return _accessor.mutate(damage, index: o) }
+  @discardableResult public func mutate(damage: Int16) -> Bool {let o = _accessor.offset(VT.damage);  return _accessor.mutate(damage, index: o) }
   public static func startWeapon(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) -> UOffset { fbb.startTable(with: 2) }
-  public static func add(name: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: name, at: VTOFFSET.name.p) }
+  public static func add(name: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: name, at: VT.name) }
-  public static func add(damage: Int16, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(element: damage, def: 0, at: VTOFFSET.damage.p) }
+  public static func add(damage: Int16, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(element: damage, def: 0, at: VT.damage) }
   public static func endWeapon(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder, start: UOffset) -> Offset { let end = Offset(offset: fbb.endTable(at: start)); return end }
   public static func createWeapon(
     _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder,
@@ -461,18 +457,18 @@ public struct MyGame_Sample_Weapon: FlatBufferTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializa
 
   public static func verify<T>(_ verifier: inout Verifier, at position: Int, of type: T.Type) throws where T: Verifiable {
     var _v = try verifier.visitTable(at: position)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.name.p, fieldName: "name", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.name, fieldName: "name", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
-    try _v.visit(field: VTOFFSET.damage.p, fieldName: "damage", required: false, type: Int16.self)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.damage, fieldName: "damage", required: false, type: Int16.self)
     _v.finish()
   }
 }
 
 extension MyGame_Sample_Weapon: Encodable {
-
   enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
     case name = "name"
     case damage = "damage"
   }
+
   public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
     var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
     try container.encodeIfPresent(name, forKey: .name)

samples/rust_generated/mod.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 // Automatically generated by the Flatbuffers compiler. Do not modify.
 // @generated
 pub mod my_game {
-  use super::*;
-  pub mod sample {
     use super::*;
-    mod color_generated;
+    pub mod sample {
-    pub use self::color_generated::*;
+        use super::*;
-    mod equipment_generated;
+        mod color_generated;
-    pub use self::equipment_generated::*;
+        pub use self::color_generated::*;
-    mod vec_3_generated;
+        mod equipment_generated;
-    pub use self::vec_3_generated::*;
+        pub use self::equipment_generated::*;
-    mod monster_generated;
+        mod vec_3_generated;
-    pub use self::monster_generated::*;
+        pub use self::vec_3_generated::*;
-    mod weapon_generated;
+        mod monster_generated;
-    pub use self::weapon_generated::*;
+        pub use self::monster_generated::*;
-  } // sample
+        mod weapon_generated;
+        pub use self::weapon_generated::*;
+    } // sample
 } // my_game

samples/rust_generated/my_game/sample/color_generated.rs

@@ -2,64 +2,73 @@
 // @generated
 extern crate alloc;
 use super::*;
+
 #[deprecated(since = "2.0.0", note = "Use associated constants instead. This will no longer be generated in 2021.")]
 pub const ENUM_MIN_COLOR: i8 = 0;
+
 #[deprecated(since = "2.0.0", note = "Use associated constants instead. This will no longer be generated in 2021.")]
 pub const ENUM_MAX_COLOR: i8 = 2;
+
 #[deprecated(since = "2.0.0", note = "Use associated constants instead. This will no longer be generated in 2021.")]
 #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
 pub const ENUM_VALUES_COLOR: [Color; 3] = [
-  Color::Red,
+    Color::Red,
-  Color::Green,
+    Color::Green,
-  Color::Blue,
+    Color::Blue,
 ];
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Default)]
 #[repr(transparent)]
 pub struct Color(pub i8);
+
 #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
 impl Color {
-  pub const Red: Self = Self(0);
+    pub const Red: Self = Self(0);
-  pub const Green: Self = Self(1);
+    pub const Green: Self = Self(1);
-  pub const Blue: Self = Self(2);
+    pub const Blue: Self = Self(2);
 
-  pub const ENUM_MIN: i8 = 0;
+    pub const ENUM_MIN: i8 = 0;
-  pub const ENUM_MAX: i8 = 2;
+    pub const ENUM_MAX: i8 = 2;
-  pub const ENUM_VALUES: &'static [Self] = &[
+    pub const ENUM_VALUES: &'static [Self] = &[
-    Self::Red,
+        Self::Red,
-    Self::Green,
+        Self::Green,
-    Self::Blue,
+        Self::Blue,
-  ];
+    ];
-  /// Returns the variant's name or "" if unknown.
+
-  pub fn variant_name(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    /// Returns the variant's name or "" if unknown.
-    match self {
+    pub fn variant_name(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
-      Self::Red => Some("Red"),
+        match self {
-      Self::Green => Some("Green"),
+            Self::Red => Some("Red"),
-      Self::Blue => Some("Blue"),
+            Self::Green => Some("Green"),
-      _ => None,
+            Self::Blue => Some("Blue"),
+            _ => None,
+        }
     }
-  }
 }
+
 impl ::core::fmt::Debug for Color {
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
-    if let Some(name) = self.variant_name() {
+        if let Some(name) = self.variant_name() {
-      f.write_str(name)
+            f.write_str(name)
-    } else {
+        } else {
-      f.write_fmt(format_args!("<UNKNOWN {:?}>", self.0))
+            f.write_fmt(format_args!("<UNKNOWN {:?}>", self.0))
+        }
     }
-  }
 }
+
 impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Color {
-  type Inner = Self;
+    type Inner = Self;
-  #[inline]
+
-  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    #[inline]
-    let b = unsafe { ::flatbuffers::read_scalar_at::<i8>(buf, loc) };
+    unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
-    Self(b)
+        let b = unsafe { ::flatbuffers::read_scalar_at::<i8>(buf, loc) };
-  }
+        Self(b)
+    }
 }
 
 impl ::flatbuffers::Push for Color {
     type Output = Color;
+
     #[inline]
     unsafe fn push(&self, dst: &mut [u8], _written_len: usize) {
         unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar::<i8>(dst, self.0) };
@@ -67,26 +76,28 @@ impl ::flatbuffers::Push for Color {
 }
 
 impl ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar for Color {
-  type Scalar = i8;
+    type Scalar = i8;
-  #[inline]
+
-  fn to_little_endian(self) -> i8 {
+    #[inline]
-    self.0.to_le()
+    fn to_little_endian(self) -> i8 {
-  }
+        self.0.to_le()
-  #[inline]
+    }
-  #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
+
-  fn from_little_endian(v: i8) -> Self {
+    #[inline]
-    let b = i8::from_le(v);
+    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
-    Self(b)
+    fn from_little_endian(v: i8) -> Self {
-  }
+        let b = i8::from_le(v);
+        Self(b)
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for Color {
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  fn run_verifier(
+    fn run_verifier(
-    v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+        v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
-  ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-    i8::run_verifier(v, pos)
+        i8::run_verifier(v, pos)
-  }
+    }
 }
 
 impl ::flatbuffers::SimpleToVerifyInSlice for Color {}

samples/rust_generated/my_game/sample/equipment_generated.rs

@@ -2,60 +2,69 @@
 // @generated
 extern crate alloc;
 use super::*;
+
 #[deprecated(since = "2.0.0", note = "Use associated constants instead. This will no longer be generated in 2021.")]
 pub const ENUM_MIN_EQUIPMENT: u8 = 0;
+
 #[deprecated(since = "2.0.0", note = "Use associated constants instead. This will no longer be generated in 2021.")]
 pub const ENUM_MAX_EQUIPMENT: u8 = 1;
+
 #[deprecated(since = "2.0.0", note = "Use associated constants instead. This will no longer be generated in 2021.")]
 #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
 pub const ENUM_VALUES_EQUIPMENT: [Equipment; 2] = [
-  Equipment::NONE,
+    Equipment::NONE,
-  Equipment::Weapon,
+    Equipment::Weapon,
 ];
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Default)]
 #[repr(transparent)]
 pub struct Equipment(pub u8);
+
 #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
 impl Equipment {
-  pub const NONE: Self = Self(0);
+    pub const NONE: Self = Self(0);
-  pub const Weapon: Self = Self(1);
+    pub const Weapon: Self = Self(1);
 
-  pub const ENUM_MIN: u8 = 0;
+    pub const ENUM_MIN: u8 = 0;
-  pub const ENUM_MAX: u8 = 1;
+    pub const ENUM_MAX: u8 = 1;
-  pub const ENUM_VALUES: &'static [Self] = &[
+    pub const ENUM_VALUES: &'static [Self] = &[
-    Self::NONE,
+        Self::NONE,
-    Self::Weapon,
+        Self::Weapon,
-  ];
+    ];
-  /// Returns the variant's name or "" if unknown.
+
-  pub fn variant_name(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    /// Returns the variant's name or "" if unknown.
-    match self {
+    pub fn variant_name(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
-      Self::NONE => Some("NONE"),
+        match self {
-      Self::Weapon => Some("Weapon"),
+            Self::NONE => Some("NONE"),
-      _ => None,
+            Self::Weapon => Some("Weapon"),
+            _ => None,
+        }
     }
-  }
 }
+
 impl ::core::fmt::Debug for Equipment {
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
-    if let Some(name) = self.variant_name() {
+        if let Some(name) = self.variant_name() {
-      f.write_str(name)
+            f.write_str(name)
-    } else {
+        } else {
-      f.write_fmt(format_args!("<UNKNOWN {:?}>", self.0))
+            f.write_fmt(format_args!("<UNKNOWN {:?}>", self.0))
+        }
     }
-  }
 }
+
 impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Equipment {
-  type Inner = Self;
+    type Inner = Self;
-  #[inline]
+
-  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    #[inline]
-    let b = unsafe { ::flatbuffers::read_scalar_at::<u8>(buf, loc) };
+    unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
-    Self(b)
+        let b = unsafe { ::flatbuffers::read_scalar_at::<u8>(buf, loc) };
-  }
+        Self(b)
+    }
 }
 
 impl ::flatbuffers::Push for Equipment {
     type Output = Equipment;
+
     #[inline]
     unsafe fn push(&self, dst: &mut [u8], _written_len: usize) {
         unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar::<u8>(dst, self.0) };
@@ -63,75 +72,85 @@ impl ::flatbuffers::Push for Equipment {
 }
 
 impl ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar for Equipment {
-  type Scalar = u8;
+    type Scalar = u8;
-  #[inline]
+
-  fn to_little_endian(self) -> u8 {
+    #[inline]
-    self.0.to_le()
+    fn to_little_endian(self) -> u8 {
-  }
+        self.0.to_le()
-  #[inline]
+    }
-  #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
+
-  fn from_little_endian(v: u8) -> Self {
+    #[inline]
-    let b = u8::from_le(v);
+    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
-    Self(b)
+    fn from_little_endian(v: u8) -> Self {
-  }
+        let b = u8::from_le(v);
+        Self(b)
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for Equipment {
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  fn run_verifier(
+    fn run_verifier(
-    v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+        v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
-  ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-    u8::run_verifier(v, pos)
+        u8::run_verifier(v, pos)
-  }
+    }
 }
 
 impl ::flatbuffers::SimpleToVerifyInSlice for Equipment {}
+
 pub struct EquipmentUnionTableOffset {}
 
 #[allow(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub enum EquipmentT {
-  NONE,
+    NONE,
-  Weapon(alloc::boxed::Box<WeaponT>),
+    Weapon(alloc::boxed::Box<WeaponT>),
 }
+
 impl Default for EquipmentT {
-  fn default() -> Self {
+    fn default() -> Self {
-    Self::NONE
+        Self::NONE
-  }
+    }
 }
+
 impl EquipmentT {
-  pub fn equipment_type(&self) -> Equipment {
+    pub fn equipment_type(&self) -> Equipment {
-    match self {
+        match self {
-      Self::NONE => Equipment::NONE,
+            Self::NONE => Equipment::NONE,
-      Self::Weapon(_) => Equipment::Weapon,
+            Self::Weapon(_) => Equipment::Weapon,
+        }
     }
-  }
+
-  pub fn pack<'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'b>(&self, fbb: &mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'b, A>) -> Option<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::UnionWIPOffset>> {
+    pub fn pack<'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'b>(&self, fbb: &mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'b, A>) -> Option<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::UnionWIPOffset>> {
-    match self {
+        match self {
-      Self::NONE => None,
+            Self::NONE => None,
-      Self::Weapon(v) => Some(v.pack(fbb).as_union_value()),
+            Self::Weapon(v) => Some(v.pack(fbb).as_union_value()),
+        }
     }
-  }
+
-  /// If the union variant matches, return the owned WeaponT, setting the union to NONE.
+    /// If the union variant matches, return the owned WeaponT, setting the union to NONE.
-  pub fn take_weapon(&mut self) -> Option<alloc::boxed::Box<WeaponT>> {
+    pub fn take_weapon(&mut self) -> Option<alloc::boxed::Box<WeaponT>> {
-    if let Self::Weapon(_) = self {
+        if let Self::Weapon(_) = self {
-      let v = ::core::mem::replace(self, Self::NONE);
+            let v = ::core::mem::replace(self, Self::NONE);
-      if let Self::Weapon(w) = v {
+            if let Self::Weapon(w) = v {
-        Some(w)
+                Some(w)
-      } else {
+            } else {
-        unreachable!()
+                unreachable!()
-      }
+            }
-    } else {
+        } else {
-      None
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// If the union variant matches, return a reference to the WeaponT.
+    pub fn as_weapon(&self) -> Option<&WeaponT> {
+        if let Self::Weapon(v) = self { Some(v.as_ref()) } else { None }
+    }
+
+    /// If the union variant matches, return a mutable reference to the WeaponT.
+    pub fn as_weapon_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut WeaponT> {
+        if let Self::Weapon(v) = self { Some(v.as_mut()) } else { None }
     }
-  }
-  /// If the union variant matches, return a reference to the WeaponT.
-  pub fn as_weapon(&self) -> Option<&WeaponT> {
-    if let Self::Weapon(v) = self { Some(v.as_ref()) } else { None }
-  }
-  /// If the union variant matches, return a mutable reference to the WeaponT.
-  pub fn as_weapon_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut WeaponT> {
-    if let Self::Weapon(v) = self { Some(v.as_mut()) } else { None }
-  }
 }
+

samples/rust_generated/my_game/sample/monster_generated.rs

@@ -2,212 +2,225 @@
 // @generated
 extern crate alloc;
 use super::*;
-pub enum MonsterOffset {}
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
 
+pub enum MonsterOffset {}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Monster<'a> {
-  pub _tab: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
+    pub _tab: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Monster<'a> {
-  type Inner = Monster<'a>;
+    type Inner = Monster<'a>;
-  #[inline]
+
-  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    #[inline]
-    Self { _tab: unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
+    unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
-  }
+        Self { _tab: unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> Monster<'a> {
-  pub const VT_POS: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
+    pub const VT_POS: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
-  pub const VT_MANA: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 6;
+    pub const VT_MANA: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 6;
-  pub const VT_HP: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 8;
+    pub const VT_HP: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 8;
-  pub const VT_NAME: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 10;
+    pub const VT_NAME: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 10;
-  pub const VT_INVENTORY: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 14;
+    pub const VT_INVENTORY: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 14;
-  pub const VT_COLOR: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 16;
+    pub const VT_COLOR: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 16;
-  pub const VT_WEAPONS: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 18;
+    pub const VT_WEAPONS: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 18;
-  pub const VT_EQUIPPED_TYPE: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 20;
+    pub const VT_EQUIPPED_TYPE: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 20;
-  pub const VT_EQUIPPED: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 22;
+    pub const VT_EQUIPPED: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 22;
-  pub const VT_PATH: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 24;
+    pub const VT_PATH: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 24;
 
-  pub const fn get_fully_qualified_name() -> &'static str {
+    pub const fn get_fully_qualified_name() -> &'static str {
-    "MyGame.Sample.Monster"
+        "MyGame.Sample.Monster"
-  }
-
-  #[inline]
-  pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
-    Monster { _tab: table }
-  }
-  #[allow(unused_mut)]
-  pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
-    _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
-    args: &'args MonsterArgs<'args>
-  ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Monster<'bldr>> {
-    let mut builder = MonsterBuilder::new(_fbb);
-    if let Some(x) = args.path { builder.add_path(x); }
-    if let Some(x) = args.equipped { builder.add_equipped(x); }
-    if let Some(x) = args.weapons { builder.add_weapons(x); }
-    if let Some(x) = args.inventory { builder.add_inventory(x); }
-    if let Some(x) = args.name { builder.add_name(x); }
-    if let Some(x) = args.pos { builder.add_pos(x); }
-    builder.add_hp(args.hp);
-    builder.add_mana(args.mana);
-    builder.add_equipped_type(args.equipped_type);
-    builder.add_color(args.color);
-    builder.finish()
-  }
-
-  pub fn unpack(&self) -> MonsterT {
-    let pos = self.pos().map(|x| {
-      x.unpack()
-    });
-    let mana = self.mana();
-    let hp = self.hp();
-    let name = self.name().map(|x| {
-      alloc::string::ToString::to_string(x)
-    });
-    let inventory = self.inventory().map(|x| {
-      x.into_iter().collect()
-    });
-    let color = self.color();
-    let weapons = self.weapons().map(|x| {
-      x.iter().map(|t| t.unpack()).collect()
-    });
-    let equipped = match self.equipped_type() {
-      Equipment::NONE => EquipmentT::NONE,
-      Equipment::Weapon => EquipmentT::Weapon(alloc::boxed::Box::new(
-        self.equipped_as_weapon()
-            .expect("Invalid union table, expected `Equipment::Weapon`.")
-            .unpack()
-      )),
-      _ => EquipmentT::NONE,
-    };
-    let path = self.path().map(|x| {
-      x.iter().map(|t| t.unpack()).collect()
-    });
-    MonsterT {
-      pos,
-      mana,
-      hp,
-      name,
-      inventory,
-      color,
-      weapons,
-      equipped,
-      path,
     }
-  }
 
