allocate immediately required fields (#1)

Reviewed-on: #1
Co-authored-by: Romain BOULLARD <romain.boullard@protonmail.com>

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -238,8 +238,15 @@ set(FlatBuffers_Tests_SRCS
   tests/util_test.cpp
   tests/vector_table_naked_ptr_test.h
   tests/vector_table_naked_ptr_test.cpp
+  tests/test_vector_type.h
+  tests/cpp_vector_type_test.h
+  tests/cpp_vector_type_test.cpp
   tests/native_type_test_impl.h
   tests/native_type_test_impl.cpp
+  tests/bigfoot_ref_test_impl.h
+  tests/bigfoot_ref_test_impl.cpp
+  tests/required_table_default_test.h
+  tests/required_table_default_test.cpp
   tests/alignment_test.h
   tests/alignment_test.cpp
   tests/64bit/offset64_test.h
@@ -548,17 +555,21 @@ if(FLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS)
   # The flattest target needs some generated files
   SET(FLATC_OPT_COMP --cpp --gen-compare --gen-mutable --gen-object-api --reflect-names)
   SET(FLATC_OPT_SCOPED_ENUMS ${FLATC_OPT_COMP};--scoped-enums)
+  SET(FLATC_OPT_CPP_VECTOR_TYPE ${FLATC_OPT_COMP};--cpp-include;test_vector_type.h;--cpp-vector-type;::flatbuffers::tests::CustomVector)
 
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/alignment_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test_fbsh(tests/default_vectors_strings_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/arrays_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_SCOPED_ENUMS}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/native_inline_table_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/native_type_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
+  compile_schema_for_test(tests/bigfoot_ref_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
+  compile_schema_for_test(tests/required_table_default_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/key_field/key_field_sample.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/64bit/test_64bit.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP};--bfbs-gen-embed")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/64bit/evolution/v1.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/64bit/evolution/v2.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_COMP}")
   compile_schema_for_test(tests/union_underlying_type_test.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_SCOPED_ENUMS}")
+  compile_schema_for_test(tests/cpp_vector_type.fbs "${FLATC_OPT_CPP_VECTOR_TYPE}")
 
   if(FLATBUFFERS_CODE_SANITIZE)
     add_fsanitize_to_target(flattests ${FLATBUFFERS_CODE_SANITIZE})

benchmarks/swift/Benchmarks/FlexBuffersBenchmarks/FlexBuffersBenchmarks.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import Benchmark
+import FlexBuffers
+import Foundation
+
+let benchmarks = {
+  let data = {
+    var array = [8888.88, 8888.88]
+    var data = Data()
+    array.withUnsafeBytes { ptr in
+      data.append(contentsOf: ptr)
+    }
+    return data
+  }()
+  let ints: [Int32] = Array(repeating: 42, count: 100)
+  let str10 = (0...9).map { _ -> String in "x" }.joined()
+  let str100 = (0...99).map { _ -> String in "x" }.joined()
+
+  // A representative map: 50 keyed scalars, a keyed string and a keyed vector
+  // of 100 scalars. Used for the realistic decode benchmarks.
+  let mapBuffer: ByteBuffer = {
+    var fbx = FlexBuffersWriter(initialSize: 1 << 16)
+    fbx.map {
+      for i in 0..<50 { $0.add(int: i, key: "i\(i)") }
+      $0.add(string: "hello world", key: "s")
+      $0.vector(key: "v") { v in
+        for x in 0..<100 { v.add(int: x) }
+      }
+    }
+    fbx.finish()
+    return fbx.sizedByteBuffer
+  }()
+
+  let metrics: [BenchmarkMetric] = [
+    .cpuTotal,
+    .wallClock,
+    .mallocCountTotal,
+    .releaseCount,
+    .peakMemoryResident,
+  ]
+  let maxIterations = 1_000_000
+  let maxDuration: Duration = .seconds(3)
+  let megaConfiguration: Benchmark.Configuration = .init(
+    metrics: metrics,
+    warmupIterations: 1,
+    scalingFactor: .mega,
+    maxDuration: maxDuration,
+    maxIterations: maxIterations)
+
+  Benchmark.defaultConfiguration = megaConfiguration
+
+  // Decode (read path)
+
+  // Raw scalar read: isolates `read<T: BitwiseCopyable>` and the `let` blob.
+  Benchmark("Reading Doubles") { benchmark in
+    let byteBuffer = ByteBuffer(data: data)
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      blackHole(byteBuffer.read(def: Double.self, position: 0))
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  // Realistic decode: resolve root map and read a keyed scalar.
+  Benchmark("Decode Map Scalar") { benchmark in
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      let map = try! getRoot(buffer: mapBuffer)!.map!
+      blackHole(map["i25"]?.int)
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  // Realistic decode: resolve root map and read a keyed string.
+  Benchmark("Decode Map String") { benchmark in
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      let map = try! getRoot(buffer: mapBuffer)!.map!
+      blackHole(map["s"]?.string())
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  // Realistic decode: resolve a nested vector and sum its scalars.
+  Benchmark("Decode Vector") { benchmark in
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      let map = try! getRoot(buffer: mapBuffer)!.map!
+      let vector = map["v"]!.vector!
+      var sum: Int64 = 0
+      for i in 0..<vector.count {
+        sum &+= vector[i]?.int ?? 0
+      }
+      blackHole(sum)
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  // Encode (write path)
+  // Writers are reused with `reset(keepingCapacity:)` so per-iteration
+  // allocation does not dominate and mask the write-path cost (which is what
+  // the `@exclusivity(unchecked)` storage pointer affects).
+
+  Benchmark("Strings 10") { benchmark in
+    var fbx = FlexBuffersWriter(initialSize: 1 << 20)
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      fbx.add(string: str10)
+      fbx.finish()
+      blackHole(fbx.sizedByteBuffer)
+      fbx.reset(keepingCapacity: true)
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  Benchmark("Strings 100") { benchmark in
+    var fbx = FlexBuffersWriter(initialSize: 1 << 20)
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      fbx.add(string: str100)
+      fbx.finish()
+      blackHole(fbx.sizedByteBuffer)
+      fbx.reset(keepingCapacity: true)
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  Benchmark("Encoding Vector Of Ints") { benchmark in
+    var fbx = FlexBuffersWriter(initialSize: 1 << 20)
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      fbx.vector {
+        $0.create(vector: ints)
+      }
+      fbx.finish()
+      blackHole(fbx.sizedByteBuffer)
+      fbx.reset(keepingCapacity: true)
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+
+  Benchmark("Encoding Map") { benchmark in
+    var fbx = FlexBuffersWriter(initialSize: 1 << 20)
+    benchmark.startMeasurement()
+    for _ in benchmark.scaledIterations {
+      fbx.map {
+        for i in 0..<50 { $0.add(int: i, key: "i\(i)") }
+        $0.add(string: "hello world", key: "s")
+        $0.vector(key: "v") { v in
+          for x in 0..<100 { v.add(int: x) }
+        }
+      }
+      fbx.finish()
+      blackHole(fbx.sizedByteBuffer)
+      fbx.reset(keepingCapacity: true)
+    }
+    benchmark.stopMeasurement()
+  }
+}

docs/source/flatc.md

@@ -168,6 +168,12 @@ list of `FILES...`.
     std::string from Flatbuffers, but (char* + length). This allows efficient
 	construction of custom string types, including zero-copy construction.