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  pub fn pos(&self) -> Option<&'a Vec3> {
+    pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
-    // Safety:
+        Monster { _tab: table }
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<Vec3>(Monster::VT_POS, None)}
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn mana(&self) -> i16 {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<i16>(Monster::VT_MANA, Some(150)).unwrap()}
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn hp(&self) -> i16 {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<i16>(Monster::VT_HP, Some(100)).unwrap()}
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&'a str> {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<&str>>(Monster::VT_NAME, None)}
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn inventory(&self) -> Option<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, u8>> {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, u8>>>(Monster::VT_INVENTORY, None)}
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn color(&self) -> Color {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<Color>(Monster::VT_COLOR, Some(Color::Blue)).unwrap()}
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn weapons(&self) -> Option<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Weapon<'a>>>> {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Weapon>>>>(Monster::VT_WEAPONS, None)}
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn equipped_type(&self) -> Equipment {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<Equipment>(Monster::VT_EQUIPPED_TYPE, Some(Equipment::NONE)).unwrap()}
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn equipped(&self) -> Option<::flatbuffers::Table<'a>> {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Table<'a>>>(Monster::VT_EQUIPPED, None)}
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn path(&self) -> Option<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, Vec3>> {
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, Vec3>>>(Monster::VT_PATH, None)}
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-  pub fn equipped_as_weapon(&self) -> Option<Weapon<'a>> {
-    if self.equipped_type() == Equipment::Weapon {
-      self.equipped().map(|t| {
-       // Safety:
-       // Created from a valid Table for this object
-       // Which contains a valid union in this slot
-       unsafe { Weapon::init_from_table(t) }
-     })
-    } else {
-      None
     }
-  }
 
+    #[allow(unused_mut)]
+    pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
+        _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
+        args: &'args MonsterArgs<'args>
+    ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Monster<'bldr>> {
+        let mut builder = MonsterBuilder::new(_fbb);
+        if let Some(x) = args.path { builder.add_path(x); }
+        if let Some(x) = args.equipped { builder.add_equipped(x); }
+        if let Some(x) = args.weapons { builder.add_weapons(x); }
+        if let Some(x) = args.inventory { builder.add_inventory(x); }
+        if let Some(x) = args.name { builder.add_name(x); }
+        if let Some(x) = args.pos { builder.add_pos(x); }
+        builder.add_hp(args.hp);
+        builder.add_mana(args.mana);
+        builder.add_equipped_type(args.equipped_type);
+        builder.add_color(args.color);
+        builder.finish()
+    }
+
+    pub fn unpack(&self) -> MonsterT {
+        let pos = self.pos().map(|x| {
+            x.unpack()
+        });
+        let mana = self.mana();
+        let hp = self.hp();
+        let name = self.name().map(|x| {
+            alloc::string::ToString::to_string(x)
+        });
+        let inventory = self.inventory().map(|x| {
+            x.into_iter().collect()
+        });
+        let color = self.color();
+        let weapons = self.weapons().map(|x| {
+            x.iter().map(|t| t.unpack()).collect()
+        });
+        let equipped = match self.equipped_type() {
+            Equipment::NONE => EquipmentT::NONE,
+            Equipment::Weapon => EquipmentT::Weapon(alloc::boxed::Box::new(
+                self.equipped_as_weapon()
+                    .expect("Invalid union table, expected `Equipment::Weapon`.")
+                    .unpack()
+            )),
+            _ => EquipmentT::NONE,
+        };
+        let path = self.path().map(|x| {
+            x.iter().map(|t| t.unpack()).collect()
+        });
+        MonsterT {
+            pos,
+            mana,
+            hp,
+            name,
+            inventory,
+            color,
+            weapons,
+            equipped,
+            path,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn pos(&self) -> Option<&'a Vec3> {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from valid Table for this object
+        // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe { self._tab.get::<Vec3>(Monster::VT_POS, None)}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn mana(&self) -> i16 {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from valid Table for this object
+        // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe { self._tab.get::<i16>(Monster::VT_MANA, Some(150)).unwrap()}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn hp(&self) -> i16 {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from valid Table for this object
+        // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe { self._tab.get::<i16>(Monster::VT_HP, Some(100)).unwrap()}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from valid Table for this object
+        // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<&str>>(Monster::VT_NAME, None)}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn inventory(&self) -> Option<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, u8>> {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from valid Table for this object
+        // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, u8>>>(Monster::VT_INVENTORY, None)}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn color(&self) -> Color {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from valid Table for this object
+        // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe { self._tab.get::<Color>(Monster::VT_COLOR, Some(Color::Blue)).unwrap()}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn weapons(&self) -> Option<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Weapon<'a>>>> {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from valid Table for this object
+        // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Weapon>>>>(Monster::VT_WEAPONS, None)}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn equipped_type(&self) -> Equipment {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from valid Table for this object
+        // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe { self._tab.get::<Equipment>(Monster::VT_EQUIPPED_TYPE, Some(Equipment::NONE)).unwrap()}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn equipped(&self) -> Option<::flatbuffers::Table<'a>> {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from valid Table for this object
+        // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Table<'a>>>(Monster::VT_EQUIPPED, None)}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn path(&self) -> Option<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, Vec3>> {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from valid Table for this object
+        // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, Vec3>>>(Monster::VT_PATH, None)}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+    pub fn equipped_as_weapon(&self) -> Option<Weapon<'a>> {
+        if self.equipped_type() == Equipment::Weapon {
+            self.equipped().map(|t| {
+                // Safety:
+                // Created from a valid Table for this object
+                // Which contains a valid union in this slot
+                unsafe { Weapon::init_from_table(t) }
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for Monster<'_> {
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  fn run_verifier(
+    fn run_verifier(
-    v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+        v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
-  ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-    v.visit_table(pos)?
+        v.visit_table(pos)?
-     .visit_field::<Vec3>("pos", Self::VT_POS, false)?
+            .visit_field::<Vec3>("pos", Self::VT_POS, false)?
-     .visit_field::<i16>("mana", Self::VT_MANA, false)?
+            .visit_field::<i16>("mana", Self::VT_MANA, false)?
-     .visit_field::<i16>("hp", Self::VT_HP, false)?
+            .visit_field::<i16>("hp", Self::VT_HP, false)?
-     .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<&str>>("name", Self::VT_NAME, false)?
+            .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<&str>>("name", Self::VT_NAME, false)?
-     .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'_, u8>>>("inventory", Self::VT_INVENTORY, false)?
+            .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'_, u8>>>("inventory", Self::VT_INVENTORY, false)?
-     .visit_field::<Color>("color", Self::VT_COLOR, false)?
+            .visit_field::<Color>("color", Self::VT_COLOR, false)?
-     .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'_, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Weapon>>>>("weapons", Self::VT_WEAPONS, false)?
+            .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'_, ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Weapon>>>>("weapons", Self::VT_WEAPONS, false)?
-     .visit_union::<Equipment, _>("equipped_type", Self::VT_EQUIPPED_TYPE, "equipped", Self::VT_EQUIPPED, false, |key, v, pos| {
+            .visit_union::<Equipment, _>("equipped_type", Self::VT_EQUIPPED_TYPE, "equipped", Self::VT_EQUIPPED, false, |key, v, pos| {
-        match key {
+                match key {
-          Equipment::Weapon => v.verify_union_variant::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Weapon>>("Equipment::Weapon", pos),
+                    Equipment::Weapon => v.verify_union_variant::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Weapon>>("Equipment::Weapon", pos),
-          _ => Ok(()),
+                    _ => Ok(()),
-        }
+                }
-     })?
+            })?
-     .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'_, Vec3>>>("path", Self::VT_PATH, false)?
+            .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'_, Vec3>>>("path", Self::VT_PATH, false)?
-     .finish();
+            .finish();
-    Ok(())
+        Ok(())
-  }
+    }
 }
+
 pub struct MonsterArgs<'a> {
     pub pos: Option<&'a Vec3>,
     pub mana: i16,
@@ -220,246 +233,273 @@ pub struct MonsterArgs<'a> {
     pub equipped: Option<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::UnionWIPOffset>>,
     pub path: Option<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'a, Vec3>>>,
 }
+
 impl<'a> Default for MonsterArgs<'a> {
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  fn default() -> Self {
+    fn default() -> Self {
-    MonsterArgs {
+        MonsterArgs {
-      pos: None,
+            pos: None,
-      mana: 150,
+            mana: 150,
-      hp: 100,
+            hp: 100,
-      name: None,
+            name: None,
-      inventory: None,
+            inventory: None,
-      color: Color::Blue,
+            color: Color::Blue,
-      weapons: None,
+            weapons: None,
-      equipped_type: Equipment::NONE,
+            equipped_type: Equipment::NONE,
-      equipped: None,
+            equipped: None,
-      path: None,
+            path: None,
+        }
     }
-  }
 }
 
 pub struct MonsterBuilder<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> {
-  fbb_: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+    fbb_: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
-  start_: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
+    start_: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
 }
+
 impl<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> MonsterBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  pub fn add_pos(&mut self, pos: &Vec3) {
+    pub fn add_pos(&mut self, pos: &Vec3) {
-    self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<&Vec3>(Monster::VT_POS, pos);
+        self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<&Vec3>(Monster::VT_POS, pos);
-  }
+    }
-  #[inline]
+
-  pub fn add_mana(&mut self, mana: i16) {
+    #[inline]
-    self.fbb_.push_slot::<i16>(Monster::VT_MANA, mana, 150);
+    pub fn add_mana(&mut self, mana: i16) {
-  }
+        self.fbb_.push_slot::<i16>(Monster::VT_MANA, mana, 150);
-  #[inline]
+    }
-  pub fn add_hp(&mut self, hp: i16) {
+
-    self.fbb_.push_slot::<i16>(Monster::VT_HP, hp, 100);
+    #[inline]
-  }
+    pub fn add_hp(&mut self, hp: i16) {
-  #[inline]
+        self.fbb_.push_slot::<i16>(Monster::VT_HP, hp, 100);
-  pub fn add_name(&mut self, name: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<&'b  str>) {
+    }
-    self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Monster::VT_NAME, name);
+
-  }
+    #[inline]
-  #[inline]
+    pub fn add_name(&mut self, name: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<&'b  str>) {
-  pub fn add_inventory(&mut self, inventory: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'b , u8>>) {
+        self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Monster::VT_NAME, name);
-    self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Monster::VT_INVENTORY, inventory);
+    }
-  }
+
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  pub fn add_color(&mut self, color: Color) {
+    pub fn add_inventory(&mut self, inventory: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'b , u8>>) {
-    self.fbb_.push_slot::<Color>(Monster::VT_COLOR, color, Color::Blue);
+        self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Monster::VT_INVENTORY, inventory);
-  }
+    }
-  #[inline]
+
-  pub fn add_weapons(&mut self, weapons: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'b , ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Weapon<'b >>>>) {
+    #[inline]
-    self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Monster::VT_WEAPONS, weapons);
+    pub fn add_color(&mut self, color: Color) {
-  }
+        self.fbb_.push_slot::<Color>(Monster::VT_COLOR, color, Color::Blue);
-  #[inline]
+    }
-  pub fn add_equipped_type(&mut self, equipped_type: Equipment) {
+
-    self.fbb_.push_slot::<Equipment>(Monster::VT_EQUIPPED_TYPE, equipped_type, Equipment::NONE);
+    #[inline]
-  }
+    pub fn add_weapons(&mut self, weapons: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'b , ::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<Weapon<'b >>>>) {
-  #[inline]
+        self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Monster::VT_WEAPONS, weapons);
-  pub fn add_equipped(&mut self, equipped: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::UnionWIPOffset>) {
+    }
-    self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Monster::VT_EQUIPPED, equipped);
+
-  }
+    #[inline]
-  #[inline]
+    pub fn add_equipped_type(&mut self, equipped_type: Equipment) {
-  pub fn add_path(&mut self, path: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'b , Vec3>>) {
+        self.fbb_.push_slot::<Equipment>(Monster::VT_EQUIPPED_TYPE, equipped_type, Equipment::NONE);
-    self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Monster::VT_PATH, path);
+    }
-  }
+
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> MonsterBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+    pub fn add_equipped(&mut self, equipped: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::UnionWIPOffset>) {
-    let start = _fbb.start_table();
+        self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Monster::VT_EQUIPPED, equipped);
-    MonsterBuilder {
+    }
-      fbb_: _fbb,
+
-      start_: start,
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn add_path(&mut self, path: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::Vector<'b , Vec3>>) {
+        self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Monster::VT_PATH, path);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> MonsterBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+        let start = _fbb.start_table();
+        MonsterBuilder {
+            fbb_: _fbb,
+            start_: start,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn finish(self) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Monster<'a>> {
+        let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
+        ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
     }
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn finish(self) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Monster<'a>> {
-    let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
-    ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
-  }
 }
 
 impl ::core::fmt::Debug for Monster<'_> {
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
-    let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Monster");
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Monster");
-      ds.field("pos", &self.pos());
+        ds.field("pos", &self.pos());
-      ds.field("mana", &self.mana());
+        ds.field("mana", &self.mana());
-      ds.field("hp", &self.hp());
+        ds.field("hp", &self.hp());
-      ds.field("name", &self.name());
+        ds.field("name", &self.name());
-      ds.field("inventory", &self.inventory());
+        ds.field("inventory", &self.inventory());
-      ds.field("color", &self.color());
+        ds.field("color", &self.color());
-      ds.field("weapons", &self.weapons());
+        ds.field("weapons", &self.weapons());
-      ds.field("equipped_type", &self.equipped_type());
+        ds.field("equipped_type", &self.equipped_type());
-      match self.equipped_type() {
+        match self.equipped_type() {
-        Equipment::Weapon => {
+            Equipment::Weapon => {
-          if let Some(x) = self.equipped_as_weapon() {
+                if let Some(x) = self.equipped_as_weapon() {
-            ds.field("equipped", &x)
+                    ds.field("equipped", &x)
-          } else {
+                } else {
-            ds.field("equipped", &"InvalidFlatbuffer: Union discriminant does not match value.")
+                    ds.field("equipped", &"InvalidFlatbuffer: Union discriminant does not match value.")
-          }
+                }
-        },
+            },
-        _ => {
+            _ => {
-          let x: Option<()> = None;
+                let x: Option<()> = None;
-          ds.field("equipped", &x)
+                ds.field("equipped", &x)
-        },
+            },
-      };
+        };
-      ds.field("path", &self.path());
+        ds.field("path", &self.path());
-      ds.finish()
+        ds.finish()
-  }
+    }
 }
+
 #[non_exhaustive]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct MonsterT {
-  pub pos: Option<Vec3T>,
+    pub pos: Option<Vec3T>,
-  pub mana: i16,
+    pub mana: i16,
-  pub hp: i16,
+    pub hp: i16,
-  pub name: Option<alloc::string::String>,
+    pub name: Option<alloc::string::String>,
-  pub inventory: Option<alloc::vec::Vec<u8>>,
+    pub inventory: Option<alloc::vec::Vec<u8>>,
-  pub color: Color,
+    pub color: Color,
-  pub weapons: Option<alloc::vec::Vec<WeaponT>>,
+    pub weapons: Option<alloc::vec::Vec<WeaponT>>,
-  pub equipped: EquipmentT,
+    pub equipped: EquipmentT,
-  pub path: Option<alloc::vec::Vec<Vec3T>>,
+    pub path: Option<alloc::vec::Vec<Vec3T>>,
 }
+
 impl Default for MonsterT {
-  fn default() -> Self {
+    fn default() -> Self {
-    Self {
+        Self {
-      pos: None,
+            pos: None,
-      mana: 150,
+            mana: 150,
-      hp: 100,
+            hp: 100,
-      name: None,
+            name: None,
-      inventory: None,
+            inventory: None,
-      color: Color::Blue,
+            color: Color::Blue,
-      weapons: None,
+            weapons: None,
-      equipped: EquipmentT::NONE,
+            equipped: EquipmentT::NONE,
-      path: None,
+            path: None,
+        }
     }
-  }
 }
+
 impl MonsterT {
-  pub fn pack<'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'b>(
+    pub fn pack<'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'b>(
-    &self,
+        &self,
-    _fbb: &mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'b, A>
+        _fbb: &mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'b, A>
-  ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Monster<'b>> {
+    ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Monster<'b>> {
-    let pos_tmp = self.pos.as_ref().map(|x| x.pack());
+        let pos_tmp = self.pos.as_ref().map(|x| x.pack());
-    let pos = pos_tmp.as_ref();
+        let pos = pos_tmp.as_ref();
-    let mana = self.mana;
+        let mana = self.mana;
-    let hp = self.hp;
+        let hp = self.hp;
-    let name = self.name.as_ref().map(|x|{
+        let name = self.name.as_ref().map(|x|{
-      _fbb.create_string(x)
+            _fbb.create_string(x)
-    });
+        });
-    let inventory = self.inventory.as_ref().map(|x|{
+        let inventory = self.inventory.as_ref().map(|x|{
-      _fbb.create_vector(x)
+            _fbb.create_vector(x)
-    });
+        });
-    let color = self.color;
+        let color = self.color;
-    let weapons = self.weapons.as_ref().map(|x|{
+        let weapons = self.weapons.as_ref().map(|x|{
-      let w: alloc::vec::Vec<_> = x.iter().map(|t| t.pack(_fbb)).collect();_fbb.create_vector(&w)
+            let w: alloc::vec::Vec<_> = x.iter().map(|t| t.pack(_fbb)).collect();_fbb.create_vector(&w)
-    });
+        });
-    let equipped_type = self.equipped.equipment_type();
+        let equipped_type = self.equipped.equipment_type();
-    let equipped = self.equipped.pack(_fbb);
+        let equipped = self.equipped.pack(_fbb);
-    let path = self.path.as_ref().map(|x|{
+        let path = self.path.as_ref().map(|x|{
-      let w: alloc::vec::Vec<_> = x.iter().map(|t| t.pack()).collect();_fbb.create_vector(&w)
+            let w: alloc::vec::Vec<_> = x.iter().map(|t| t.pack()).collect();_fbb.create_vector(&w)
-    });
+        });
-    Monster::create(_fbb, &MonsterArgs{
+        Monster::create(_fbb, &MonsterArgs{
-      pos,
+            pos,
-      mana,
+            mana,
-      hp,
+            hp,
-      name,
+            name,
-      inventory,
+            inventory,
-      color,
+            color,
-      weapons,
+            weapons,
-      equipped_type,
+            equipped_type,
-      equipped,
+            equipped,
-      path,
+            path,
-    })
+        })
-  }
+    }
 }
-#[inline]
+
 /// Verifies that a buffer of bytes contains a `Monster`
 /// and returns it.
 /// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
 /// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
 /// previous, unchecked, behavior use
 /// `root_as_monster_unchecked`.
-pub fn root_as_monster(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Monster<'_>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  ::flatbuffers::root::<Monster>(buf)
-}
 #[inline]
+pub fn root_as_monster(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Monster<'_>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    ::flatbuffers::root::<Monster>(buf)
+}
+
 /// Verifies that a buffer of bytes contains a size prefixed
 /// `Monster` and returns it.
 /// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
 /// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
 /// previous, unchecked, behavior use
 /// `size_prefixed_root_as_monster_unchecked`.
-pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_monster(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Monster<'_>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root::<Monster>(buf)
-}
 #[inline]
+pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_monster(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Monster<'_>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root::<Monster>(buf)
+}
+
 /// Verifies, with the given options, that a buffer of bytes
 /// contains a `Monster` and returns it.
 /// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
 /// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
 /// previous, unchecked, behavior use
 /// `root_as_monster_unchecked`.
-pub fn root_as_monster_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
-  opts: &'o ::flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
-  buf: &'b [u8],
-) -> Result<Monster<'b>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  ::flatbuffers::root_with_opts::<Monster<'b>>(opts, buf)
-}
 #[inline]
+pub fn root_as_monster_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
+    opts: &'o ::flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
+    buf: &'b [u8],
+) -> Result<Monster<'b>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    ::flatbuffers::root_with_opts::<Monster<'b>>(opts, buf)
+}
+
 /// Verifies, with the given verifier options, that a buffer of
 /// bytes contains a size prefixed `Monster` and returns
 /// it. Note that verification is still experimental and may not
 /// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
 /// previous, unchecked, behavior use
 /// `root_as_monster_unchecked`.
-pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_monster_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
-  opts: &'o ::flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
-  buf: &'b [u8],
-) -> Result<Monster<'b>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-  ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_with_opts::<Monster<'b>>(opts, buf)
-}
 #[inline]
+pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_monster_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
+    opts: &'o ::flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
+    buf: &'b [u8],
+) -> Result<Monster<'b>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_with_opts::<Monster<'b>>(opts, buf)
+}
+
 /// Assumes, without verification, that a buffer of bytes contains a Monster and returns it.
 /// # Safety
 /// Callers must trust the given bytes do indeed contain a valid `Monster`.
-pub unsafe fn root_as_monster_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> Monster<'_> {
-  unsafe { ::flatbuffers::root_unchecked::<Monster>(buf) }
-}
 #[inline]
+pub unsafe fn root_as_monster_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> Monster<'_> {
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::root_unchecked::<Monster>(buf) }
+}
+
 /// Assumes, without verification, that a buffer of bytes contains a size prefixed Monster and returns it.
 /// # Safety
 /// Callers must trust the given bytes do indeed contain a valid size prefixed `Monster`.
-pub unsafe fn size_prefixed_root_as_monster_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> Monster<'_> {
-  unsafe { ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_unchecked::<Monster>(buf) }
-}
 #[inline]
-pub fn finish_monster_buffer<'a, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(
+pub unsafe fn size_prefixed_root_as_monster_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> Monster<'_> {
-    fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_unchecked::<Monster>(buf) }
-    root: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Monster<'a>>) {
-  fbb.finish(root, None);
 }
 
 #[inline]
-pub fn finish_size_prefixed_monster_buffer<'a, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>, root: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Monster<'a>>) {
+pub fn finish_monster_buffer<'a, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(
-  fbb.finish_size_prefixed(root, None);
+    fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+    root: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Monster<'a>>
+) {
+    fbb.finish(root, None);
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn finish_size_prefixed_monster_buffer<'a, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(
+    fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+    root: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Monster<'a>>
+) {
+    fbb.finish_size_prefixed(root, None);
 }

samples/rust_generated/my_game/sample/vec_3_generated.rs

@@ -2,47 +2,57 @@
 // @generated
 extern crate alloc;
 use super::*;
+
 // struct Vec3, aligned to 4
 #[repr(transparent)]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Vec3(pub [u8; 12]);
-impl Default for Vec3 { 
+
-  fn default() -> Self { 
+impl Default for Vec3 {
-    Self([0; 12])
+    fn default() -> Self {
-  }
+        Self([0; 12])
+    }
 }
+
 impl ::core::fmt::Debug for Vec3 {
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
-    f.debug_struct("Vec3")
+        f.debug_struct("Vec3")
-      .field("x", &self.x())
+            .field("x", &self.x())
-      .field("y", &self.y())
+            .field("y", &self.y())
-      .field("z", &self.z())
+            .field("z", &self.z())
-      .finish()
+            .finish()
-  }
+    }
 }
 
 impl ::flatbuffers::SimpleToVerifyInSlice for Vec3 {}
+
 impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Vec3 {
-  type Inner = &'a Vec3;
+    type Inner = &'a Vec3;
-  #[inline]
+
-  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    #[inline]
-    unsafe { <&'a Vec3>::follow(buf, loc) }
+    unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
-  }
+        unsafe { <&'a Vec3>::follow(buf, loc) }
+    }
 }
+
 impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for &'a Vec3 {
-  type Inner = &'a Vec3;
+    type Inner = &'a Vec3;
-  #[inline]
+
-  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    #[inline]
-    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::follow_cast_ref::<Vec3>(buf, loc) }
+    unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
-  }
+        unsafe { ::flatbuffers::follow_cast_ref::<Vec3>(buf, loc) }
+    }
 }
+
 impl<'b> ::flatbuffers::Push for Vec3 {
     type Output = Vec3;
+
     #[inline]
     unsafe fn push(&self, dst: &mut [u8], _written_len: usize) {
         let src = unsafe { ::core::slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Vec3 as *const u8, <Self as ::flatbuffers::Push>::size()) };
         dst.copy_from_slice(src);
     }
+
     #[inline]
     fn alignment() -> ::flatbuffers::PushAlignment {
         ::flatbuffers::PushAlignment::new(4)
@@ -50,141 +60,150 @@ impl<'b> ::flatbuffers::Push for Vec3 {
 }
 
 impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for Vec3 {
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  fn run_verifier(
+    fn run_verifier(
-    v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+        v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
-  ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-    v.in_buffer::<Self>(pos)
+        v.in_buffer::<Self>(pos)
-  }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> Vec3 {
-  #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-  pub fn new(
+    pub fn new(
-    x: f32,
+        x: f32,
-    y: f32,
+        y: f32,
-    z: f32,
+        z: f32,
-  ) -> Self {
+    ) -> Self {
-    let mut s = Self([0; 12]);
+        let mut s = Self([0; 12]);
-    s.set_x(x);
+        s.set_x(x);
-    s.set_y(y);
+        s.set_y(y);
-    s.set_z(z);
+        s.set_z(z);
-    s
+        s
-  }
-
-  pub const fn get_fully_qualified_name() -> &'static str {
-    "MyGame.Sample.Vec3"
-  }
-
-  pub fn x(&self) -> f32 {
-    let mut mem = ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>::uninit();
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from a valid Table for this object
-    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
-    ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::from_little_endian(unsafe {
-      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
-        self.0[0..].as_ptr(),
-        mem.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
-        ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
-      );
-      mem.assume_init()
-    })
-  }
-
-  pub fn set_x(&mut self, x: f32) {
-    let x_le = ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::to_little_endian(x);
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from a valid Table for this object
-    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe {
-      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
-        &x_le as *const _ as *const u8,
-        self.0[0..].as_mut_ptr(),
-        ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
-      );
     }
-  }
 
-  pub fn y(&self) -> f32 {
+    pub const fn get_fully_qualified_name() -> &'static str {
-    let mut mem = ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>::uninit();
+        "MyGame.Sample.Vec3"
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from a valid Table for this object
-    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
-    ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::from_little_endian(unsafe {
-      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
-        self.0[4..].as_ptr(),
-        mem.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
-        ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
-      );
-      mem.assume_init()
-    })
-  }
-
-  pub fn set_y(&mut self, x: f32) {
-    let x_le = ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::to_little_endian(x);
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from a valid Table for this object
-    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe {
-      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
-        &x_le as *const _ as *const u8,
-        self.0[4..].as_mut_ptr(),
-        ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
-      );
     }
-  }
 
-  pub fn z(&self) -> f32 {
+    pub fn x(&self) -> f32 {
-    let mut mem = ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>::uninit();
+        let mut mem = ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>::uninit();
-    // Safety:
+        // Safety:
-    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
-    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+        // Which contains a valid value in this slot
-    ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::from_little_endian(unsafe {
+        ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::from_little_endian(unsafe {
-      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+            ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
-        self.0[8..].as_ptr(),
+                self.0[0..].as_ptr(),
-        mem.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
+                mem.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
-        ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+                ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
-      );
+            );
-      mem.assume_init()
+            mem.assume_init()
-    })
+        })
-  }
-
-  pub fn set_z(&mut self, x: f32) {
-    let x_le = ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::to_little_endian(x);
-    // Safety:
-    // Created from a valid Table for this object
-    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
-    unsafe {
-      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
-        &x_le as *const _ as *const u8,
-        self.0[8..].as_mut_ptr(),
-        ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
-      );
     }
-  }
 
-  pub fn unpack(&self) -> Vec3T {
+    pub fn set_x(&mut self, x: f32) {
-    Vec3T {
+        let x_le = ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::to_little_endian(x);
-      x: self.x(),
+        // Safety:
-      y: self.y(),
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
-      z: self.z(),
+        // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe {
+            ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                &x_le as *const _ as *const u8,
+                self.0[0..].as_mut_ptr(),
+                ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn y(&self) -> f32 {
+        let mut mem = ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>::uninit();
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+        ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::from_little_endian(unsafe {
+            ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                self.0[4..].as_ptr(),
+                mem.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
+                ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+            );
+            mem.assume_init()
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_y(&mut self, x: f32) {
+        let x_le = ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::to_little_endian(x);
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe {
+            ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                &x_le as *const _ as *const u8,
+                self.0[4..].as_mut_ptr(),
+                ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn z(&self) -> f32 {
+        let mut mem = ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>::uninit();
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+        ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::from_little_endian(unsafe {
+            ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                self.0[8..].as_ptr(),
+                mem.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
+                ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+            );
+            mem.assume_init()
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_z(&mut self, x: f32) {
+        let x_le = ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::to_little_endian(x);
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe {
+            ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                &x_le as *const _ as *const u8,
+                self.0[8..].as_mut_ptr(),
+                ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn unpack(&self) -> Vec3T {
+        Vec3T {
+            x: self.x(),
+            y: self.y(),
+            z: self.z(),
+        }
     }
-  }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Vec3T {
-  pub x: f32,
+    pub x: f32,
-  pub y: f32,
+    pub y: f32,
-  pub z: f32,
+    pub z: f32,
 }
-impl Vec3T {
+impl Default for Vec3T {
-  pub fn pack(&self) -> Vec3 {
+    fn default() -> Self {
-    Vec3::new(
+        Self {
-      self.x,
+            x: 0.0,
-      self.y,
+            y: 0.0,
-      self.z,
+            z: 0.0,
-    )
+        }
-  }
+    }
 }
 
+impl Vec3T {
+    pub fn pack(&self) -> Vec3 {
+        Vec3::new(
+            self.x,
+            self.y,
+            self.z,
+        )
+    }
+}

samples/rust_generated/my_game/sample/weapon_generated.rs

@@ -2,159 +2,172 @@
 // @generated
 extern crate alloc;
 use super::*;
-pub enum WeaponOffset {}
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
 
+pub enum WeaponOffset {}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Weapon<'a> {
-  pub _tab: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
+    pub _tab: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for Weapon<'a> {
-  type Inner = Weapon<'a>;
+    type Inner = Weapon<'a>;
-  #[inline]
+
-  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    #[inline]
-    Self { _tab: unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
+    unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
-  }
+        Self { _tab: unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> Weapon<'a> {
-  pub const VT_NAME: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
+    pub const VT_NAME: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
-  pub const VT_DAMAGE: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 6;
+    pub const VT_DAMAGE: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 6;
 
-  pub const fn get_fully_qualified_name() -> &'static str {
+    pub const fn get_fully_qualified_name() -> &'static str {
-    "MyGame.Sample.Weapon"
+        "MyGame.Sample.Weapon"
-  }
-
-  #[inline]
-  pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
-    Weapon { _tab: table }
-  }
-  #[allow(unused_mut)]
-  pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
-    _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
-    args: &'args WeaponArgs<'args>
-  ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Weapon<'bldr>> {
-    let mut builder = WeaponBuilder::new(_fbb);
-    if let Some(x) = args.name { builder.add_name(x); }
-    builder.add_damage(args.damage);
-    builder.finish()
-  }
-
-  pub fn unpack(&self) -> WeaponT {
-    let name = self.name().map(|x| {
-      alloc::string::ToString::to_string(x)
-    });
-    let damage = self.damage();
-    WeaponT {
-      name,
-      damage,
     }
-  }
 