 
+-   `--cpp-vector-type T` : Set object API vector type (default std::vector).
+    T must be a template taking a single element type argument and support
+    resize(), reserve(), size(), data(), operator[], emplace_back() and
+    begin()/end(), matching the subset of std::vector's interface generated
+    code relies on.
+
 -   `--no-cpp-direct-copy` : Don't generate direct copy methods for C++
     object-based API.
 

docs/source/languages/cpp.md

@@ -242,6 +242,42 @@ provide the following functions to aide in the serialization process:
     }
 ```
 
+-   `bigfoot_ref_wrapper("type")` (on a struct) together with `bigfoot_ref("type")`
+    (on a field of that struct type): Bigfoot-specific sugar for a
+    UUID-addressed reference to another native type. `bigfoot_ref_wrapper`
+    marks a struct as a reference-wrapper template (e.g. Bigfoot's
+    `HardReference`/`SoftReference`); `bigfoot_ref` on a field of that type
+    names the referenced native type, e.g. `bigfoot_ref: "::Bigfoot::AssetA"`
+    on a `HardReference`-typed field with `bigfoot_ref_wrapper:
+    "::Bigfoot::HardReference"` produces the field's native type
+    `::Bigfoot::HardReference<::Bigfoot::AssetA>` (auto-deriving a
+    `native_type_pack_name` of `HardReferenceAssetA`, same short-name
+    convention as `native_type_pack_name`). Unlike a hand-written
+    `native_type`, `bigfoot_ref` also emits, directly into the generated
+    header:
+    -   a forward declaration of the referenced type (so the referencing
+        schema's generated header never needs that type's real definition -
+        only the wrapper template's constructor and a `GetUUID()` accessor
+        are used, and those don't require the referenced type to be
+        complete), and
+    -   `inline` `Pack<Name>`/`UnPack<Name>` definitions for it (so no
+        hand-written implementation is required anywhere).
+
+```cpp
+    struct HardReference (bigfoot_ref_wrapper: "::Bigfoot::HardReference") {
+      uuid: UUID;
+    }
+
+    table AssetB {
+      ref_a: HardReference (bigfoot_ref: "::Bigfoot::AssetA");
+    }
+```
+
+    is enough on its own - no forward declaration of `::Bigfoot::AssetA` and
+    no `flatbuffers::Pack/UnPackHardReferenceAssetA` implementation need to
+    be written by hand. `bigfoot_ref` is only valid on fields whose type is a
+    struct (or vector of structs) that declares `bigfoot_ref_wrapper`.
+
 -   `native_type("type")` (on a table): Tables can also be represented with
 native types. For example, the following schema:
 
@@ -337,6 +373,27 @@ constructor in the following format: `custom_str_class(const char *, size_t)`.
 Please note that the character array is not guaranteed to be NULL terminated,
 you should always use the provided size to determine end of string.
 
+## Using different vector type
+
+By default the object tree's vector fields are built out of `std::vector`,
+but you can influence this either globally (using the `--cpp-vector-type`
+argument to `flatc`) or per field using the `cpp_vector_type` attribute, to
+use any other vector-like template type (e.g. `eastl::vector`).
+
+The type must be a template taking a single element type argument
+(`my_vector<T>`), and must support the following member functions:
+`resize()`, `reserve()`, `size()`, `data()`, `operator[]`, `emplace_back()`,
+and `begin()`/`end()`. This matches the subset of `std::vector`'s interface
+that generated code relies on.
+
+Note that unlike `std::vector<bool>`, the custom vector type must not use a
+bit-packed specialization for `bool` elements, since generated code accesses
+`data()` as a contiguous `bool` array.
+
+As with custom string types, the header defining the custom vector type is
+not automatically included; use `--cpp-include` to add the necessary
+`#include`.
+
 ## Reflection (& Resizing)
 
 There is experimental support for reflection in FlatBuffers, allowing you to

grpc/examples/greeter_v2.fbs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+namespace models;
+
+table HelloResponse {
+  message:string;
+}
+
+table HelloRequest {
+  name:string;
+}
+
+rpc_service Greeter {
+  Get(HelloRequest):HelloResponse;
+  Collect(HelloRequest):HelloResponse (streaming: "client");
+  Expand(HelloRequest):HelloResponse (streaming: "server");
+  Update(HelloRequest):HelloResponse (streaming: "bidi");
+}

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Commands/Commands.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import ArgumentParser
+
+let port = 3000
+
+@main
+struct GreeterCommand: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static let configuration = CommandConfiguration(
+    commandName: "greeter",
+    abstract: "A multi-tool to run an echo server and execute RPCs against it.",
+    subcommands: [ServerCommand.self, ClientCommand.self])
+}
+

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Commands/Services/GreeterService.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import FlatBuffers
+import GRPCCore
+import Models
+
+struct GreeterService: models_Greeter.SimpleServiceProtocol {
+  func Get(
+    request: GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+    context: GRPCCore
+      .ServerContext) async throws -> GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>
+  {
+    let model = try request.decode()
+    print("## GreeterService.Get: \(model.message)")
+
+    var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 128)
+    let off = builder.create(string: "Hello \(model.message ?? "Unknown")")
+    let root = models_HelloResponse.createHelloResponse(
+      &builder,
+      messageOffset: off)
+    builder.finish(offset: root)
+    return try GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>(builder: &builder)
+  }
+
+  func Collect(
+    request: GRPCCore.RPCAsyncSequence<
+      GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+      any Swift.Error
+    >,
+    context: GRPCCore
+      .ServerContext) async throws -> GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>
+  {
+    let messages: [String] = try await request
+      .reduce(into: []) { array, message in
+        let model = try message.decode()
+        return array.append(model.message ?? "Unknown")
+      }
+
+    let joined = messages.joined(separator: ", ")
+    print("## GreeterService.Collect: \(joined)")
+
+    var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 128)
+    let off = builder.create(string: "Hello \(joined)")
+    let root = models_HelloResponse.createHelloResponse(
+      &builder,
+      messageOffset: off)
+    builder.finish(offset: root)
+    return try GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>(builder: &builder)
+  }
+
+  func Expand(
+    request: GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+    response: GRPCCore.RPCWriter<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext) async throws
+  {
+
+    let model = try request.decode()
+    print("## GreeterService.Expand: \(model.message)")
+
+    let message = model.message ?? "Unknown"