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+    pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
-    // Safety:
+        Weapon { _tab: table }
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
+    }
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
+
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<&str>>(Weapon::VT_NAME, None)}
+    #[allow(unused_mut)]
-  }
+    pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
-  #[inline]
+        _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
-  pub fn damage(&self) -> i16 {
+        args: &'args WeaponArgs<'args>
-    // Safety:
+    ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Weapon<'bldr>> {
-    // Created from valid Table for this object
+        let mut builder = WeaponBuilder::new(_fbb);
-    // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        if let Some(x) = args.name { builder.add_name(x); }
-    unsafe { self._tab.get::<i16>(Weapon::VT_DAMAGE, Some(0)).unwrap()}
+        builder.add_damage(args.damage);
-  }
+        builder.finish()
+    }
+
+    pub fn unpack(&self) -> WeaponT {
+        let name = self.name().map(|x| {
+            alloc::string::ToString::to_string(x)
+        });
+        let damage = self.damage();
+        WeaponT {
+            name,
+            damage,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&'a str> {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from valid Table for this object
+        // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe { self._tab.get::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<&str>>(Weapon::VT_NAME, None)}
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn damage(&self) -> i16 {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from valid Table for this object
+        // which contains a valid value in this slot
+        unsafe { self._tab.get::<i16>(Weapon::VT_DAMAGE, Some(0)).unwrap()}
+    }
 }
 
 impl ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for Weapon<'_> {
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  fn run_verifier(
+    fn run_verifier(
-    v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+        v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
-  ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
-    v.visit_table(pos)?
+        v.visit_table(pos)?
-     .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<&str>>("name", Self::VT_NAME, false)?
+            .visit_field::<::flatbuffers::ForwardsUOffset<&str>>("name", Self::VT_NAME, false)?
-     .visit_field::<i16>("damage", Self::VT_DAMAGE, false)?
+            .visit_field::<i16>("damage", Self::VT_DAMAGE, false)?
-     .finish();
+            .finish();
-    Ok(())
+        Ok(())
-  }
+    }
 }
+
 pub struct WeaponArgs<'a> {
     pub name: Option<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<&'a str>>,
     pub damage: i16,
 }
+
 impl<'a> Default for WeaponArgs<'a> {
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  fn default() -> Self {
+    fn default() -> Self {
-    WeaponArgs {
+        WeaponArgs {
-      name: None,
+            name: None,
-      damage: 0,
+            damage: 0,
+        }
     }
-  }
 }
 
 pub struct WeaponBuilder<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> {
-  fbb_: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+    fbb_: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
-  start_: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
+    start_: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
 }
+
 impl<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> WeaponBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
-  #[inline]
+    #[inline]
-  pub fn add_name(&mut self, name: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<&'b  str>) {
+    pub fn add_name(&mut self, name: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<&'b  str>) {
-    self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Weapon::VT_NAME, name);
+        self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<_>>(Weapon::VT_NAME, name);
-  }
+    }
-  #[inline]
+
-  pub fn add_damage(&mut self, damage: i16) {
+    #[inline]
-    self.fbb_.push_slot::<i16>(Weapon::VT_DAMAGE, damage, 0);
+    pub fn add_damage(&mut self, damage: i16) {
-  }
+        self.fbb_.push_slot::<i16>(Weapon::VT_DAMAGE, damage, 0);
-  #[inline]
+    }
-  pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> WeaponBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+
-    let start = _fbb.start_table();
+    #[inline]
-    WeaponBuilder {
+    pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> WeaponBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
-      fbb_: _fbb,
+        let start = _fbb.start_table();
-      start_: start,
+        WeaponBuilder {
+            fbb_: _fbb,
+            start_: start,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn finish(self) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Weapon<'a>> {
+        let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
+        ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
     }
-  }
-  #[inline]
-  pub fn finish(self) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Weapon<'a>> {
-    let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
-    ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
-  }
 }
 
 impl ::core::fmt::Debug for Weapon<'_> {
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
-    let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Weapon");
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("Weapon");
-      ds.field("name", &self.name());
+        ds.field("name", &self.name());
-      ds.field("damage", &self.damage());
+        ds.field("damage", &self.damage());
-      ds.finish()
+        ds.finish()
-  }
+    }
 }
+
 #[non_exhaustive]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct WeaponT {
-  pub name: Option<alloc::string::String>,
+    pub name: Option<alloc::string::String>,
-  pub damage: i16,
+    pub damage: i16,
 }
+
 impl Default for WeaponT {
-  fn default() -> Self {
+    fn default() -> Self {
-    Self {
+        Self {
-      name: None,
+            name: None,
-      damage: 0,
+            damage: 0,
+        }
     }
-  }
 }
+
 impl WeaponT {
-  pub fn pack<'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'b>(
+    pub fn pack<'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'b>(
-    &self,
+        &self,
-    _fbb: &mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'b, A>
+        _fbb: &mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'b, A>
-  ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Weapon<'b>> {
+    ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<Weapon<'b>> {
-    let name = self.name.as_ref().map(|x|{
+        let name = self.name.as_ref().map(|x|{
-      _fbb.create_string(x)
+            _fbb.create_string(x)
-    });
+        });
-    let damage = self.damage;
+        let damage = self.damage;
-    Weapon::create(_fbb, &WeaponArgs{
+        Weapon::create(_fbb, &WeaponArgs{
-      name,
+            name,
-      damage,
+            damage,
-    })
+        })
-  }
+    }
 }

scripts/check_generate_code.py

@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ result = subprocess.run(
 if result.returncode != 0:
   print(
       "\n"
-      "ERROR: *********************************************************\n"
+      "ERROR: **********************************************************\n"
-      "ERROR: * The following differences were found after building.  *\n"
+      "ERROR: * The following differences were found after building.   *\n"
-      "ERROR: * Perhaps there is a difference in the flags for the.   *\n"
+      "ERROR: * Perhaps there is a difference in the flags for the.    *\n"
-      "ERROR: * CMakeLists.txt vs the script/generate_code.py script? *\n"
+      "ERROR: * CMakeLists.txt vs the scripts/generate_code.py script? *\n"
-      "ERROR: *********************************************************\n"
+      "ERROR: **********************************************************\n"
   )
   subprocess.run(["git", "diff", "--binary", "--exit-code"], cwd=root_path)
   sys.exit(result.returncode)
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@ result = subprocess.run(
 if result.returncode != 0:
   print(
       "\n"
-      "ERROR: ********************************************************\n"
+      "ERROR: *********************************************************\n"
-      "ERROR: * The following differences were found after running   *\n"
+      "ERROR: * The following differences were found after running    *\n"
-      "ERROR: * the script/generate_code.py script. Maybe you forgot *\n"
+      "ERROR: * the scripts/generate_code.py script. Maybe you forgot *\n"
-      "ERROR: * to run it after making changes in a generator?       *\n"
+      "ERROR: * to run it after making changes in a generator?        *\n"
-      "ERROR: ********************************************************\n"
+      "ERROR: *********************************************************\n"
   )
   subprocess.run(["git", "diff", "--binary", "--exit-code"], cwd=root_path)
   sys.exit(result.returncode)

scripts/generate_code.py

@@ -85,6 +85,11 @@ RUST_OPTS = BASE_OPTS + [
     "--gen-name-strings",
     "--rust-module-root-file",
 ]
+RUST_STANDALONE_OPTS = BASE_OPTS + [
+    "--rust",
+    "--gen-all",
+    "--gen-name-strings",
+]
 RUST_SERIALIZE_OPTS = BASE_OPTS + [
     "--rust",
     "--gen-all",
@@ -288,6 +293,12 @@ flatc(
     schema="include_test/include_test1.fbs",
 )
 
+flatc(
+    RUST_STANDALONE_OPTS,
+    include="include_test",
+    schema="include_test/include_test1.fbs",
+)
+
 flatc(
     RUST_OPTS,
     prefix="include_test2",
@@ -295,6 +306,12 @@ flatc(
     schema="include_test/sub/include_test2.fbs",
 )
 
+flatc(
+    RUST_STANDALONE_OPTS,
+    include="include_test",
+    schema="include_test/sub/include_test2.fbs",
+)
+
 flatc(
     BINARY_OPTS + ["--bfbs-filenames", str(tests_path)],
     include="include_test",
@@ -377,6 +394,11 @@ flatc(
     schema="native_inline_table_test.fbs",
 )
 
+flatc(
+    ["--cpp", "--gen-compare", "--gen-mutable", "--gen-object-api", "--reflect-names"],
+    schema="cross_namespace_pack_test.fbs",
+)
+
 flatc(
     RUST_OPTS,
     prefix="arrays_test",
@@ -400,6 +422,11 @@ flatc(
     schema="nested_union_test.fbs",
 )
 
+flatc(
+    ["--python", "--gen-object-api"],
+    schema="union_name_test.fbs",
+)
+
 flatc(
     NO_INCL_OPTS + CPP_OPTS,
     schema="default_vectors_strings_test.fbs",
@@ -500,6 +527,13 @@ flatc(
     cwd=swift_code_gen,
 )
 
+flatc(
+    SWIFT_OPTS_CODE_GEN + BASE_OPTS,
+    schema="empty_vtable.fbs",
+    cwd=swift_code_gen,
+    prefix="../../Tests/Flatbuffers/",
+)
+
 # Swift Wasm Tests
 swift_Wasm_prefix = "swift/Wasm.tests/Tests/FlatBuffers.Test.Swift.WasmTests"
 flatc(

scripts/generate_grpc_examples.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from util import flatc, root_path
 grpc_examples_path = Path(root_path, "grpc/examples")
 
 greeter_schema = str(Path(grpc_examples_path, "greeter.fbs"))
+greeter_schema_v2 = str(Path(grpc_examples_path, "greeter_v2.fbs"))
 
 COMMON_ARGS = [
     "--grpc",
@@ -54,8 +55,8 @@ def GenerateGRPCExamples():
           "--swift",
           "--gen-json-emit",
       ],
-      schema=greeter_schema,
+      schema=greeter_schema_v2,
-      cwd=Path(grpc_examples_path, "swift/Greeter/Sources/Model"),
+      cwd=Path(grpc_examples_path, "swift/Greeter/Sources/Models"),
   )
 
   flatc(

src/bfbs_gen_lua.cpp

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ Namer::Config LuaDefaultConfig() {
           /*object_suffix=*/"",
           /*keyword_prefix=*/"",
           /*keyword_suffix=*/"_",
+          /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
           /*filenames=*/Case::kKeep,
           /*directories=*/Case::kKeep,
           /*output_path=*/"",
@@ -194,6 +195,13 @@ class LuaBfbsGenerator : public BaseBfbsGenerator {
       code += "\n";
 
       if (object == root_object) {
+        // emit file identifier if present
+        const auto ident = schema_->file_ident();
+        if (ident && ident->size() == 4) {
+          code += "local FileIdentifier = \"" + ident->str() + "\"\n";
+          code += "\n";
+        }
+
         code += "function " + object_name + ".GetRootAs" + object_name +
                 "(buf, offset)\n";
         code += "  if type(buf) == \"string\" then\n";
@@ -454,6 +462,34 @@ class LuaBfbsGenerator : public BaseBfbsGenerator {
         code += "  return builder:EndObject()\n";
         code += "end\n";
         code += "\n";
+
+        if (object == root_object) {
+          code += "function " + object_name + ".Finish" + object_name +
+                  "Buffer(builder, offset)\n";
+          // emit file identifier if present
+          const auto ident = schema_->file_ident();
+          if (ident && ident->size() == 4) {
+            code += "  builder:FinishWithIdentifier(offset, FileIdentifier)\n";
+          } else {
+            code += "  builder:Finish(offset)\n";
+          }
+          code += "end\n";
+          code += "\n";
+
+          // size prefixed option
+          code += "function " + object_name + ".FinishSizePrefixed" +
+                  object_name + "Buffer(builder, offset)\n";
+          // emit file identifier if present
+          if (ident && ident->size() == 4) {
+            code +=
+                "  builder:FinishSizePrefixedWithIdentifier(offset, "
+                "FileIdentifier)\n";
+          } else {
+            code += "  builder:FinishSizePrefixed(offset)\n";
+          }
+          code += "end\n";
+          code += "\n";
+        }
       }
 
       EmitCodeBlock(code, object_name, ns, object->declaration_file()->str());

src/bfbs_gen_nim.cpp

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ Namer::Config NimDefaultConfig() {
           /*object_suffix=*/"T",
           /*keyword_prefix=*/"",
           /*keyword_suffix=*/"_",
+          /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
           /*filenames=*/Case::kKeep,
           /*directories=*/Case::kKeep,
           /*output_path=*/"",

src/binary_annotator.cpp

@@ -126,9 +126,7 @@ static BinarySection GenerateMissingSection(const uint64_t offset,
 std::map<uint64_t, BinarySection> BinaryAnnotator::Annotate() {
   if (bfbs_ != nullptr && bfbs_length_ != 0) {
     flatbuffers::Verifier verifier(bfbs_, static_cast<size_t>(bfbs_length_));
-    if ((is_size_prefixed_ &&
+    if (!reflection::VerifySchemaBuffer(verifier)) {
-         !reflection::VerifySizePrefixedSchemaBuffer(verifier)) ||
-        !reflection::VerifySchemaBuffer(verifier)) {
       return {};
     }
   }

src/flatc.cpp

@@ -265,6 +265,9 @@ const static FlatCOption flatc_options[] = {
     {"", "python-gen-numpy", "", "Whether to generate numpy helpers."},
     {"", "ts-omit-entrypoint", "",
      "Omit emission of namespace entrypoint file"},
+    {"", "ts-undefined-for-optionals", "",
+     "Whether to generate undefined values instead of null values for missing "
+     "optional keys"},
     {"", "file-names-only", "",
      "Print out generated file names without writing to the files"},
     {"", "grpc-filename-suffix", "SUFFIX",
@@ -710,6 +713,8 @@ FlatCOptions FlatCompiler::ParseFromCommandLineArguments(int argc,
         opts.python_gen_numpy = false;
       } else if (arg == "--ts-omit-entrypoint") {
         opts.ts_omit_entrypoint = true;
+      } else if (arg == "--ts-undefined-for-optionals") {
+        opts.ts_undefined_for_optionals = true;
       } else if (arg == "--annotate-sparse-vectors") {
         options.annotate_include_vector_contents = false;
       } else if (arg == "--annotate") {
@@ -922,6 +927,9 @@ std::unique_ptr<Parser> FlatCompiler::GenerateCode(const FlatCOptions& options,
         auto err = parser->ConformTo(conform_parser);
         if (!err.empty()) Error("schemas don\'t conform: " + err, false);
       }
+      if (parser->HasCircularStructDependency()) {
+        Error("schema has circular struct dependencies: " + filename, false);
+      }
       if (options.schema_binary || opts.binary_schema_gen_embed) {
         parser->Serialize();
       }

src/idl_gen_cpp.cpp

@@ -2685,14 +2685,18 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     code_ += "  }";
   }
 
-  void GenTableUnionAsGetters(const FieldDef& field) {
+  void GenTableUnionAsGetters(const FieldDef& field, bool is_mutable) {
     const auto& type = field.value.type;
     auto u = type.enum_def;
 
+    code_.SetValue("MUTABLE_EXT", is_mutable ? "" : " const");
+    code_.SetValue("MUTABLE", is_mutable ? "mutable_" : "");
+
     if (!type.enum_def->uses_multiple_type_instances)
       code_ +=
-          "  template<typename T> "
+          "  template<typename T>"
-          "const T *{{NULLABLE_EXT}}{{FIELD_NAME}}_as() const;";
+          "{{MUTABLE_EXT}} T *{{MUTABLE}}{{NULLABLE_EXT}}{{FIELD_NAME}}_as()"
+          "{{MUTABLE_EXT}};";
 
     for (auto u_it = u->Vals().begin(); u_it != u->Vals().end(); ++u_it) {
       auto& ev = **u_it;
@@ -2706,15 +2710,19 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
                      EscapeKeyword(Name(field) + UnionTypeFieldSuffix()));
       code_.SetValue("U_ELEMENT_TYPE", WrapInNameSpace(u->defined_namespace,
                                                        GetEnumValUse(*u, ev)));
-      code_.SetValue("U_FIELD_TYPE", "const " + full_struct_name + " *");
+      code_.SetValue("U_FIELD_TYPE",
+                     (is_mutable ? "" : "const ") + full_struct_name + " *");
       code_.SetValue("U_FIELD_NAME", Name(field) + "_as_" + Name(ev));
       code_.SetValue("U_NULLABLE", NullableExtension());
 
       // `const Type *union_name_asType() const` accessor.
-      code_ += "  {{U_FIELD_TYPE}}{{U_NULLABLE}}{{U_FIELD_NAME}}() const {";
+      // and `Type *mutable_union_name_asType()` accessor.
+      code_ +=
+          "  {{U_FIELD_TYPE}}{{U_NULLABLE}}{{MUTABLE}}{{U_FIELD_NAME}}()"
+          "{{MUTABLE_EXT}} {";
       code_ +=
           "    return {{U_GET_TYPE}}() == {{U_ELEMENT_TYPE}} ? "
-          "static_cast<{{U_FIELD_TYPE}}>({{FIELD_NAME}}()) "
+          "static_cast<{{U_FIELD_TYPE}}>({{MUTABLE}}{{FIELD_NAME}}()) "
           ": nullptr;";
       code_ += "  }";
     }
@@ -2755,7 +2763,7 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       code_.SetValue("FIELD_VALUE", GenUnderlyingCast(field, true, call));
       code_.SetValue("NULLABLE_EXT", NullableExtension());
       code_ += "  {{FIELD_TYPE}}{{FIELD_NAME}}() const {";
-            if (IsVector(type) && field.value.constant == "[]") {
+      if (IsVector(type) && field.value.constant == "[]") {
         const auto& vec_type = type.VectorType();
         const std::string vtype_wire = GenTypeWire(
             vec_type, "", VectorElementUserFacing(vec_type), field.offset64);
@@ -2771,15 +2779,17 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         get_call += ">(" + offset_str + ");";
         code_ += get_call;
       } else if (IsString(type) && field.value.constant != "0") {
-        // TODO: Add logic to always convert the string to a valid C++ string
+        std::string escaped;
-        // literal by handling string escapes.
+        flatbuffers::EscapeString(field.value.constant.c_str(),
+                                  field.value.constant.length(), &escaped,
+                                  true, false);
         code_ += "    auto* ptr = {{FIELD_VALUE}};";
         code_ += "    if (ptr) return ptr;";
         code_ += "    static const struct { uint32_t len; const char s[" +
                  NumToString(field.value.constant.length() + 1) +
                  "]; } bfbs_string = { " +
-                 NumToString(field.value.constant.length()) + ", \"" +
+                 NumToString(field.value.constant.length()) + ", " +
-                 field.value.constant + "\" };";
+                 escaped + " };";
         code_ +=
             "    return reinterpret_cast<const ::flatbuffers::String "
             " *>(&bfbs_string);";
@@ -2799,7 +2809,7 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     }
 
     if (type.base_type == BASE_TYPE_UNION) {
-      GenTableUnionAsGetters(field);
+      GenTableUnionAsGetters(field, false);
     }
   }
 
@@ -2974,6 +2984,11 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       auto wire_type = GenTypeGet(type, " ", "", postptr.c_str(), true);
       code_.SetValue("FIELD_TYPE", wire_type);
 
+      // mutable union accessors
+      if (type.base_type == BASE_TYPE_UNION) {
+        GenTableUnionAsGetters(field, true);
+      }
+
       if (IsVector(type) && field.value.constant == "[]") {
         const auto& vec_type = type.VectorType();
         const std::string vtype_wire = GenTypeWire(
@@ -3185,6 +3200,7 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         code_.SetValue("U_FIELD_NAME", Name(*field) + "_as_" + Name(ev));
 
         // `template<> const T *union_name_as<T>() const` accessor.
+        // and `template<> T *mutable_union_name_as<T>()` accessor.
         code_ +=
             "template<> "
             "inline {{U_FIELD_TYPE}}{{STRUCT_NAME}}::{{FIELD_NAME}}_as"
@@ -3192,6 +3208,20 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         code_ += "  return {{U_FIELD_NAME}}();";
         code_ += "}";
         code_ += "";
+
+        if (opts_.mutable_buffer) {
+          code_.SetValue("U_FIELD_TYPE", full_struct_name + " *");
+          code_.SetValue("U_FIELD_NAME",
+                         "mutable_" + Name(*field) + "_as_" + Name(ev));
+          code_ +=
+              "template<> "
+              "inline {{U_FIELD_TYPE}}"
+              "{{STRUCT_NAME}}::mutable_{{FIELD_NAME}}_as"
+              "<{{U_ELEMENT_NAME}}>() {";
+          code_ += "  return {{U_FIELD_NAME}}();";
+          code_ += "}";
+          code_ += "";
+        }
       }
     }
 
@@ -3389,11 +3419,15 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
             code_.SetValue("CREATE_STRING", "CreateSharedString");
           }
           if (field->value.constant != "0") {
+            std::string escaped;
+            flatbuffers::EscapeString(field->value.constant.c_str(),
+                                      field->value.constant.length(), &escaped,
+                                      true, false);
             code_ +=
                 "  auto {{FIELD_NAME}}__ = {{FIELD_NAME}} ? "
                 "_fbb.{{CREATE_STRING}}({{FIELD_NAME}}) : "
-                "_fbb.{{CREATE_STRING}}(\"" +
+                "_fbb.{{CREATE_STRING}}(" +
-                field->value.constant + "\");";
+                escaped + ");";
           } else {
             code_ +=
                 "  auto {{FIELD_NAME}}__ = {{FIELD_NAME}} ? "
@@ -3797,7 +3831,9 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
               code += WrapInNameSpace(*vector_type.struct_def) + ">> ";
               code += "(" + value + ".size(), ";
               code += "[](size_t i, _VectorArgs *__va) { ";
-              code += "return Create" + vector_type.struct_def->name;
+              code += "return " +
+                      WrapInNameSpace(vector_type.struct_def->defined_namespace,
+                                      "Create" + vector_type.struct_def->name);
               code += "(*__va->__fbb, ";
               if (field.native_inline) {
                 code += "&(__va->_" + value + "[i])";
@@ -3910,8 +3946,10 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
           }
         } else {
           // _o->field ? CreateT(_fbb, _o->field.get(), _rehasher);
-          const std::string& type = field.value.type.struct_def->name;
+          const auto& nested_struct = *field.value.type.struct_def;
-          code += value + " ? Create" + type;
+          code += value + " ? " +
+                  WrapInNameSpace(nested_struct.defined_namespace,
+                                  "Create" + nested_struct.name);
           code += "(_fbb, " + value;
           if (!field.native_inline) code += GenPtrGet(field);
           code += ", _rehasher) : 0";

src/idl_gen_csharp.cpp

@@ -1243,6 +1243,58 @@ class CSharpGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         }
         code += " }\n";
       }
+      
+      // Generate Length property and ByteBuffer accessor for arrays in structs.
+      if (IsArray(field.value.type) && struct_def.fixed &&
+          IsScalar(field.value.type.VectorType().base_type)) {
+        auto camel_name = Name(field);
+        if (camel_name == struct_def.name) { camel_name += "_"; }
+        
+        // Generate Length constant
+        code += "  public const int " + camel_name;
+        code += "Length = ";
+        code += NumToString(field.value.type.fixed_length);
+        code += ";\n";
+        
+        // Generate GetBytes methods for scalar arrays (similar to vector pattern)
+        code += "#if ENABLE_SPAN_T\n";
+        code += "  public Span<" + GenTypeBasic(field.value.type.VectorType()) +
+                "> Get";
+        code += camel_name;
+        code += "Bytes() { return ";
+        
+        // For byte arrays, we can return the span directly
+        if (field.value.type.VectorType().base_type == BASE_TYPE_UCHAR) {
+          code += "__p.bb.ToSpan(__p.bb_pos + ";
+          code += NumToString(field.value.offset);
+          code += ", ";
+          code += NumToString(field.value.type.fixed_length *
+                             SizeOf(field.value.type.VectorType().base_type));
+          code += ")";
+        } else {
+          // For other types, we need to cast the byte span
+          code += "System.Runtime.InteropServices.MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, " +
+                  GenTypeBasic(field.value.type.VectorType()) + ">(__p.bb.ToSpan(__p.bb_pos + ";
+          code += NumToString(field.value.offset);
+          code += ", ";
+          code += NumToString(field.value.type.fixed_length *
+                             SizeOf(field.value.type.VectorType().base_type));
+          code += "))";
+        }
+        code += "; }\n";
+        code += "#else\n";
+        code += "  public ArraySegment<byte>? Get";
+        code += camel_name;
+        code += "Bytes() { return ";
+        code += "__p.bb.ToArraySegment(__p.bb_pos + ";
+        code += NumToString(field.value.offset);
+        code += ", ";
+        code += NumToString(field.value.type.fixed_length *
+                           SizeOf(field.value.type.VectorType().base_type));
+        code += ");}\n";
+        code += "#endif\n";
+      }
+      
       // generate object accessors if is nested_flatbuffer
       if (field.nested_flatbuffer) {
         auto nested_type_name = NamespacedName(*field.nested_flatbuffer);

src/idl_gen_dart.cpp

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ static Namer::Config DartDefaultConfig() {
           /*object_suffix=*/"T",
           /*keyword_prefix=*/"$",
           /*keyword_suffix=*/"",
+          /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
           /*filenames=*/Case::kKeep,
           /*directories=*/Case::kKeep,
           /*output_path=*/"",
@@ -653,34 +654,15 @@ class DartGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
 
   std::string NamespaceAliasFromUnionType(Namespace* root_namespace,
                                           const Type& type) {
-    const std::vector<std::string> qualified_name_parts =
+    const Namespace& type_namespace = *type.struct_def->defined_namespace;
-        type.struct_def->defined_namespace->components;
+    if (root_namespace->components == type_namespace.components) {
-    if (std::equal(root_namespace->components.begin(),
-                   root_namespace->components.end(),
-                   qualified_name_parts.begin())) {
       return namer_.Type(*type.struct_def);
     }
 
-    std::string ns;
+    const std::string ns = namer_.Namespace(type_namespace);
-
+    return ns.empty()
-    for (auto it = qualified_name_parts.begin();
+               ? namer_.Type(*type.struct_def)
-         it != qualified_name_parts.end(); ++it) {
+               : ImportAliasName(ns) + "." + namer_.Type(*type.struct_def);
-      auto& part = *it;
-
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < part.length(); i++) {
-        if (i && !isdigit(part[i]) && part[i] == CharToUpper(part[i])) {
-          ns += "_";
-          ns += CharToLower(part[i]);
-        } else {
-          ns += CharToLower(part[i]);
-        }
-      }
-      if (it != qualified_name_parts.end() - 1) {
-        ns += "_";
-      }
-    }
-
-    return ns + "." + namer_.Type(*type.struct_def);
   }
 
   void GenImplementationGetters(

src/idl_gen_fbs.cpp

@@ -368,7 +368,17 @@ static std::string GenerateFBS(const Parser& parser,
       if (field.value.type.base_type != BASE_TYPE_UTYPE) {
         GenComment(field.doc_comment, &schema, nullptr, "  ");
         schema += "  " + field.name + ":" + GenType(field.value.type);
-        if (field.value.constant != "0") schema += " = " + field.value.constant;
+        if (field.value.constant != "0") {
+          if (IsString(field.value.type)) {
+            std::string escaped;
+            flatbuffers::EscapeString(field.value.constant.c_str(),
+                                      field.value.constant.length(), &escaped,
+                                      true, false);
+            schema += " = " + escaped;
+          } else {
+            schema += " = " + field.value.constant;
+          }
+        }
         std::vector<std::string> attributes;
         if (field.IsRequired()) attributes.push_back("required");
         if (field.key) attributes.push_back("key");

src/idl_gen_go.cpp

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ static Namer::Config GoDefaultConfig() {
           /*object_suffix=*/"T",
           /*keyword_prefix=*/"",
           /*keyword_suffix=*/"_",
+          /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
           /*filenames=*/Case::kKeep,
           /*directories=*/Case::kKeep,
           /*output_path=*/"",

src/idl_gen_java.cpp

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ static Namer::Config JavaDefaultConfig() {
       /*object_suffix=*/"T",
       /*keyword_prefix=*/"",
       /*keyword_suffix=*/"_",
+      /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
       /*filenames=*/Case::kKeep,
       /*directories=*/Case::kKeep,
       /*output_path=*/"",

src/idl_gen_kotlin.cpp

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ static Namer::Config KotlinDefaultConfig() {
           /*object_suffix=*/"T",
           /*keyword_prefix=*/"",
           /*keyword_suffix=*/"_",
+          /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
           /*filenames=*/Case::kKeep,
           /*directories=*/Case::kKeep,
           /*output_path=*/"",

src/idl_gen_kotlin_kmp.cpp

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ static Namer::Config KotlinDefaultConfig() {
           /*object_suffix=*/"T",
           /*keyword_prefix=*/"",
           /*keyword_suffix=*/"E",
+          /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
           /*filenames=*/Case::kUpperCamel,
           /*directories=*/Case::kLowerCamel,
           /*output_path=*/"",

src/idl_gen_python.cpp

@@ -593,6 +593,18 @@ class PythonStubGenerator {
                     "bytes) -> uoffset: ...\n";
           }
         }
+
+        stub << "def ";
+        if (!parser_.opts.python_no_type_prefix_suffix) stub << type;
+        stub << "Create" << namer_.Method(*field)
+             << "Vector(builder: flatbuffers.Builder, data: typing.Iterable["
+                "typing.Any]) -> uoffset: ...\n";
+        if (!parser_.opts.one_file &&
+            !parser_.opts.python_no_type_prefix_suffix) {
+          stub << "def Create" << namer_.Method(*field)
+               << "Vector(builder: flatbuffers.Builder, data: "
+                  "typing.Iterable[typing.Any]) -> uoffset: ...\n";
+        }
       }
     }
 
@@ -1201,12 +1213,15 @@ class PythonGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       return;
     }  // There is no nested flatbuffer.
 
-    const std::string unqualified_name = nested->constant;
+    std::string unqualified_name = nested->constant;
     std::string qualified_name = NestedFlatbufferType(unqualified_name);
     if (qualified_name.empty()) {
       qualified_name = nested->constant;
     }
 
+    // name may be partially qualified -- need to get the true unqualified name
+    unqualified_name = namer_.Denamespace(qualified_name);
+
     const ImportMapEntry import_entry = {qualified_name, unqualified_name};
 
     auto& code = *code_ptr;
@@ -1464,6 +1479,59 @@ class PythonGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     }
   }
 
+  void BuildVectorCreationHelper(const StructDef& struct_def,
+                                 const FieldDef& field, std::string* code_ptr,
+                                 ImportMap& imports) const {
+    auto& code = *code_ptr;
+    const auto vector_type = field.value.type.VectorType();
+    const bool is_struct_vector = IsStruct(vector_type);
+    const bool is_scalar_vector =
+        IsScalar(vector_type.base_type) || vector_type.enum_def != nullptr;
+    const std::string struct_type = namer_.Type(struct_def);
+    const std::string field_method = namer_.Method(field);
+    const std::string helper_name =
+        parser_.opts.python_no_type_prefix_suffix
+            ? "Create" + field_method + "Vector"
+            : struct_type + "Create" + field_method + "Vector";
+
+    if (parser_.opts.python_typing) {
+      imports.insert(ImportMapEntry{"typing", "Iterable"});
+      code += "def " + helper_name +
+              "(builder: flatbuffers.Builder, data: Iterable[Any]) -> int:\n";
+    } else {
+      code += "def " + helper_name + "(builder, data):\n";
+    }
+
+    if (is_scalar_vector || is_struct_vector) {
+      auto alignment = InlineAlignment(vector_type);
+      auto elem_size = InlineSize(vector_type);
+      code += Indent + "data = list(data)\n";
+      code += Indent + "builder.StartVector(" + NumToString(elem_size) +
+              ", len(data), " + NumToString(alignment) + ")\n";
+      code += Indent + "for item in reversed(data):\n";
+      if (is_struct_vector) {
+        code += Indent + Indent + "item.Pack(builder)\n";
+      } else {
+        code += Indent + Indent + "builder.Prepend" +
+                namer_.Method(GenTypeBasic(vector_type)) + "(item)\n";
+      }
+      code += Indent + "return builder.EndVector()\n\n";
+    } else {
+      code += Indent + "return builder.CreateVectorOfTables(data)\n\n";
+    }
+
+    if (!parser_.opts.one_file && !parser_.opts.python_no_type_prefix_suffix) {
+      if (parser_.opts.python_typing) {
+        code += "def Create" + field_method +
+                "Vector(builder: flatbuffers.Builder, data: Iterable[Any]) "
+                "-> int:\n";
+      } else {
+        code += "def Create" + field_method + "Vector(builder, data):\n";
+      }
+      code += Indent + "return " + helper_name + "(builder, data)\n\n";
+    }
+  }
+
   // Set the value of one of the members of a table's vector and fills in the
   // elements from a bytearray. This is for simplifying the use of nested
   // flatbuffers.
@@ -1614,8 +1682,8 @@ class PythonGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
   }
 
   // Generate table constructors, conditioned on its members' types.
-  void GenTableBuilders(const StructDef& struct_def,
+  void GenTableBuilders(const StructDef& struct_def, std::string* code_ptr,
-                        std::string* code_ptr) const {
+                        ImportMap& imports) const {
     GetStartOfTable(struct_def, code_ptr);
 
     for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
@@ -1627,6 +1695,7 @@ class PythonGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       BuildFieldOfTable(struct_def, field, offset, code_ptr);
       if (IsVector(field.value.type)) {
         BuildVectorOfTable(struct_def, field, code_ptr);
+        BuildVectorCreationHelper(struct_def, field, code_ptr, imports);
         BuildVectorOfTableFromBytes(struct_def, field, code_ptr);
       }
     }
@@ -1693,7 +1762,7 @@ class PythonGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       GenStructBuilder(struct_def, code_ptr);
     } else {
       // Creates a set of functions that allow table construction.
-      GenTableBuilders(struct_def, code_ptr);
+      GenTableBuilders(struct_def, code_ptr, imports);
     }
   }
 
@@ -2026,12 +2095,12 @@ class PythonGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     const auto field_method = namer_.Method(field);
     const auto struct_var = namer_.Variable(struct_def);
     const EnumDef& enum_def = *field.value.type.enum_def;
-    auto union_type = namer_.Type(enum_def);
+    auto union_fn = namer_.Function(enum_def);
 
     if (parser_.opts.include_dependence_headers) {
-      union_type = namer_.NamespacedType(enum_def) + "." + union_type;
+      union_fn = namer_.NamespacedType(enum_def) + "." + union_fn;
     }
-    code += GenIndents(2) + "self." + field_field + " = " + union_type +
+    code += GenIndents(2) + "self." + field_field + " = " + union_fn +
             "Creator(" + "self." + field_field + "Type, " + struct_var + "." +
             field_method + "())";
   }
@@ -2402,7 +2471,7 @@ class PythonGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     } else {
       GenPackForScalarVectorFieldHelper(struct_def, field, code_prefix_ptr, 3);
       code_prefix += "(self." + field_field + "[i])";
-      code_prefix += GenIndents(4) + field_field + " = builder.EndVector()";
+      code_prefix += GenIndents(3) + field_field + " = builder.EndVector()";
     }
   }
 

src/idl_gen_swift.cpp

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ static Namer::Config SwiftDefaultConfig() {
           /*object_suffix=*/"T",
           /*keyword_prefix=*/"",
           /*keyword_suffix=*/"_",
+          /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
           /*filenames=*/Case::kKeep,
           /*directories=*/Case::kKeep,
           /*output_path=*/"",
@@ -163,15 +164,14 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
   bool generate() {
     code_.Clear();
     code_.SetValue("ACCESS", "_accessor");
-    code_.SetValue("TABLEOFFSET", "VTOFFSET");
+    code_.SetValue("TABLEOFFSET", "VT");
     code_ += "// " + std::string(FlatBuffersGeneratedWarning());
     code_ += "// swiftlint:disable all";
     code_ += "// swiftformat:disable all\n";
 
     if (parser_.opts.include_dependence_headers || parser_.opts.generate_all) {
-      code_.SetValue("IMPLEMENTONLY", parser_.opts.swift_implementation_only
+      code_.SetValue("IMPLEMENTONLY",
-                                          ? "@_implementationOnly "
+                     parser_.opts.swift_implementation_only ? "internal " : "");
-                                          : "");
       code_ += "#if canImport(Common)";
       code_ += "{{IMPLEMENTONLY}}import Common";
       code_ += "#endif";
@@ -281,9 +281,16 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
             NumToString(field.value.type.VectorType().fixed_length);
         code_.SetValue("FIXEDLENGTH", fixed_length);
 