+    let stream = AsyncThrowingStream<
+      GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+      Error
+    > { continuation in
+      var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 128)
+      for char in message {
+        let off = builder.create(string: "\(char)")
+        let root = models_HelloResponse.createHelloResponse(
+          &builder,
+          messageOffset: off)
+        builder.finish(offset: root)
+
+        do {
+          continuation
+            .yield(try GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>(builder: &builder))
+        } catch {
+          continuation.finish(throwing: error)
+        }
+      }
+
+      continuation.finish()
+    }
+    try await response.write(contentsOf: stream)
+  }
+
+  func Update(
+    request: GRPCCore.RPCAsyncSequence<
+      GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+      any Swift.Error
+    >,
+    response: GRPCCore.RPCWriter<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext) async throws
+  {
+    for try await message in request {
+      let model = try message.decode()
+      print("## GreeterService.Update: \(model.message)")
+      var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 128)
+      let off = builder.create(string: "Hello \(model.message ?? "Unknown")")
+      let root = models_HelloResponse.createHelloResponse(
+        &builder,
+        messageOffset: off)
+      builder.finish(offset: root)
+      try await response
+        .write(try GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>(builder: &builder))
+    }
+  }
+}

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Commands/Subcommands/ClientCommand.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import ArgumentParser
+import FlatBuffers
+import GRPCCore
+import GRPCNIOTransportHTTP2
+import Models
+
+enum ClientRequest: String, ExpressibleByArgument {
+  case get, expand, collect, update
+}
+
+struct ClientCommand: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static let configuration = CommandConfiguration(
+    commandName: "client")
+
+  @Option(help: "Name to send to the server")
+  var name: String
+
+  @Option(help: "request type")
+  var request: ClientRequest
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    try await withGRPCClient(
+      transport: .http2NIOPosix(
+        target: .dns(host: "localhost", port: port),
+        transportSecurity: .plaintext))
+    {
+      let client = models_Greeter.Client(wrapping: $0)
+
+      switch request {
+      case .get: try await get(client: client)
+      case .expand: try await expand(client: client)
+      case .collect: try await collect(client: client)
+      case .update: try await update(client: client)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  func get(
+    client: models_Greeter
+      .Client<HTTP2ClientTransport.Posix>) async throws
+  {
+    for _ in 0..<3 {
+      var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 64)
+      let off = builder.create(string: name)
+      let root = models_HelloRequest.createHelloRequest(
+        &builder,
+        nameOffset: off)
+      builder.finish(offset: root)
+
+      let response = try await client
+        .Get(GRPCMessage(builder: &builder))
+      let message = try? response.decode().message
+      print("get message: \(message ?? "nil")")
+    }
+  }
+
+  func expand(
+    client: models_Greeter
+      .Client<HTTP2ClientTransport.Posix>) async throws
+  {
+    for _ in 0..<3 {
+      var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 64)
+      let off = builder.create(string: name)
+      let root = models_HelloRequest.createHelloRequest(
+        &builder,
+        nameOffset: off)
+      builder.finish(offset: root)
+      try await client.Expand(GRPCMessage(builder: &builder)) { response in
+        for try await message in response.messages {
+          let message = try? message.decode().message
+          print("expand message: \(message ?? "nil")")
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  func collect(
+    client: models_Greeter
+      .Client<HTTP2ClientTransport.Posix>) async throws
+  {
+    for _ in 0..<3 {
+      let response = try await client.Collect { writer in
+        for part in name {
+          print("collect sending: \(part)")
+          var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 64)
+          let off = builder.create(string: String(part))
+          let root = models_HelloRequest.createHelloRequest(
+            &builder,
+            nameOffset: off)
+          builder.finish(offset: root)
+          try await writer.write(GRPCMessage(builder: &builder))
+        }
+      }
+
+      let message = try response.decode().message
+      print("collect message: \(message ?? "nil")")
+    }
+  }
+
+  func update(
+    client: models_Greeter
+      .Client<HTTP2ClientTransport.Posix>) async throws
+  {
+    for _ in 0..<3 {
+      try await client.Update { writer in
+        for part in name {
+          print("update sending: \(part)")
+          var builder = FlatBufferBuilder(initialSize: 64)
+          let off = builder.create(string: String(part))
+          let root = models_HelloRequest.createHelloRequest(
+            &builder,
+            nameOffset: off)
+          builder.finish(offset: root)
+          try await writer.write(GRPCMessage(builder: &builder))
+        }
+      } onResponse: { response in
+        for try await message in response.messages {
+          let message = try message.decode().message
+          print("collect message: \(message ?? "nil")")
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Commands/Subcommands/ServerCommand.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import ArgumentParser
+import GRPCCore
+import GRPCNIOTransportHTTP2
+
+struct ServerCommand: AsyncParsableCommand {
+  static let configuration = CommandConfiguration(
+    commandName: "serve")
+
+  func run() async throws {
+    let server = GRPCServer(
+      transport: .http2NIOPosix(
+        address: .ipv4(host: "127.0.0.1", port: port),
+        transportSecurity: .plaintext),
+      services: [GreeterService()])
+
+    try await withThrowingDiscardingTaskGroup { group in
+      group.addTask { try await server.serve() }
+      if let address = try await server.listeningAddress {
+        print("Echo listening on \(address)")
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Models/greeter_v2.grpc.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+// Generated GRPC code for FlatBuffers swift!
+/// The following code is generated by the Flatbuffers library which might not be in sync with grpc-swift
+/// in case of an issue please open github issue, though it would be maintained
+
+// swiftlint:disable all
+// swiftformat:disable all
+
+#if !os(Windows) && compiler(>=6.0)
+import FlatBuffers
+import Foundation
+import GRPCCore
+import GRPCNIOTransportCore
+
+
+/// Usage: instantiate models.GreeterServiceClient, then call methods of this protocol to make API calls.