-        const auto vector_base_type = IsStruct(field.value.type.VectorType())
+        std::string vector_base_type;
-                                          ? (type + "()")
+        if (IsStruct(field.value.type.VectorType())) {
-                                          : SwiftConstant(field);
+          vector_base_type = type + "()";
+        } else if (IsBool(field.value.type.VectorType().base_type)) {
+          vector_base_type = "false";
+        } else if (IsFloat(field.value.type.VectorType().base_type)) {
+          vector_base_type = "0.0";
+        } else {
+          vector_base_type = SwiftConstant(field);
+        }
         code_ += "private var _{{FIELDVAR}}: InlineArray<{{FIXEDLENGTH}}, " +
                  valueType + ">";
 
@@ -517,7 +524,7 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
   void GenTableAccessors(const StructDef& struct_def) {
     // Generate field id constants.
     if (struct_def.fields.vec.size() > 0) {
-      code_ += "private enum {{TABLEOFFSET}}: VOffset {";
+      code_ += "private struct {{TABLEOFFSET}} {";
       Indent();
       for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
            it != struct_def.fields.vec.end(); ++it) {
@@ -527,10 +534,8 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         }
         code_.SetValue("OFFSET_NAME", namer_.Variable(field));
         code_.SetValue("OFFSET_VALUE", NumToString(field.value.offset));
-        code_ += "case {{OFFSET_NAME}} = {{OFFSET_VALUE}}";
+        code_ += "static let {{OFFSET_NAME}}: VOffset = {{OFFSET_VALUE}}";
       }
-      code_ += "var v: Int32 { Int32(self.rawValue) }";
-      code_ += "var p: VOffset { self.rawValue }";
       Outdent();
       code_ += "}";
       code_ += "";
@@ -543,13 +548,14 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     code_.SetValue("SHORT_STRUCTNAME", namer_.Type(struct_def));
     code_.SetValue("STRUCTNAME", namer_.NamespacedType(struct_def));
     code_.SetValue("OBJECTTYPE", struct_def.fixed ? "Struct" : "Table");
+    code_.SetValue("PROTOCOL", struct_def.fixed ? "FlatBufferStruct"
+                                                : "FlatBufferVerifiableTable");
     code_.SetValue("MUTABLE", struct_def.fixed ? Mutable() : "");
 
     GenOSVersionChecks();
     code_ +=
         "{{ACCESS_TYPE}} struct {{STRUCTNAME}}{{MUTABLE}}: "
-        "FlatBuffer{{OBJECTTYPE}}, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable\\";
+        "{{PROTOCOL}}, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable\\";
-    if (!struct_def.fixed) code_ += ", Verifiable\\";
     if (!struct_def.fixed && parser_.opts.generate_object_based_api)
       code_ += ", ObjectAPIPacker\\";
     code_ += " {\n";
@@ -619,7 +625,8 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     if (should_generate_create) {
       code_ += "{{ACCESS_TYPE}} static func create{{SHORT_STRUCTNAME}}(";
       Indent();
-      code_ += "_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder,";
+      code_ += "_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder\\";
+      if (create_func_header.empty() == false) code_ += ",";
       for (auto it = create_func_header.begin(); it < create_func_header.end();
            ++it) {
         code_ += *it + "\\";
@@ -698,7 +705,7 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       code_ += field.IsOptional() ? (optional_enum + "\\")
                                   : (is_enum + ", def: {{CONSTANT}}\\");
 
-      code_ += ", at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.p) }";
+      code_ += ", at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}) }";
 
       const auto default_value =
           IsEnum(field.value.type)
@@ -718,7 +725,7 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       code_ +=
           "{{VALUETYPE}}" + builder_string + "fbb.add(element: {{FIELDVAR}},\\";
       code_ += field.IsOptional() ? "\\" : " def: {{CONSTANT}},";
-      code_ += " at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.p) }";
+      code_ += " at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}) }";
       create_func_header.push_back(
           field_var + ": " + nullable_type + " = " +
           (field.IsOptional() ? "nil" : default_value));
@@ -729,7 +736,7 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       const auto create_struct =
           "guard let {{FIELDVAR}} = {{FIELDVAR}} else { return };"
           " fbb.create(struct: {{FIELDVAR}}, position: "
-          "{{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.p) }";
+          "{{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}) }";
       code_ += type + "?" + builder_string + create_struct;
       /// Optional hard coded since structs are always optional
       create_func_header.push_back(field_var + ": " + type +
@@ -746,8 +753,9 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
                                  (field.IsRequired() ? "" : " = Offset()"));
     const auto reader_type =
         IsStruct(field.value.type) && field.value.type.struct_def->fixed
-            ? "structOffset: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.p) }"
+            ? "structOffset: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}) }"
-            : "offset: {{FIELDVAR}}, at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.p) }";
+            : "offset: {{FIELDVAR}}, at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}) "
+              "}";
     code_ += "Offset" + builder_string + "fbb.add(" + reader_type;
 
     const auto vectortype = field.value.type.VectorType();
@@ -851,7 +859,10 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         break;
 
       case BASE_TYPE_STRING: {
-        const auto default_string = "\"" + SwiftConstant(field) + "\"";
+        const auto sc = SwiftConstant(field);
+        std::string default_string;
+        flatbuffers::EscapeString(sc.c_str(), sc.length(), &default_string,
+                                  true, false);
         code_.SetValue("VALUETYPE", GenType(field.value.type));
         code_.SetValue("CONSTANT", field.IsDefault() ? default_string : "nil");
         code_ += GenReaderMainBody(is_required) + GenOffset() +
@@ -859,7 +870,7 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         code_ += "{{ACCESS_TYPE}} var {{FIELDVAR}}SegmentArray: [UInt8]" +
                  is_required +
                  " { return "
-                 "{{ACCESS}}.getVector(at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.v) }";
+                 "{{ACCESS}}.getVector(at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}) }";
         break;
       }
       case BASE_TYPE_ARRAY:
@@ -893,7 +904,7 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       code_ +=
           "{{ACCESS_TYPE}} var {{FIELDVAR}}: "
           "FlatbufferVector<{{VALUETYPE}}> "
-          "{ return {{ACCESS}}.vector(at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.v, "
+          "{ return {{ACCESS}}.vector(at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}, "
           "byteSize: {{SIZE}}) }";
     }
 
@@ -910,7 +921,7 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       code_ +=
           "{{ACCESS_TYPE}} var {{FIELDVAR}}: "
           "FlatbufferVector<{{VALUETYPE}}_Mutable> "
-          "{ return {{ACCESS}}.vector(at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.v, "
+          "{ return {{ACCESS}}.vector(at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}, "
           "byteSize: {{SIZE}}) }";
       GenUnsafeBufferPointer(field);
       return;
@@ -919,7 +930,8 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     if (vectortype.base_type == BASE_TYPE_UNION) {
       code_ +=
           "{{ACCESS_TYPE}} var {{FIELDVAR}}: UnionFlatbufferVector "
-          "{ return {{ACCESS}}.unionVector(at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.v, "
+          "{ return {{ACCESS}}.unionVector(at: "
+          "{{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}, "
           "byteSize: {{SIZE}}) }";
       code_ +=
           "{{ACCESS_TYPE}} func {{FIELDVAR}}<T: FlatbuffersInitializable>(at "
@@ -953,24 +965,21 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         "{{ACCESS_TYPE}} func {{functionName}}<T>(_ body: "
         "(UnsafeRawBufferPointer, Int) throws -> T) rethrows -> T? { return "
         "try "
-        "{{ACCESS}}.withUnsafePointerToSlice(at: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.v, "
+        "{{ACCESS}}.withUnsafePointerToSlice(at: "
+        "{{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}, "
         "body: body) }";
   }
 
-  void GenerateCodingKeys(const StructDef& struct_def) {
+  std::vector<std::string> GenerateCodingKeys(const StructDef& struct_def) {
-    code_ += "enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {";
+    std::vector<std::string> coding_keys;
-    Indent();
     for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
          it != struct_def.fields.vec.end(); ++it) {
       const auto& field = **it;
       if (field.deprecated) continue;
-
+      coding_keys.push_back("case " + namer_.Variable(field) + " = \"" +
-      code_.SetValue("RAWVALUENAME", field.name);
+                            field.name + "\"");
-      code_.SetValue("FIELDVAR", namer_.Variable(field));
-      code_ += "case {{FIELDVAR}} = \"{{RAWVALUENAME}}\"";
     }
-    Outdent();
+    return coding_keys;
-    code_ += "}";
   }
 
   void GenerateEncoderUnionBody(const FieldDef& field) {
@@ -1092,14 +1101,31 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     GenOSVersionChecks();
     code_ += "extension {{STRUCTNAME}}: Encodable {";
     Indent();
-    code_ += "";
+    auto coding_keys = GenerateCodingKeys(struct_def);
-    if (struct_def.fields.vec.empty() == false) GenerateCodingKeys(struct_def);
+
+    if (coding_keys.empty() == false) {
+      code_ += "enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {";
+      Indent();
+      for (auto it = coding_keys.begin(); it != coding_keys.end(); ++it) {
+        const auto& field = *it;
+        code_ += field;
+      }
+      Outdent();
+      code_ += "}";
+
+      code_ += "";
+    }
 
     code_ += "{{ACCESS_TYPE}} func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {";
-    Indent();
+
-    if (struct_def.fields.vec.empty() == false) GenerateEncoderBody(struct_def);
+    if (coding_keys.empty() == false) {
-    Outdent();
+      Indent();
+      GenerateEncoderBody(struct_def);
+      Outdent();
+    }
+
     code_ += "}";
+
     Outdent();
     code_ += "}";
     code_ += "";
@@ -1129,7 +1155,7 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       }
 
       code_ +=
-          "try _v.visit(field: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.p, fieldName: "
+          "try _v.visit(field: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}, fieldName: "
           "\"{{FIELDVAR}}\", required: {{ISREQUIRED}}, type: "
           "{{VALUETYPE}}.self)";
     }
@@ -1149,8 +1175,9 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     code_.SetValue("VALUETYPE", namer_.NamespacedType(union_def));
     code_.SetValue("FUNCTION_NAME", is_vector ? "visitUnionVector" : "visit");
     code_ +=
-        "try _v.{{FUNCTION_NAME}}(unionKey: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}Type.p, "
+        "try _v.{{FUNCTION_NAME}}(unionKey: "
-        "unionField: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.p, unionKeyName: "
+        "{{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}Type, "
+        "unionField: {{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}, unionKeyName: "
         "\"{{FIELDVAR}}Type\", fieldName: \"{{FIELDVAR}}\", required: "
         "{{ISREQUIRED}}, completion: { (verifier, key: {{VALUETYPE}}, pos) in";
     Indent();
@@ -1625,15 +1652,23 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         buffer_constructor.push_back(field_var + " = _t." + field_field);
 
         if (field.IsRequired()) {
-          std::string default_value =
+          std::string default_value;
-              field.IsDefault() ? SwiftConstant(field) : "";
+          if (field.IsDefault()) {
-          base_constructor.push_back(field_var + " = \"" + default_value +
+            const auto sc = SwiftConstant(field);
-                                     "\"");
+            flatbuffers::EscapeString(sc.c_str(), sc.length(), &default_value,
+                                      true, false);
+          } else {
+            default_value = "\"\"";
+          }
+          base_constructor.push_back(field_var + " = " + default_value);
           break;
         }
         if (field.IsDefault() && !field.IsRequired()) {
-          std::string value = field.IsDefault() ? SwiftConstant(field) : "nil";
+          const auto sc = SwiftConstant(field);
-          base_constructor.push_back(field_var + " = \"" + value + "\"");
+          std::string value;
+          flatbuffers::EscapeString(sc.c_str(), sc.length(), &value,
+                                    true, false);
+          base_constructor.push_back(field_var + " = " + value);
         }
         break;
       }
@@ -1892,7 +1927,7 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
   }
 
   std::string GenOffset() {
-    return "let o = {{ACCESS}}.offset({{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}.v); ";
+    return "let o = {{ACCESS}}.offset({{TABLEOFFSET}}.{{OFFSET}}); ";
   }
 
   std::string GenReaderMainBody(const std::string& optional = "") {
@@ -1962,7 +1997,7 @@ class SwiftGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
   std::string GenType(const Type& type,
                       const bool should_consider_suffix = false) const {
     return IsScalar(type.base_type) ? GenTypeBasic(type)
-           : IsArray(type) ? GenType(type.VectorType())
+           : IsArray(type)          ? GenType(type.VectorType())
                            : GenTypePointer(type, should_consider_suffix);
   }
 

src/idl_gen_ts.cpp

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ Namer::Config TypeScriptDefaultConfig() {
           /*object_suffix=*/"T",
           /*keyword_prefix=*/"",
           /*keyword_suffix=*/"_",
+          /*keywords_casing=*/Namer::Config::KeywordsCasing::CaseSensitive,
           /*filenames=*/Case::kDasher,
           /*directories=*/Case::kDasher,
           /*output_path=*/"",
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ std::set<std::string> TypescriptKeywords() {
       "throw",     "true",     "try",       "typeof",     "var",        "void",
       "while",     "with",     "as",        "implements", "interface",  "let",
       "package",   "private",  "protected", "public",     "static",     "yield",
+      "undefined"  // Used with --ts-undefined-for-optionals
   };
 }
 
@@ -110,7 +112,9 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
               const std::string& file_name)
       : BaseGenerator(parser, path, file_name, "", "_", "ts"),
         namer_(WithFlagOptions(TypeScriptDefaultConfig(), parser.opts, path),
-               TypescriptKeywords()) {}
+               TypescriptKeywords()),
+        null_keyword_(parser_.opts.ts_undefined_for_optionals ? "undefined"
+                                                              : "null") {}
 
   bool generate() {
     generateEnums();
@@ -214,6 +218,8 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
 
   std::map<std::string, NsDefinition> ns_defs_;
 
+  std::string null_keyword_;
+
   // Generate code for all enums.
   void generateEnums() {
     for (auto it = parser_.enums_.vec.begin(); it != parser_.enums_.vec.end();
@@ -318,9 +324,10 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         export_counter++;
       }
 
-      if (export_counter > 0)
+      if (export_counter > 0) {
         parser_.opts.file_saver->SaveFile(it.second.filepath.c_str(), code,
                                           false);
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -467,7 +474,7 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
 
   std::string GenDefaultValue(const FieldDef& field, import_set& imports) {
     if (field.IsScalarOptional()) {
-      return "null";
+      return null_keyword_;
     }
 
     const auto& value = field.value;
@@ -515,10 +522,23 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       case BASE_TYPE_BOOL:
         return value.constant == "0" ? "false" : "true";
 
-      case BASE_TYPE_STRING:
+      case BASE_TYPE_STRING: {
+        // NOTE: Strings without a default value are parsed as "0" by
+        // the parser, so therefore we have to treat "0" as a null-signifying
+        // value.
+        if (value.constant == "0" || value.constant == "null") {
+          return "null";
+        } else {
+          std::string escaped;
+          flatbuffers::EscapeString(value.constant.c_str(),
+                                    value.constant.length(), &escaped,
+                                    true, false);
+          return escaped;
+        }
+      }
       case BASE_TYPE_UNION:
       case BASE_TYPE_STRUCT: {
-        return "null";
+        return null_keyword_;
       }
 
       case BASE_TYPE_ARRAY:
@@ -554,16 +574,16 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         } else {
           name = AddImport(imports, owner, *type.struct_def).name;
         }
-        return allowNull ? (name + "|null") : name;
+        return allowNull ? (name + "|" + null_keyword_) : name;
       }
     }
 
     switch (type.base_type) {
       case BASE_TYPE_BOOL:
-        return allowNull ? "boolean|null" : "boolean";
+        return allowNull ? ("boolean|" + null_keyword_) : "boolean";
       case BASE_TYPE_LONG:
       case BASE_TYPE_ULONG:
-        return allowNull ? "bigint|null" : "bigint";
+        return allowNull ? ("bigint|" + null_keyword_) : "bigint";
       case BASE_TYPE_ARRAY: {
         std::string name;
         if (type.element == BASE_TYPE_LONG || type.element == BASE_TYPE_ULONG) {
@@ -578,16 +598,16 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
           }
         }
 
-        return name + (allowNull ? "|null" : "");
+        return name + (allowNull ? ("|" + null_keyword_) : "");
       }
       default:
         if (IsScalar(type.base_type)) {
           if (type.enum_def) {
             const auto enum_name =
                 AddImport(imports, owner, *type.enum_def).name;
-            return allowNull ? (enum_name + "|null") : enum_name;
+            return allowNull ? (enum_name + "|" + null_keyword_) : enum_name;
           }
-          return allowNull ? "number|null" : "number";
+          return allowNull ? ("number|" + null_keyword_) : "number";
         }
         return "flatbuffers.Offset";
     }
@@ -641,7 +661,8 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
   }
 
   void GenStructArgs(import_set& imports, const StructDef& struct_def,
-                     std::string* arguments, const std::string& nameprefix) {
+                     const Definition& owner, std::string* arguments,
+                     const std::string& nameprefix) {
     for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
          it != struct_def.fields.vec.end(); ++it) {
       auto& field = **it;
@@ -649,11 +670,11 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         // Generate arguments for a struct inside a struct. To ensure names
         // don't clash, and to make it obvious these arguments are constructing
         // a nested struct, prefix the name with the field name.
-        GenStructArgs(imports, *field.value.type.struct_def, arguments,
+        GenStructArgs(imports, *field.value.type.struct_def, owner, arguments,
                       nameprefix + field.name + "_");
       } else {
         *arguments += ", " + nameprefix + field.name + ": " +
-                      GenTypeName(imports, field, field.value.type, true,
+                      GenTypeName(imports, owner, field.value.type, true,
                                   field.IsOptional());
       }
     }
@@ -915,6 +936,48 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     return symbols_expression;
   }
 
+  std::vector<std::string> PathComponents(const std::string& path) const {
+    std::vector<std::string> components;
+    size_t start = 0;
+    while (start < path.size()) {
+      auto end = path.find(kPathSeparator, start);
+      if (end == std::string::npos) end = path.size();
+      if (end > start) {
+        components.emplace_back(path.substr(start, end - start));
+      }
+      if (end == path.size()) break;
+      start = end + 1;
+    }
+    return components;
+  }
+
+  std::string RelativeDirectory(const std::vector<std::string>& from,
+                                const std::vector<std::string>& to) const {
+    size_t common = 0;
+    while (common < from.size() && common < to.size() &&
+           from[common] == to[common]) {
+      ++common;
+    }
+
+    std::string rel;
+    const size_t ups = from.size() - common;
+    if (ups == 0) {
+      rel = ".";
+    } else {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < ups; ++i) {
+        if (!rel.empty()) rel += kPathSeparator;
+        rel += "..";
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = common; i < to.size(); ++i) {
+      if (!rel.empty()) rel += kPathSeparator;
+      rel += to[i];
+    }
+
+    return rel;
+  }
+
   template <typename DefinitionT>
   ImportDefinition AddImport(import_set& imports, const Definition& dependent,
                              const DefinitionT& dependency) {
@@ -942,26 +1005,32 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     const std::string symbols_expression = GenSymbolExpression(
         dependency, has_name_clash, import_name, name, object_name);
 
-    std::string bare_file_path;
+    const Namespace* dependent_ns = dependent.defined_namespace
-    std::string rel_file_path;
+                                        ? dependent.defined_namespace
-    if (dependent.defined_namespace) {
+                                        : parser_.empty_namespace_;
-      const auto& dep_comps = dependent.defined_namespace->components;
+    const Namespace* dependency_ns = dependency.defined_namespace
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < dep_comps.size(); i++) {
+                                         ? dependency.defined_namespace
-        rel_file_path += i == 0 ? ".." : (kPathSeparator + std::string(".."));
+                                         : parser_.empty_namespace_;
-      }
-      if (dep_comps.size() == 0) {
-        rel_file_path += ".";
-      }
-    } else {
-      rel_file_path += "..";
-    }
 
-    bare_file_path +=
+    const std::string dependent_dirs =
-        kPathSeparator +
+        namer_.Directories(*dependent_ns, SkipDir::OutputPath);
-        namer_.Directories(dependency.defined_namespace->components,
+    const std::string dependency_dirs =
-                           SkipDir::OutputPath) +
+        namer_.Directories(*dependency_ns, SkipDir::OutputPath);
+
+    const auto dependent_components = PathComponents(dependent_dirs);
+    const auto dependency_components = PathComponents(dependency_dirs);
+
+    std::string rel_dir =
+        RelativeDirectory(dependent_components, dependency_components);
+    if (rel_dir.empty()) rel_dir = ".";
+    if (!rel_dir.empty()) rel_dir += kPathSeparator;
+
+    std::string rel_file_path =
+        rel_dir + namer_.File(dependency, SkipFile::SuffixAndExtension);
+
+    std::string bare_file_path =
+        kPathSeparator + dependency_dirs +
         namer_.File(dependency, SkipFile::SuffixAndExtension);
-    rel_file_path += bare_file_path;
 
     ImportDefinition import;
     import.name = name;
@@ -1039,7 +1108,8 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       const auto& enum_def = *union_type.enum_def;
 
       const auto valid_union_type = GenUnionTypeTS(enum_def, imports);
-      const auto valid_union_type_with_null = valid_union_type + "|null";
+      const auto valid_union_type_with_null =
+          valid_union_type + "|" + null_keyword_;
 
       auto ret = "\n\nexport function " + GenUnionConvFuncName(enum_def) +
                  "(\n  type: " + GetTypeName(enum_def) +
@@ -1051,7 +1121,7 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
 
       const auto union_enum_loop = [&](const std::string& accessor_str) {
         ret += "  switch(" + enum_type + "[type]) {\n";
-        ret += "    case 'NONE': return null; \n";
+        ret += "    case 'NONE': return " + null_keyword_ + "; \n";
 
         for (auto it = enum_def.Vals().begin(); it != enum_def.Vals().end();
              ++it) {
@@ -1075,7 +1145,7 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
           ret += "\n";
         }
 
-        ret += "    default: return null;\n";
+        ret += "    default: return " + null_keyword_ + ";\n";
         ret += "  }\n";
       };
 
@@ -1120,7 +1190,8 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         ret += "      const temp = " + conversion_function + "(this." +
                namer_.Method(field_name, "Type") + "(), " +
                field_binded_method + ");\n";
-        ret += "      if(temp === null) { return null; }\n";
+        ret += "      if(temp === " + null_keyword_ + ") { return " +
+               null_keyword_ + "; }\n";
         ret += union_has_string
                    ? "      if(typeof temp === 'string') { return temp; }\n"
                    : "";
@@ -1140,12 +1211,12 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
                "++targetEnumIndex) {\n";
         ret += "      const targetEnum = this." +
                namer_.Method(field_name, "Type") + "(targetEnumIndex);\n";
-        ret += "      if(targetEnum === null || " + enum_type +
+        ret += "      if(targetEnum === " + null_keyword_ + " || " + enum_type +
                "[targetEnum!] === 'NONE') { "
                "continue; }\n\n";
         ret += "      const temp = " + conversion_function + "(targetEnum, " +
                field_binded_method + ", targetEnumIndex);\n";
-        ret += "      if(temp === null) { continue; }\n";
+        ret += "      if(temp === " + null_keyword_ + ") { continue; }\n";
         ret += union_has_string ? "      if(typeof temp === 'string') { "
                                   "ret.push(temp); continue; }\n"
                                 : "";
@@ -1162,11 +1233,12 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     return "";
   }
 
-  static std::string GenNullCheckConditional(
+  std::string GenNullCheckConditional(const std::string& nullCheckVar,
-      const std::string& nullCheckVar, const std::string& trueVal,
+                                      const std::string& trueVal,
-      const std::string& falseVal = "null") {
+                                      const std::string& falseVal = "") {
-    return "(" + nullCheckVar + " !== null ? " + trueVal + " : " + falseVal +
+    std::string false_val = falseVal.empty() ? null_keyword_ : falseVal;
-           ")";
+    return "(" + nullCheckVar + " !== " + null_keyword_ + " ? " + trueVal +
+           " : " + false_val + ")";
   }
 
   std::string GenStructMemberValueTS(const StructDef& struct_def,
@@ -1275,10 +1347,9 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       // Emit a scalar field
       const auto is_string = IsString(field.value.type);
       if (IsScalar(field.value.type.base_type) || is_string) {
-        const auto has_null_default = is_string || HasNullDefault(field);
+        field_type +=
-
+            GenTypeName(imports, field, field.value.type, false,
-        field_type += GenTypeName(imports, field, field.value.type, false,
+                        !HasDefaultValue(field) || HasNullDefault(field));
-                                  has_null_default);
         field_val = "this." + namer_.Method(field) + "()";
 
         if (field.value.type.base_type != BASE_TYPE_STRING) {
@@ -1300,8 +1371,8 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
 
             const std::string field_accessor =
                 "this." + namer_.Method(field) + "()";
-            field_val = GenNullCheckConditional(field_accessor,
+            field_val = GenNullCheckConditional(
-                                                field_accessor + "!.unpack()");
+                field_accessor, field_accessor + "!.unpack()", null_keyword_);
             auto packing = GenNullCheckConditional(
                 "this." + field_field,
                 "this." + field_field + "!.pack(builder)", "0");
@@ -1509,8 +1580,8 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
             break;
         }
 
-        // length 0 vector is simply empty instead of null
+        // length 0 vector is simply empty instead of null/undefined.
-        field_type += is_vector ? "" : "|null";
+        field_type += is_vector ? "" : ("|" + null_keyword_);
       }
 
       if (!field_offset_decl.empty()) {
@@ -1539,7 +1610,7 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         } else {
           if (field.IsScalarOptional()) {
             pack_func_create_call +=
-                "  if (" + field_offset_val + " !== null)\n  ";
+                "  if (" + field_offset_val + " !== " + null_keyword_ + ")\n  ";
           }
           pack_func_create_call += "  " + struct_name + "." +
                                    namer_.Method("add", field) + "(builder, " +
@@ -1624,12 +1695,14 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     GenDocComment(struct_def.doc_comment, code_ptr);
     code += "export class ";
     code += object_name;
-    if (parser.opts.generate_object_based_api)
+    if (parser.opts.generate_object_based_api) {
       code += " implements flatbuffers.IUnpackableObject<" + object_api_name +
               "> {\n";
-    else
+    } else {
       code += " {\n";
-    code += "  bb: flatbuffers.ByteBuffer|null = null;\n";
+    }
+    code += "  bb: flatbuffers.ByteBuffer|" + null_keyword_ + " = " +
+            null_keyword_ + ";\n";
     code += "  bb_pos = 0;\n";
 
     // Generate the __init method that sets the field in a pre-existing
@@ -1670,21 +1743,22 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         offset_prefix = "  const offset = " + GenBBAccess() +
                         ".__offset(this.bb_pos, " +
                         NumToString(field.value.offset) + ");\n";
-        offset_prefix += "  return offset ? ";
+        offset_prefix += "  return ";
       }
 
       // Emit a scalar field
       const auto is_string = IsString(field.value.type);
       if (IsScalar(field.value.type.base_type) || is_string) {
-        const auto has_null_default = is_string || HasNullDefault(field);
+        const auto has_null_default =
+            !field.IsRequired() && !HasDefaultValue(field);
 
         GenDocComment(field.doc_comment, code_ptr);
         std::string prefix = namer_.Method(field) + "(";
         if (is_string) {
-          code += prefix + "):string|null\n";
+          code += prefix + "):" + (has_null_default ? "string|" + null_keyword_ : "string") + "\n";
           code +=
               prefix + "optionalEncoding:flatbuffers.Encoding" + "):" +
-              GenTypeName(imports, struct_def, field.value.type, false, true) +
+              GenTypeName(imports, struct_def, field.value.type, false, has_null_default) +
               "\n";
           code += prefix + "optionalEncoding?:any";
         } else {
@@ -1713,9 +1787,16 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
           if (is_string) {
             index += ", optionalEncoding";
           }
-          code +=
+          if (field.IsRequired()) {
-              offset_prefix + GenGetter(field.value.type, "(" + index + ")");
+            code +=
-          if (field.value.type.base_type != BASE_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+                offset_prefix + GenGetter(field.value.type, "(" + index + ")");
+            ;
+          } else {
+            code += offset_prefix + "offset ? " +
+                    GenGetter(field.value.type, "(" + index + ")");
+          }
+          if (field.value.type.base_type != BASE_TYPE_ARRAY &&
+              !field.IsRequired()) {
             code += " : " + GenDefaultValue(field, imports);
           }
           code += ";\n";
@@ -1731,7 +1812,8 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
                     .name;
             GenDocComment(field.doc_comment, code_ptr);
             code += namer_.Method(field);
-            code += "(obj?:" + type + "):" + type + "|null {\n";
+            code +=
+                "(obj?:" + type + "):" + type + "|" + null_keyword_ + " {\n";
 
             if (struct_def.fixed) {
               code += "  return (obj || " + GenerateNewExpression(type);
@@ -1739,12 +1821,12 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
               code +=
                   MaybeAdd(field.value.offset) + ", " + GenBBAccess() + ");\n";
             } else {
-              code += offset_prefix + "(obj || " + GenerateNewExpression(type) +
+              code += offset_prefix + "offset ? (obj || " +
-                      ").__init(";
+                      GenerateNewExpression(type) + ").__init(";
               code += field.value.type.struct_def->fixed
                           ? "this.bb_pos + offset"
                           : GenBBAccess() + ".__indirect(this.bb_pos + offset)";
-              code += ", " + GenBBAccess() + ") : null;\n";
+              code += ", " + GenBBAccess() + ") : " + null_keyword_ + ";\n";
             }
 
             break;
@@ -1797,7 +1879,7 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
             } else {
               code += prefix;
             }
-            code += "):" + vectortypename + "|null {\n";
+            code += "):" + vectortypename + "|" + null_keyword_ + " {\n";
 
             if (vectortype.base_type == BASE_TYPE_STRUCT) {
               code += offset_prefix + "(obj || " +
@@ -1837,7 +1919,7 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
                     code += " : 0";
                   }
                 } else {
-                  code += ": null";
+                  code += ": " + null_keyword_;
                 }
                 break;
               }
@@ -1895,10 +1977,10 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
             } else {
               code += prefix;
             }
-            code += "):" + vectortypename + "|null {\n";
+            code += "):" + vectortypename + "|" + null_keyword_ + " {\n";
 
             if (vectortype.base_type == BASE_TYPE_STRUCT) {
-              code += offset_prefix + "(obj || " +
+              code += offset_prefix + "offset ? (obj || " +
                       GenerateNewExpression(vectortypename);
               code += ").__init(";
               code += vectortype.struct_def->fixed
@@ -1911,7 +1993,8 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
               } else if (IsString(vectortype)) {
                 index += ", optionalEncoding";
               }
-              code += offset_prefix + GenGetter(vectortype, "(" + index + ")");
+              code += offset_prefix + "offset ? " +
+                      GenGetter(vectortype, "(" + index + ")");
             }
             code += " : ";
             if (field.value.type.element == BASE_TYPE_BOOL) {
@@ -1921,12 +2004,12 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
               code += "BigInt(0)";
             } else if (IsScalar(field.value.type.element)) {
               if (field.value.type.enum_def) {
-                code += "null";
+                code += null_keyword_;
               } else {
                 code += "0";
               }
             } else {
-              code += "null";
+              code += null_keyword_;
             }
             code += ";\n";
             break;
@@ -1939,13 +2022,13 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
             const auto& union_enum = *(field.value.type.enum_def);
             const auto union_type = GenUnionGenericTypeTS(union_enum);
             code += "<T extends flatbuffers.Table>(obj:" + union_type +
-                    "):" + union_type +
+                    "):" + union_type + "|" + null_keyword_ +
-                    "|null "
+                    " "
                     "{\n";
 
-            code += offset_prefix +
+            code += offset_prefix + "offset ? " +
                     GenGetter(field.value.type, "(obj, this.bb_pos + offset)") +
-                    " : null;\n";
+                    " : " + null_keyword_ + ";\n";
             break;
           }
           default:
@@ -1996,7 +2079,7 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         // Emit a length helper
         GenDocComment(code_ptr);
         code += namer_.Method(field, "Length");
-        code += "():number {\n" + offset_prefix;
+        code += "():number {\n" + offset_prefix + "offset ? ";
 
         code +=
             GenBBAccess() + ".__vector_len(this.bb_pos + offset) : 0;\n}\n\n";
@@ -2007,14 +2090,30 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
           GenDocComment(code_ptr);
 
           code += namer_.Method(field, "Array");
-          code +=
-              "():" + GenType(vectorType) + "Array|null {\n" + offset_prefix;
 