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension FlatBuffersMessageSerializer: MessageSerializer {
+  public func serialize<Bytes>(_ message: Message) throws -> Bytes where Bytes : GRPCCore.GRPCContiguousBytes {
+    do {
+      return try self.serialize(message: message) { GRPCNIOTransportBytes($0) } as! Bytes
+    } catch let error {
+      throw RPCError(
+        code: .invalidArgument,
+        message: "Can't serialize message",
+        cause: error
+      )
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer: MessageDeserializer {
+  public func deserialize<Bytes>(_ serializedMessageBytes: Bytes) throws -> Message where Bytes : GRPCCore.GRPCContiguousBytes {
+    do {
+      return try serializedMessageBytes.withUnsafeBytes {
+        try self.deserialize(pointer: $0)
+      }
+    } catch let error {
+      throw RPCError(
+        code: .invalidArgument,
+        message: "Can't Decode message of type \(Message.self)",
+        cause: error
+      )
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+public enum models_Greeter: Sendable {
+  public static let descriptor = GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor(fullyQualifiedService: "models.Greeter")
+  public enum Method: Sendable {
+    public enum Get: Sendable {
+      public typealias Input = FlatBufferBuilder
+      public typealias Output = models_HelloResponse
+      public static let descriptor = GRPCCore.MethodDescriptor(
+        service: GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor(fullyQualifiedService: "models.Greeter"),
+        method: "Get"
+      )
+    }
+    public enum Collect: Sendable {
+      public typealias Input = FlatBufferBuilder
+      public typealias Output = models_HelloResponse
+      public static let descriptor = GRPCCore.MethodDescriptor(
+        service: GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor(fullyQualifiedService: "models.Greeter"),
+        method: "Collect"
+      )
+    }
+    public enum Expand: Sendable {
+      public typealias Input = FlatBufferBuilder
+      public typealias Output = models_HelloResponse
+      public static let descriptor = GRPCCore.MethodDescriptor(
+        service: GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor(fullyQualifiedService: "models.Greeter"),
+        method: "Expand"
+      )
+    }
+    public enum Update: Sendable {
+      public typealias Input = FlatBufferBuilder
+      public typealias Output = models_HelloResponse
+      public static let descriptor = GRPCCore.MethodDescriptor(
+        service: GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor(fullyQualifiedService: "models.Greeter"),
+        method: "Update"
+      )
+    }
+    public static let descriptors: [GRPCCore.MethodDescriptor] = [
+      Get.descriptor,
+      Collect.descriptor,
+      Expand.descriptor,
+      Update.descriptor,
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor {
+  public static let models_Greeter = GRPCCore.ServiceDescriptor(fullyQualifiedService: "models.Greeter")
+}
+
+// MARK: models.Greeter Server
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter {
+  public protocol StreamingServiceProtocol: GRPCCore.RegistrableRPCService {
+    func Get(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+    func Collect(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+    func Expand(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+    func Update(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+  }
+  
+  public protocol ServiceProtocol: models_Greeter.StreamingServiceProtocol {
+    func Get(
+      request: GRPCCore.ServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.ServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+    func Collect(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.ServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+    func Expand(
+      request: GRPCCore.ServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+    func Update(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>
+    
+  }
+  
+  public protocol SimpleServiceProtocol: models_Greeter.ServiceProtocol {
+    func Get(
+      request: GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>
+    
+    func Collect(
+      request: GRPCCore.RPCAsyncSequence<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>, any Swift.Error>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws -> GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>
+    
+    func Expand(
+      request: GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+      response: GRPCCore.RPCWriter<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws
+    
+    func Update(
+      request: GRPCCore.RPCAsyncSequence<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>, any Swift.Error>,
+      response: GRPCCore.RPCWriter<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+    ) async throws
+    
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter.StreamingServiceProtocol {
+  public func registerMethods<Transport>(with router: inout GRPCCore.RPCRouter<Transport>) where Transport: GRPCCore.ServerTransport {
+    router.registerHandler(
+      forMethod: models_Greeter.Method.Get.descriptor,
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      handler: { request, context in
+        try await self.Get(
+          request: request,
+          context: context
+        )
+      }
+    )
+    router.registerHandler(
+      forMethod: models_Greeter.Method.Collect.descriptor,
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      handler: { request, context in
+        try await self.Collect(
+          request: request,
+          context: context
+        )
+      }
+    )
+    router.registerHandler(
+      forMethod: models_Greeter.Method.Expand.descriptor,
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      handler: { request, context in
+        try await self.Expand(
+          request: request,
+          context: context
+        )
+      }
+    )
+    router.registerHandler(
+      forMethod: models_Greeter.Method.Update.descriptor,
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      handler: { request, context in
+        try await self.Update(
+          request: request,
+          context: context
+        )
+      }
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter.ServiceProtocol {
+  public func Get(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    let response = try await self.Get(
+      request: GRPCCore.ServerRequest(stream: request),
+      context: context
+    )
+    return GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse(single: response)
+  }
+  public func Collect(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    let response = try await self.Collect(
+      request: request,
+      context: context
+    )
+    return GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse(single: response)
+  }
+  public func Expand(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    let response = try await self.Expand(
+      request: GRPCCore.ServerRequest(stream: request),
+      context: context
+    )
+    return response
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter.SimpleServiceProtocol {
+  public func Get(
+    request: GRPCCore.ServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.ServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    return GRPCCore.ServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      message: try await self.Get(
+        request: request.message,
+        context: context
+      ),
+      metadata: [:]
+    )
+  }
+  public func Collect(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.ServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    return GRPCCore.ServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      message: try await self.Collect(
+        request: request.messages,
+        context: context
+      ),
+      metadata: [:]
+    )
+  }
+  public func Expand(
+    request: GRPCCore.ServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    return GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      metadata: [:],
+      producer: { writer in
+        try await self.Expand(
+          request: request.message,
+          response: writer,
+          context: context
+        )
+        return [:]
+      }
+    )
+  }
+  public func Update(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingServerRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    context: GRPCCore.ServerContext
+  ) async throws -> GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>> {
+    return GRPCCore.StreamingServerResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      metadata: [:],
+      producer: { writer in
+        try await self.Update(
+          request: request.messages,
+          response: writer,
+          context: context
+        )
+        return [:]
+      }
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+
+// MARK: models.Greeter Client
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter {
+  public protocol ClientProtocol: Sendable {
+    func Get<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable
+    
+    func Collect<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable
+    
+    func Expand<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable
+    
+    func Update<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable
+    
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter {
+  public struct Client<Transport>: ClientProtocol where Transport: GRPCCore.ClientTransport {
+    private let client: GRPCCore.GRPCClient<Transport>
+    
+    public init(wrapping client: GRPCCore.GRPCClient<Transport>) {
+      self.client = client
+    }
+    
+    public func Get<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result = { response in try response.message }
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+      try await self.client.unary(
+        request: request,
+        descriptor: models_Greeter.Method.Get.descriptor,
+        serializer: serializer,
+        deserializer: deserializer,
+        options: options,
+        onResponse: handleResponse
+      )
+    }
+    
+    public func Collect<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result = { response in try response.message }
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+      try await self.client.clientStreaming(
+        request: request,
+        descriptor: models_Greeter.Method.Collect.descriptor,
+        serializer: serializer,
+        deserializer: deserializer,
+        options: options,
+        onResponse: handleResponse
+      )
+    }
+    
+    public func Expand<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+      try await self.client.serverStreaming(
+        request: request,
+        descriptor: models_Greeter.Method.Expand.descriptor,
+        serializer: serializer,
+        deserializer: deserializer,
+        options: options,
+        onResponse: handleResponse
+      )
+    }
+    
+    public func Update<Result>(
+      request: GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      serializer: some GRPCCore.MessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      deserializer: some GRPCCore.MessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+      options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+      onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+    ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+      try await self.client.bidirectionalStreaming(
+        request: request,
+        descriptor: models_Greeter.Method.Update.descriptor,
+        serializer: serializer,
+        deserializer: deserializer,
+        options: options,
+        onResponse: handleResponse
+      )
+    }
+    
+  }
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter.ClientProtocol {
+  public func Get<Result>(
+    request: GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result = { response in try response.message }
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    try await self.Get(
+      request: request,
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+  public func Collect<Result>(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result = { response in try response.message }
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    try await self.Collect(
+      request: request,
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+  public func Expand<Result>(
+    request: GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    try await self.Expand(
+      request: request,
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+  public func Update<Result>(
+    request: GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>,
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    try await self.Update(
+      request: request,
+      serializer: FlatBuffersMessageSerializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      deserializer: FlatBuffersMessageDeserializer<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(),
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+}
+
+@available(macOS 15.0, iOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, tvOS 18.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
+extension models_Greeter.ClientProtocol {
+  public func Get<Result>(
+    _ message: GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+    metadata: GRPCCore.Metadata = [:],
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result = { try $0.message }
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    let request = GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      message: message,
+      metadata: metadata
+    )
+    return try await self.Get(
+      request: request,
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+  public func Collect<Result>(
+    metadata: GRPCCore.Metadata = [:],
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    requestProducer producer: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.RPCWriter<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Void,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.ClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result = { try $0.message }
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    let request = GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      metadata: metadata,
+      producer: producer
+    )
+    return try await self.Collect(
+      request: request,
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+  public func Expand<Result>(
+    _ message: GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>,
+    metadata: GRPCCore.Metadata = [:],
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    let request = GRPCCore.ClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      message: message,
+      metadata: metadata
+    )
+    return try await self.Expand(
+      request: request,
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+  public func Update<Result>(
+    metadata: GRPCCore.Metadata = [:],
+    options: GRPCCore.CallOptions = .defaults,
+    requestProducer producer: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.RPCWriter<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Void,
+    onResponse handleResponse: @Sendable @escaping (GRPCCore.StreamingClientResponse<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>) async throws -> Result
+  ) async throws -> Result where Result: Sendable {
+    let request = GRPCCore.StreamingClientRequest<GRPCMessage<models_HelloResponse>>(
+      metadata: metadata,
+      producer: producer
+    )
+    return try await self.Update(
+      request: request,
+      options: options,
+      onResponse: handleResponse
+    )
+  }
+  
+}
+
+#endif
+

grpc/examples/swift/Greeter/Sources/Models/greeter_v2_generated.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
+// swiftlint:disable all
+// swiftformat:disable all
+
+#if canImport(Common)
+import Common
+#endif
+
+import FlatBuffers
+
+public struct models_HelloResponse: FlatBufferVerifiableTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable {
+
+  static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_12_19() }
+  public var __buffer: ByteBuffer! { return _accessor.bb }
+  private var _accessor: Table
+
+  private init(_ t: Table) { _accessor = t }
+  public init(_ bb: ByteBuffer, o: Int32) { _accessor = Table(bb: bb, position: o) }
+
+  private struct VT {
+    static let message: VOffset = 4
+  }
+
+  public var message: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.message); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
+  public var messageSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VT.message) }
+  public static func startHelloResponse(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) -> UOffset { fbb.startTable(with: 1) }
+  public static func add(message: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: message, at: VT.message) }
+  public static func endHelloResponse(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder, start: UOffset) -> Offset { let end = Offset(offset: fbb.endTable(at: start)); return end }
+  public static func createHelloResponse(
+    _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder,
+    messageOffset message: Offset = Offset()
+  ) -> Offset {
+    let __start = models_HelloResponse.startHelloResponse(&fbb)
+    models_HelloResponse.add(message: message, &fbb)
+    return models_HelloResponse.endHelloResponse(&fbb, start: __start)
+  }
+
+  public static func verify<T>(_ verifier: inout Verifier, at position: Int, of type: T.Type) throws where T: Verifiable {
+    var _v = try verifier.visitTable(at: position)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.message, fieldName: "message", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
+    _v.finish()
+  }
+}
+
+extension models_HelloResponse: Encodable {
+  enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
+    case message = "message"
+  }
+
+  public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
+    var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
+    try container.encodeIfPresent(message, forKey: .message)
+  }
+}
+
+public struct models_HelloRequest: FlatBufferVerifiableTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable {
+
+  static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_12_19() }
+  public var __buffer: ByteBuffer! { return _accessor.bb }
+  private var _accessor: Table
+
+  private init(_ t: Table) { _accessor = t }
+  public init(_ bb: ByteBuffer, o: Int32) { _accessor = Table(bb: bb, position: o) }
+
+  private struct VT {
+    static let name: VOffset = 4
+  }
+
+  public var name: String? { let o = _accessor.offset(VT.name); return o == 0 ? nil : _accessor.string(at: o) }
+  public var nameSegmentArray: [UInt8]? { return _accessor.getVector(at: VT.name) }
+  public static func startHelloRequest(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) -> UOffset { fbb.startTable(with: 1) }
+  public static func add(name: Offset, _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) { fbb.add(offset: name, at: VT.name) }
+  public static func endHelloRequest(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder, start: UOffset) -> Offset { let end = Offset(offset: fbb.endTable(at: start)); return end }
+  public static func createHelloRequest(
+    _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder,
+    nameOffset name: Offset = Offset()
+  ) -> Offset {
+    let __start = models_HelloRequest.startHelloRequest(&fbb)
+    models_HelloRequest.add(name: name, &fbb)
+    return models_HelloRequest.endHelloRequest(&fbb, start: __start)
+  }
+
+  public static func verify<T>(_ verifier: inout Verifier, at position: Int, of type: T.Type) throws where T: Verifiable {
+    var _v = try verifier.visitTable(at: position)
+    try _v.visit(field: VT.name, fieldName: "name", required: false, type: ForwardOffset<String>.self)
+    _v.finish()
+  }
+}
+
+extension models_HelloRequest: Encodable {
+  enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
+    case name = "name"
+  }
+
+  public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
+    var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
+    try container.encodeIfPresent(name, forKey: .name)
+  }
+}
+

include/flatbuffers/base.h

@@ -142,6 +142,19 @@
 #define FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MAJOR 25
 #define FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MINOR 12
 #define FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_REVISION 19
+
+// Identifies this header as Bigfoot's fork of flatbuffers, and versions the
+// fork's own generated-code-affecting changes independently of the upstream
+// FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_* triplet above (which just tracks the upstream
+// version this fork is based on, and would still match an unforked, stock
+// flatbuffers install of the same version). Generated headers assert on
+// this - see GenFlatbuffersVersionCheck() in idl_gen_cpp.cpp - so building
+// Bigfoot-generated code against stock flatbuffers, or a differently
+// versioned Bigfoot fork, fails to compile immediately instead of silently
+// miscompiling. Bump this whenever a change here affects what generated
+// code assumes about this header (e.g. adding bigfoot_ref/bigfoot_ref_wrapper).