-          code += "new " + GenType(vectorType) + "Array(" + GenBBAccess() +
+          std::string return_type =
-                  ".bytes().buffer, " + GenBBAccess() +
+              (field.IsRequired() || HasDefaultValue(field))
-                  ".bytes().byteOffset + " + GenBBAccess() +
+                  ? "Array"
-                  ".__vector(this.bb_pos + offset), " + GenBBAccess() +
+                  : ("Array|" + null_keyword_);
-                  ".__vector_len(this.bb_pos + offset)) : null;\n}\n\n";
+          if (field.IsRequired()) {
+            code += "():" + GenType(vectorType) + return_type + " {\n" +
+                    offset_prefix + "new " + GenType(vectorType) + "Array(" +
+                    GenBBAccess() + ".bytes().buffer, " + GenBBAccess() +
+                    ".bytes().byteOffset + " + GenBBAccess() +
+                    ".__vector(this.bb_pos + offset), " + GenBBAccess() +
+                    ".__vector_len(this.bb_pos + offset));\n}\n\n";
+          } else {
+            std::string value = HasDefaultValue(field)
+                                    ? "new " + GenType(vectorType) + "Array()"
+                                    : "null";
+            code += "():" + GenType(vectorType) + return_type + " {\n" +
+                    offset_prefix + "offset ? new " + GenType(vectorType) +
+                    "Array(" + GenBBAccess() + ".bytes().buffer, " +
+                    GenBBAccess() + ".bytes().byteOffset + " + GenBBAccess() +
+                    ".__vector(this.bb_pos + offset), " + GenBBAccess() +
+                    ".__vector_len(this.bb_pos + offset)) : " + value +
+                    ";\n}\n\n";
+          }
         }
       }
     }
@@ -2043,7 +2142,7 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     // Emit a factory constructor
     if (struct_def.fixed) {
       std::string arguments;
-      GenStructArgs(imports, struct_def, &arguments, "");
+      GenStructArgs(imports, struct_def, struct_def, &arguments, "");
       GenDocComment(code_ptr);
 
       code += "static create" + GetPrefixedName(struct_def) +
@@ -2084,7 +2183,7 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
         if (!IsScalar(field.value.type.base_type)) {
           code += "0";
         } else if (HasNullDefault(field)) {
-          code += "null";
+          code += null_keyword_;
         } else {
           if (field.value.type.base_type == BASE_TYPE_BOOL) {
             code += "+";
@@ -2201,7 +2300,7 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
           const auto arg_name = GetArgName(field);
 
           if (field.IsScalarOptional()) {
-            code += "  if (" + arg_name + " !== null)\n  ";
+            code += "  if (" + arg_name + " !== " + null_keyword_ + ")\n  ";
           }
 
           code += "  " + methodPrefix + "." + namer_.Method("add", field) + "(";
@@ -2241,10 +2340,38 @@ class TsGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     }
   }
 
-  static bool HasNullDefault(const FieldDef& field) {
+  bool HasNullDefault(const FieldDef& field) {
     return field.IsOptional() && field.value.constant == "null";
   }
 
+  static bool HasDefaultValue(const FieldDef& field) {
+    switch (field.value.type.base_type) {
+      // These types can't have defaults
+      case BASE_TYPE_UNION:
+      case BASE_TYPE_STRUCT: {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      // Arrays always have a default (empty array)
+      case BASE_TYPE_ARRAY:
+        return true;
+
+      // The only supported default for vectors is []
+      case BASE_TYPE_VECTOR:
+        return field.value.constant == "[]";
+
+      // Even strings are presumed to be null-default if the default value is
+      // "0", this is intended behavior.
+      case BASE_TYPE_STRING: {
+        return field.value.constant != "0" && field.value.constant != "null";
+      }
+
+      default: {
+        return field.value.constant != "null";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   std::string GetArgType(import_set& imports, const Definition& owner,
                          const FieldDef& field, bool allowNull) {
     return GenTypeName(imports, owner, field.value.type, true,

src/idl_parser.cpp

@@ -2755,6 +2755,42 @@ std::vector<IncludedFile> Parser::GetIncludedFiles() const {
   return {it->second.cbegin(), it->second.cend()};
 }
 
+bool Parser::HasCircularStructDependency() {
+  std::function<bool(StructDef*)> visit =
+      [&](StructDef* struct_def) {
+        // Only consider fixed structs and structs we have yet to check
+        if (!struct_def->fixed || struct_def->cycle_status == StructDef::CycleStatus::Checked) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        if (struct_def->cycle_status == StructDef::CycleStatus::InProgress) {
+          // cycle found
+          return true;
+        }
+
+        struct_def->cycle_status = StructDef::CycleStatus::InProgress;
+
+        for (const auto& field : struct_def->fields.vec) {
+          if (field->value.type.base_type == BASE_TYPE_STRUCT) {
+            if (visit(field->value.type.struct_def)) {
+              return true;  // Cycle detected in recursion.
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        struct_def->cycle_status = StructDef::CycleStatus::Checked;
+        return false;  // No cycle detected.
+      };
+
+  for (const auto& struct_def : structs_.vec) {
+    if (visit(struct_def)) {
+      return true;  // Cycle detected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;  // No cycle detected.
+}
+
 bool Parser::SupportsOptionalScalars(const flatbuffers::IDLOptions& opts) {
   static FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR unsigned long supported_langs =
       IDLOptions::kRust | IDLOptions::kSwift | IDLOptions::kLobster |
@@ -2773,7 +2809,8 @@ bool Parser::SupportsOptionalScalars() const {
 bool Parser::SupportsDefaultVectorsAndStrings() const {
   static FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR unsigned long supported_langs =
       IDLOptions::kRust | IDLOptions::kSwift | IDLOptions::kNim |
-      IDLOptions::kCpp | IDLOptions::kBinary | IDLOptions::kJson;
+      IDLOptions::kCpp | IDLOptions::kBinary | IDLOptions::kJson |
+      IDLOptions::kTs;
   return !(opts.lang_to_generate & ~supported_langs);
 }
 
@@ -3135,8 +3172,10 @@ CheckedError Parser::ParseProtoFields(StructDef* struct_def, bool isextend,
             return Error("Protobuf has non positive number in reserved ids");
 
           if (range) {
-            for (voffset_t id = from + 1; id <= attribute; id++)
+            for (uint32_t id = static_cast<uint32_t>(from) + 1;
-              struct_def->reserved_ids.push_back(id);
+                 id <= static_cast<uint32_t>(attribute); id++) {
+              struct_def->reserved_ids.push_back(static_cast<voffset_t>(id));
+            }
 
             range = false;
           } else {
@@ -4093,7 +4132,15 @@ bool StructDef::Deserialize(Parser& parser, const reflection::Object* object) {
   sortbysize = attributes.Lookup("original_order") == nullptr && !fixed;
   const auto& of = *(object->fields());
   auto indexes = std::vector<uoffset_t>(of.size());
-  for (uoffset_t i = 0; i < of.size(); i++) indexes[of.Get(i)->id()] = i;
+  for (uoffset_t i = 0; i < of.size(); i++) {
+  uint16_t field_id = of.Get(i)->id();
+  if (field_id >= of.size()) {
+    parser.error_ = "Field ID " + std::to_string(field_id) + 
+                    " exceeds field count " + std::to_string(of.size());
+    return false;
+  }
+  indexes[field_id] = i;
+}
   size_t tmp_struct_size = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < indexes.size(); i++) {
     auto field = of.Get(indexes[i]);

src/reflection.cpp

@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ static bool VerifyVector(flatbuffers::Verifier& v,
       auto type_vec = table.GetPointer<Vector<uint8_t>*>(vec_field.offset() -
                                                          sizeof(voffset_t));
       if (!v.VerifyVector(type_vec)) return false;
+      if (type_vec->size() != vec->size()) return false;
       for (uoffset_t j = 0; j < vec->size(); j++) {
         //  get union type from the prev field
         auto utype = type_vec->Get(j);
@@ -388,7 +389,7 @@ void ForAllFields(const reflection::Object* object, bool reverse,
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < field_to_id_map.size(); ++i) {
     func(object->fields()->Get(
-        field_to_id_map[reverse ? field_to_id_map.size() - i + 1 : i]));
+        field_to_id_map[reverse ? field_to_id_map.size() - (i + 1) : i]));
   }
 }
 
@@ -640,7 +641,10 @@ const uint8_t* AddFlatBuffer(std::vector<uint8_t>& flatbuf,
                              const uint8_t* newbuf, size_t newlen) {
   // Align to sizeof(uoffset_t) past sizeof(largest_scalar_t) since we're
   // going to chop off the root offset.
+  if (!newbuf || newlen < sizeof(uoffset_t)) return nullptr;
   FLATBUFFERS_ASSERT(newlen >= sizeof(uoffset_t));
+  auto root = ReadScalar<uoffset_t>(newbuf);
+  if (root < sizeof(uoffset_t) || root >= newlen) return nullptr;
   while ((flatbuf.size() & (sizeof(uoffset_t) - 1)) ||
          !(flatbuf.size() & (sizeof(largest_scalar_t) - 1))) {
     flatbuf.push_back(0);
@@ -648,7 +652,7 @@ const uint8_t* AddFlatBuffer(std::vector<uint8_t>& flatbuf,
   auto insertion_point = static_cast<uoffset_t>(flatbuf.size());
   // Insert the entire FlatBuffer minus the root pointer.
   flatbuf.insert(flatbuf.end(), newbuf + sizeof(uoffset_t), newbuf + newlen);
-  auto root_offset = ReadScalar<uoffset_t>(newbuf) - sizeof(uoffset_t);
+  auto root_offset = root - sizeof(uoffset_t);
   return flatbuf.data() + insertion_point + root_offset;
 }
 

swift/BUILD.bazel

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ swift_library(
     name = "swift",
     srcs = glob([
         "Sources/FlatBuffers/*.swift",
-        "Sources/Common/*.swift",
+        "Sources/FlatBuffers/Vectors/*.swift",
+        "Sources/Common/*.swift"
     ]),
     module_name = "FlatBuffers",
     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],

swift/Sources/Common/Scalar.swift

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public let FileIdLength = 4
 /// Protocol that All Scalars should conform to
 ///
 /// Scalar is used to conform all the numbers that can be represented in a FlatBuffer. It's used to write/read from the buffer.
-public protocol Scalar: Equatable {
+public protocol Scalar: Equatable, BitwiseCopyable {
   associatedtype NumericValue
   var convertedEndian: NumericValue { get }
 }

swift/Sources/FlatBuffers/ByteBuffer.swift

@@ -20,22 +20,56 @@ import Foundation
 /// it allows users to write and read data directly from memory thus the use of its
 /// functions should be used
 @frozen
-public struct ByteBuffer {
+public struct ByteBuffer: @unchecked Sendable {
 
   /// Storage is a container that would hold the memory pointer to solve the issue of
   /// deallocating the memory that was held by (memory: UnsafeMutableRawPointer)
   @usableFromInline
   final class Storage {
     @usableFromInline
-    enum Blob {
+    @frozen enum Blob: ~Copyable {
       #if !os(WASI)
       case data(Data)
-      case bytes(ContiguousBytes)
+      case bytes(any ContiguousBytes)
       #endif
 
       case byteBuffer(_InternalByteBuffer)
       case array([UInt8])
       case pointer(UnsafeMutableRawPointer)
+
+      init(_ other: borrowing Blob) {
+        switch other {
+        #if !os(WASI)
+        case .data(let data):
+          self = .data(data)
+        case .bytes(let contiguousBytes):
+          self = .bytes(contiguousBytes)
+        #endif
+        case .byteBuffer(let internalByteBuffer):
+          self = .byteBuffer(internalByteBuffer)
+        case .array(let array):
+          self = .array(array)
+        case .pointer(let unsafeMutableRawPointer):
+          self = .pointer(unsafeMutableRawPointer)
+        }
+      }
+
+      var description: String {
+        switch self {
+        #if !os(WASI)
+        case .data(let data):
+          "data: \(data)"
+        case .bytes(let contiguousBytes):
+          "bytes: \(contiguousBytes)"
+        #endif
+        case .byteBuffer(let internalByteBuffer):
+          "byteBuffer: \(internalByteBuffer)"
+        case .array(let array):
+          "array: \(array)"
+        case .pointer(let unsafeMutableRawPointer):
+          "pointer: \(unsafeMutableRawPointer)"
+        }
+      }
     }
 
     /// This storage doesn't own the memory, therefore, we won't deallocate on deinit.
@@ -44,7 +78,7 @@ public struct ByteBuffer {
     private let capacity: Int
     /// Retained blob of data that requires the storage to retain a pointer to.
     @usableFromInline
-    var retainedBlob: Blob
+    let retainedBlob: Blob
 
     @usableFromInline
     init(count: Int) {
@@ -57,9 +91,9 @@ public struct ByteBuffer {
     }
 
     @usableFromInline
-    init(blob: Blob, capacity count: Int) {
+    init(blob: borrowing Blob, capacity count: Int) {
       capacity = count
-      retainedBlob = blob
+      retainedBlob = .init(blob)
       isOwned = false
     }
 
@@ -150,6 +184,7 @@ public struct ByteBuffer {
 
     @discardableResult
     @inline(__always)
+    @inlinable
     func readWithUnsafeRawPointer<T>(
       position: Int,
       _ body: (UnsafeRawPointer) throws -> T) rethrows -> T
@@ -278,7 +313,7 @@ public struct ByteBuffer {
   ///   - removeBytes: Removes a number of bytes from the current size
   @inline(__always)
   init(
-    blob: Storage.Blob,
+    blob: borrowing Storage.Blob,
     count: Int,
     removing removeBytes: Int)
   {
@@ -318,7 +353,8 @@ public struct ByteBuffer {
   ///   - def: Type of the object
   ///   - position: the index of the object in the buffer
   @inline(__always)
-  public func read<T>(def: T.Type, position: Int) -> T {
+  @inlinable
+  public func read<T: BitwiseCopyable>(def: T.Type, position: Int) -> T {
     _storage.readWithUnsafeRawPointer(position: position) {
       $0.bindMemory(to: T.self, capacity: 1)
         .pointee
@@ -412,7 +448,7 @@ public struct ByteBuffer {
   /// - Parameter removeBytes: the amount of bytes to remove from the current Size
   @inline(__always)
   public func duplicate(removing removeBytes: Int = 0) -> ByteBuffer {
-    assert(removeBytes > 0, "Can NOT remove negative bytes")
+    assert(removeBytes >= 0, "Can NOT remove negative bytes")
     assert(
       removeBytes < capacity,
       "Can NOT remove more bytes than the ones allocated")
@@ -464,8 +500,9 @@ public struct ByteBuffer {
 extension ByteBuffer: CustomDebugStringConvertible {
 
   public var debugDescription: String {
-    """
+    let blobDescription = _storage.retainedBlob.description
-    buffer located at: \(_storage.retainedBlob), 
+    return """
+    buffer located at: \(blobDescription), 
     with capacity of \(capacity),
     { writtenSize: \(_readerIndex), readerSize: \(reader), 
     size: \(size) }

swift/Sources/FlatBuffers/Enum.swift

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import Common
 /// Enum is a protocol that all flatbuffers enums should conform to
 /// Since it allows us to get the actual `ByteSize` and `Value` from
 /// a swift enum.
-public protocol Enum {
+public protocol Enum: Sendable {
   /// associatedtype that the type of the enum should conform to
   associatedtype T: Scalar & Verifiable
   /// Size of the current associatedtype in the enum

swift/Sources/FlatBuffers/FlatBufferBuilder.swift

@@ -45,9 +45,10 @@ public struct FlatBufferBuilder {
   /// Dictonary that stores a map of all the strings that were written to the buffer
   private var stringOffsetMap: [String: Offset] = [:]
   /// A check to see if finish(::) was ever called to retreive data object
-  private var finished = false
+  private(set) var finished = false
   /// A check to see if the buffer should serialize Default values
-  private var serializeDefaults: Bool
+  @usableFromInline
+  let serializeDefaults: Bool
 
   /// Current alignment for the buffer
   var _minAlignment: Int = 0 {
@@ -488,7 +489,7 @@ public struct FlatBufferBuilder {
   ///
   /// - Parameter bytes: bytes to be written into the buffer
   /// - Returns: ``Offset`` of the vector
-  mutating public func createVector(bytes: ContiguousBytes) -> Offset {
+  mutating public func createVector(bytes: any ContiguousBytes) -> Offset {
     bytes.withUnsafeBytes {
       startVector($0.count, elementSize: MemoryLayout<UInt8>.size)
       _bb.push(bytes: $0)
@@ -756,6 +757,7 @@ public struct FlatBufferBuilder {
   ///   - offset: ``Offset`` of another object to be written
   ///   - position: The predefined position of the object
   @inline(__always)
+  @inlinable
   mutating public func add(offset: Offset, at position: VOffset) {
     if offset.isEmpty { return }
     add(element: refer(to: offset.o), def: 0, at: position)
@@ -794,6 +796,7 @@ public struct FlatBufferBuilder {
   ///   - def: Default value for that element
   ///   - position: The predefined position of the element
   @inline(__always)
+  @inlinable
   mutating public func add<T: Scalar>(
     element: T,
     def: T,
@@ -813,6 +816,7 @@ public struct FlatBufferBuilder {
   ///   - element: Optional element of type scalar
   ///   - position: The predefined position of the element
   @inline(__always)
+  @inlinable
   mutating public func add<T: Scalar>(element: T?, at position: VOffset) {
     guard let element = element else { return }
     track(offset: push(element: element), at: position)
@@ -825,6 +829,7 @@ public struct FlatBufferBuilder {
   /// - Parameter element: Element to insert
   /// - returns: position of the Element
   @inline(__always)
+  @inlinable
   @discardableResult
   mutating public func push<T: Scalar>(element: T) -> UOffset {
     let size = MemoryLayout<T>.size
@@ -836,7 +841,8 @@ public struct FlatBufferBuilder {
   }
 
   @inline(__always)
-  public func read<T>(def: T.Type, position: Int) -> T {
+  @inlinable
+  public func read<T: BitwiseCopyable>(def: T.Type, position: Int) -> T {
     _bb.read(def: def, position: position)
   }
 }