+#define FLATBUFFERS_BIGFOOT_VERSION 1
+
 #define FLATBUFFERS_STRING_EXPAND(X) #X
 #define FLATBUFFERS_STRING(X) FLATBUFFERS_STRING_EXPAND(X)
 namespace flatbuffers {

include/flatbuffers/idl.h

@@ -677,6 +677,7 @@ struct IDLOptions {
   std::string cpp_object_api_pointer_type;
   std::string cpp_object_api_string_type;
   bool cpp_object_api_string_flexible_constructor;
+  std::string cpp_object_api_vector_type;
   CaseStyle cpp_object_api_field_case_style;
   bool cpp_direct_copy;
   bool gen_nullable;
@@ -1012,10 +1013,13 @@ class Parser : public ParserState {
     known_attributes_["cpp_ptr_type_get"] = true;
     known_attributes_["cpp_str_type"] = true;
     known_attributes_["cpp_str_flex_ctor"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["cpp_vector_type"] = true;
     known_attributes_["native_inline"] = true;
     known_attributes_["native_custom_alloc"] = true;
     known_attributes_["native_type"] = true;
     known_attributes_["native_type_pack_name"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["bigfoot_ref_wrapper"] = true;
+    known_attributes_["bigfoot_ref"] = true;
     known_attributes_["native_default"] = true;
     known_attributes_["flexbuffer"] = true;
     known_attributes_["private"] = true;

pnpm-workspace.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  - tests/ts

scripts/generate_code.py

@@ -251,6 +251,21 @@ flatc(
     schema="vector_table_naked_ptr.fbs",
 )
 
+flatc(
+    [
+        "--cpp",
+        "--gen-compare",
+        "--gen-mutable",
+        "--gen-object-api",
+        "--reflect-names",
+        "--cpp-include",
+        "test_vector_type.h",
+        "--cpp-vector-type",
+        "::flatbuffers::tests::CustomVector",
+    ],
+    schema="cpp_vector_type.fbs",
+)
+
 flatc(
     BASE_OPTS + CPP_OPTS + CS_OPTS + JAVA_OPTS + KOTLIN_OPTS + PHP_OPTS,
     prefix="union_vector",

src/flatc.cpp

@@ -145,6 +145,12 @@ const static FlatCOption flatc_options[] = {
     {"", "cpp-str-flex-ctor", "",
      "Don't construct custom string types by passing std::string from "
      "Flatbuffers, but (char* + length)."},
+    {"", "cpp-vector-type", "T",
+     "Set object API vector type (default std::vector). T must be a "
+     "template taking a single element type argument and support "
+     "resize(), reserve(), size(), data(), operator[], emplace_back(), and "
+     "begin()/end(). The custom type also needs its own header to be "
+     "included via --cpp-include."},
     {"", "cpp-field-case-style", "STYLE",
      "Generate C++ fields using selected case style. Supported STYLE values: * "
      "'unchanged' - leave unchanged (default) * 'upper' - schema snake_case "
@@ -545,6 +551,9 @@ FlatCOptions FlatCompiler::ParseFromCommandLineArguments(int argc,
         opts.cpp_object_api_string_type = argv[argi];
       } else if (arg == "--cpp-str-flex-ctor") {
         opts.cpp_object_api_string_flexible_constructor = true;
+      } else if (arg == "--cpp-vector-type") {
+        if (++argi >= argc) Error("missing type following: " + arg, true);
+        opts.cpp_object_api_vector_type = argv[argi];
       } else if (arg == "--no-cpp-direct-copy") {
         opts.cpp_direct_copy = false;
       } else if (arg == "--cpp-field-case-style") {

src/idl_gen_cpp.cpp

@@ -257,6 +257,19 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     code_ += "              FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_REVISION == " +
              std::to_string(FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_REVISION) + ",";
     code_ += "             \"Non-compatible flatbuffers version included\");";
+
+    code_ += "// Ensure the included flatbuffers.h is Bigfoot's fork - stock";
+    code_ += "// flatbuffers (or a differently versioned Bigfoot fork) is not compatible.";
+    code_ += "#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_BIGFOOT_VERSION";
+    code_ +=
+        "#error \"This file requires Bigfoot's flatbuffers fork - stock "
+        "flatbuffers is not compatible\"";
+    code_ += "#endif";
+    code_ += "static_assert(FLATBUFFERS_BIGFOOT_VERSION == " +
+             std::to_string(FLATBUFFERS_BIGFOOT_VERSION) + ",";
+    code_ +=
+        "             \"Non-compatible Bigfoot flatbuffers fork version "
+        "included\");";
   }
 
   void GenIncludeDependencies() {
@@ -529,6 +542,8 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       code_ += "";
     }
 
+    GenerateBigfootRefForwardDecls();
+
     // Generate preablmle code for mini reflection.
     if (opts_.mini_reflect != IDLOptions::kNone) {
       // To break cyclic dependencies, first pre-declare all tables/structs.
@@ -758,6 +773,8 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
 
     if (cur_name_space_) SetNameSpace(nullptr);
 
+    GenerateBigfootRefImpls();
+
     // Close the include guard.
     code_ += "#endif  // " + include_guard;
 
@@ -892,6 +909,24 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     return opts_.gen_nullable ? " _Nullable " : "";
   }
 
+  // A field's `native_type`/`native_type_pack_name` normally come from the
+  // referenced struct's own declaration. A field can override both (see
+  // `bigfoot_ref` in idl_parser.cpp, which synthesizes these two attributes
+  // directly on the field) to instantiate a templated native type
+  // differently per field.
+  static const Value* EffectiveNativeType(const FieldDef& field,
+                                          const StructDef& struct_def) {
+    if (const auto v = field.attributes.Lookup("native_type")) return v;
+    return struct_def.attributes.Lookup("native_type");
+  }
+
+  static const Value* EffectiveNativeTypePackName(const FieldDef& field,
+                                                   const StructDef& struct_def) {
+    if (const auto v = field.attributes.Lookup("native_type_pack_name"))
+      return v;
+    return struct_def.attributes.Lookup("native_type_pack_name");
+  }
+
   static std::string NativeName(const std::string& name, const StructDef* sd,
                                 const IDLOptions& opts) {
     // If the table is a native_type, return the native_type name.
@@ -937,6 +972,23 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
                       "std::string";  // Only for custom string types.
   }
 
+  const std::string NativeVectorType(const FieldDef* field) {
+    auto attr = field ? field->attributes.Lookup("cpp_vector_type") : nullptr;
+    auto& ret = attr ? attr->constant : opts_.cpp_object_api_vector_type;
+    if (ret.empty()) {
+      return "std::vector";
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  // True if this field's native vector uses a custom (non-std::vector)
+  // container, meaning generated Pack() code can't rely on the std::vector
+  // specific CreateVector*() overloads and must fall back to data()/size()
+  // or per-element construction instead.
+  bool UsesCustomVectorType(const FieldDef* field) {
+    return NativeVectorType(field) != "std::vector";
+  }
+
   std::string GenTypeNativePtr(const std::string& type, const FieldDef* field,
                                bool is_constructor) {
     auto& ptr_type = PtrType(field);
@@ -974,20 +1026,21 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       case BASE_TYPE_VECTOR64:
       case BASE_TYPE_VECTOR: {
         const auto type_name = GenTypeNative(type.VectorType(), true, field);
-        if (type.struct_def &&
+        const auto vector_type = NativeVectorType(&field);
+        if (vector_type == "std::vector" && type.struct_def &&
             type.struct_def->attributes.Lookup("native_custom_alloc")) {
           auto native_custom_alloc =
               type.struct_def->attributes.Lookup("native_custom_alloc");
           return "std::vector<" + type_name + "," +
                  native_custom_alloc->constant + "<" + type_name + ">>";
         } else {
-          return "std::vector<" + type_name + ">";
+          return vector_type + "<" + type_name + ">";
         }
       }
       case BASE_TYPE_STRUCT: {
         auto type_name = WrapInNameSpace(*type.struct_def);
         if (IsStruct(type)) {
-          auto native_type = type.struct_def->attributes.Lookup("native_type");
+          auto native_type = EffectiveNativeType(field, *type.struct_def);
           if (native_type) {
             type_name = native_type->constant;
           }
@@ -1979,7 +2032,7 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       const std::string& full_type =
           (cpp_type
                ? (IsVector(field.value.type)
-                      ? "std::vector<" +
+                      ? NativeVectorType(&field) + "<" +
                             GenTypeNativePtr(cpp_type->constant, &field,
                                              false) +
                             "> "
@@ -1996,8 +2049,19 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
               " = " + (native_default ? std::string(native_default->constant)
                                       : GetDefaultScalarValue(field, true));
         } else if (field.value.type.base_type == BASE_TYPE_STRUCT) {
-          if (IsStruct(field.value.type) && native_default) {
-            field_di = " = " + native_default->constant;
+          if (IsStruct(field.value.type)) {
+            if (native_default) {
+              field_di = " = " + native_default->constant;
+            }
+          } else if (!cpp_type && !field.native_inline && field.IsRequired() &&
+                     PtrType(&field) != "naked") {
+            // A required table field can never legally be absent once
+            // Verify()/Pack() succeed, so default-construct it here instead
+            // of leaving every hand-written native constructor to remember
+            // to allocate it before the first Pack().
+            const auto nn = WrapNativeNameInNameSpace(
+                *field.value.type.struct_def, opts_);
+            field_di = "{new " + nn + "()}";
           }
         }
       }
@@ -3515,11 +3579,11 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       }
       case BASE_TYPE_STRUCT: {
         if (IsStruct(type)) {
-          const auto& struct_attrs = type.struct_def->attributes;
-          const auto native_type = struct_attrs.Lookup("native_type");
+          const auto native_type = EffectiveNativeType(afield, *type.struct_def);
           if (native_type) {
             std::string unpack_call = "::flatbuffers::UnPack";
-            const auto pack_name = struct_attrs.Lookup("native_type_pack_name");
+            const auto pack_name =
+                EffectiveNativeTypePackName(afield, *type.struct_def);
             if (pack_name) {
               unpack_call += pack_name->constant;
             }
@@ -3772,13 +3836,22 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       case BASE_TYPE_VECTOR64:
       case BASE_TYPE_VECTOR: {
         auto vector_type = field.value.type.VectorType();
+        // If the field's native container isn't std::vector, the
+        // std::vector-specific CreateVector*() overloads in
+        // flatbuffer_builder.h can't be used directly. Fall back to
+        // data()/size()-based overloads (which only require the container to
+        // support those, like std::vector does) or, where no such overload
+        // exists, to the same per-element lambda serialization already used
+        // above for custom string/table/union element types.
+        const bool custom_vector = UsesCustomVectorType(&field);
         switch (vector_type.base_type) {
           case BASE_TYPE_STRING: {
-            if (NativeString(&field) == "std::string") {
+            if (!custom_vector && NativeString(&field) == "std::string") {
               code += "_fbb.CreateVectorOfStrings(" + value + ")";
             } else {
               // Use by-function serialization to emulate
-              // CreateVectorOfStrings(); this works also with non-std strings.
+              // CreateVectorOfStrings(); this works also with non-std strings
+              // and non-std::vector vector types.
               code +=
                   "_fbb.CreateVector<::flatbuffers::Offset<::flatbuffers::"
                   "String>>"
@@ -3793,20 +3866,37 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
           }
           case BASE_TYPE_STRUCT: {
             if (IsStruct(vector_type)) {
-              const auto& struct_attrs =
-                  field.value.type.struct_def->attributes;
-              const auto native_type = struct_attrs.Lookup("native_type");
+              const auto native_type =
+                  EffectiveNativeType(field, *field.value.type.struct_def);
               if (native_type) {
                 code += "_fbb.CreateVectorOfNativeStructs<";
                 code += WrapInNameSpace(*vector_type.struct_def) + ", " +
                         native_type->constant + ">";
-                code += "(" + value;
-                const auto pack_name =
-                    struct_attrs.Lookup("native_type_pack_name");
+                if (custom_vector) {
+                  code += "(" + value + ".data(), " + value + ".size()";
+                } else {
+                  code += "(" + value;
+                }
+                const auto pack_name = EffectiveNativeTypePackName(
+                    field, *field.value.type.struct_def);
                 if (pack_name) {
                   code += ", ::flatbuffers::Pack" + pack_name->constant;
                 }
                 code += ")";
+              } else if (custom_vector &&
+                         (field.value.type.base_type == BASE_TYPE_VECTOR64 ||
+                          field.offset64)) {
+                // CreateVectorOfStructs64() (and CreateVectorOfStructs64<V>()
+                // for offset64) only accept a std::vector; use the
+                // equivalent explicit-template raw pointer overload instead.
+                const auto struct_type = WrapInNameSpace(*vector_type.struct_def);
+                const auto vector_t = field.value.type.base_type ==
+                                              BASE_TYPE_VECTOR64
+                                          ? "::flatbuffers::Vector64"
+                                          : "::flatbuffers::Vector";
+                code += "_fbb.CreateVectorOfStructs<" + struct_type +
+                        ", ::flatbuffers::Offset64, " + vector_t + ">(" +
+                        value + ".data(), " + value + ".size())";
               } else {
                 // If the field uses 64-bit addressing, create a 64-bit vector.
                 if (field.value.type.base_type == BASE_TYPE_VECTOR64) {
@@ -3818,7 +3908,11 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
                     code += "64<::flatbuffers::Vector>";
                   }
                 }
-                code += "(" + value + ")";
+                if (custom_vector) {
+                  code += "(" + value + ".data(), " + value + ".size())";
+                } else {
+                  code += "(" + value + ")";
+                }
               }
             } else {
               code += "_fbb.CreateVector<::flatbuffers::Offset<";
@@ -3837,7 +3931,17 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
             break;
           }
           case BASE_TYPE_BOOL: {
-            code += "_fbb.CreateVector(" + value + ")";
+            if (custom_vector) {
+              // Vectors of bool are always stored on the wire as uint8_t
+              // (there is no Vector<bool>); CreateVectorScalarCast() does
+              // the per-element bool->uint8_t cast from a raw data()/size()
+              // pointer pair, avoiding any dependency on std::vector<bool>'s
+              // bit-packed specialization.
+              code += "_fbb.CreateVectorScalarCast<uint8_t>(" + value +
+                      ".data(), " + value + ".size())";
+            } else {
+              code += "_fbb.CreateVector(" + value + ")";
+            }
             break;
           }
           case BASE_TYPE_UNION: {
@@ -3873,9 +3977,11 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
               // the underlying storage type (eg. uint8_t).
               const auto basetype = GenTypeBasic(
                   field.value.type.enum_def->underlying_type, false);
-              code += "_fbb.CreateVectorScalarCast<" + basetype +
-                      ">(::flatbuffers::data(" + value + "), " + value +
-                      ".size())";
+              const std::string data_ptr =
+                  custom_vector ? value + ".data()"
+                                : "::flatbuffers::data(" + value + ")";
+              code += "_fbb.CreateVectorScalarCast<" + basetype + ">(" +
+                      data_ptr + ", " + value + ".size())";
             } else if (field.attributes.Lookup("cpp_type")) {
               auto type = GenTypeBasic(vector_type, false);
               code += "_fbb.CreateVector<" + type + ">(" + value + ".size(), ";
@@ -3884,6 +3990,27 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
               code += "static_cast<" + type + ">((*__va->__rehasher)";
               code += "(__va->_" + value + "[i]" + GenPtrGet(field) + ")) : 0";
               code += "; }, &_va )";
+            } else if (custom_vector) {
+              // Explicitly specify the element type so it can be deduced
+              // from a raw data()/size() pointer pair instead of relying on
+              // the std::vector<T, Alloc>-specific CreateVector overloads.
+              // Use the user-facing type (matches what GenTypeNative()
+              // stores in the native vector, e.g. the enum type itself for
+              // scoped-enum fields) so it matches data()'s pointee type.
+              auto type = GenTypeBasic(vector_type, true);
+              if (field.value.type.base_type == BASE_TYPE_VECTOR64) {
+                code += "_fbb.CreateVector<" + type +
+                        ", ::flatbuffers::Offset64, ::flatbuffers::Vector64>(" +
+                        value + ".data(), " + value + ".size())";
+              } else if (field.offset64) {
+                // This is normal 32-bit vector, with 64-bit addressing.
+                code += "_fbb.CreateVector<" + type +
+                        ", ::flatbuffers::Offset64, ::flatbuffers::Vector>(" +
+                        value + ".data(), " + value + ".size())";
+              } else {
+                code += "_fbb.CreateVector(" + value + ".data(), " + value +
+                        ".size())";
+              }
             } else {
               // If the field uses 64-bit addressing, create a 64-bit vector.
               if (field.value.type.base_type == BASE_TYPE_VECTOR64) {
@@ -3917,12 +4044,12 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
       }
       case BASE_TYPE_STRUCT: {
         if (IsStruct(field.value.type)) {
-          const auto& struct_attribs = field.value.type.struct_def->attributes;
-          const auto native_type = struct_attribs.Lookup("native_type");
+          const auto native_type =
+              EffectiveNativeType(field, *field.value.type.struct_def);
           if (native_type && field.native_inline) {
             code += "::flatbuffers::Pack";
             const auto pack_name =
-                struct_attribs.Lookup("native_type_pack_name");
+                EffectiveNativeTypePackName(field, *field.value.type.struct_def);
             if (pack_name) {
               code += pack_name->constant;
             }
@@ -4087,8 +4214,7 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
           if (field->value.type.base_type == BASE_TYPE_STRUCT) {
             if (IsStruct(field->value.type)) {
               auto native_type =
-                  field->value.type.struct_def->attributes.Lookup(
-                      "native_type");
+                  EffectiveNativeType(*field, *field->value.type.struct_def);
               auto native_inline = field->attributes.Lookup("native_inline");
               if (native_type) {
                 pass_by_address = true;
@@ -4443,6 +4569,141 @@ class CppGenerator : public BaseGenerator {
     }
   }
 
+  // Split a "::"-qualified C++ name into namespace components + final name.
+  static std::vector<std::string> SplitQualifiedName(const std::string& qualified) {
+    std::vector<std::string> parts;
+    size_t start = qualified.compare(0, 2, "::") == 0 ? 2 : 0;
+    for (;;) {
+      const auto pos = qualified.find("::", start);
+      if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+        parts.push_back(qualified.substr(start));
+        break;
+      }
+      parts.push_back(qualified.substr(start, pos - start));
+      start = pos + 2;
+    }
+    return parts;
+  }
+
+  // Bigfoot: for every field annotated `bigfoot_ref: "::Ns::AssetX"` (see
+  // idl_parser.cpp), forward-declare AssetX plus prototype the Pack/UnPack
+  // functions for its reference wrapper. Called early (alongside the
+  // regular struct/table forward declarations), since these prototypes -
+  // unlike their definitions in GenerateBigfootRefImpls() - only need
+  // AssetX and the wrapper struct forward-declared, not complete.
+  void GenerateBigfootRefForwardDecls() {
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> declared_assets;
+    for (const auto& struct_def : parser_.structs_.vec) {
+      if (struct_def->generated) continue;
+      for (const auto& field : struct_def->fields.vec) {
+        const auto* bigfoot_ref = field->attributes.Lookup("bigfoot_ref");
+        if (!bigfoot_ref) continue;
+        if (!declared_assets.insert(bigfoot_ref->constant).second) continue;
+
+        auto parts = SplitQualifiedName(bigfoot_ref->constant);
+        const std::string class_name = parts.back();
+        parts.pop_back();
+
+        SetNameSpace(nullptr);
+        for (const auto& ns_part : parts) code_ += "namespace " + ns_part + " {";
+        code_ += "class " + class_name + ";";
+        for (auto it = parts.rbegin(); it != parts.rend(); ++it)
+          code_ += "}  // namespace " + *it;
+        code_ += "";
+      }
+    }
+
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> declared_pairs;
+    bool opened_flatbuffers_ns = false;
+    for (const auto& struct_def : parser_.structs_.vec) {
+      if (struct_def->generated) continue;
+      for (const auto& field : struct_def->fields.vec) {
+        const auto* bigfoot_ref = field->attributes.Lookup("bigfoot_ref");
+        if (!bigfoot_ref) continue;
+
+        const auto* pack_name = field->attributes.Lookup("native_type_pack_name");
+        if (!declared_pairs.insert(pack_name->constant).second) continue;
+
+        if (!opened_flatbuffers_ns) {
+          SetNameSpace(nullptr);
+          code_ += "namespace flatbuffers {";
+          opened_flatbuffers_ns = true;
+        }
+
+        const auto* native_type = field->attributes.Lookup("native_type");
+        const std::string flat_wrapper =
+            WrapInNameSpace(*field->value.type.struct_def);
+
+        code_ += flat_wrapper + " Pack" + pack_name->constant +
+                 "(const " + native_type->constant + "& p_asset);";
+        code_ += native_type->constant + " UnPack" + pack_name->constant +
+                 "(const " + flat_wrapper + "& p_asset);";
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (opened_flatbuffers_ns) {
+      code_ += "}  // namespace flatbuffers";
+      code_ += "";
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Bigfoot: defines the Pack/UnPack functions prototyped by
+  // GenerateBigfootRefForwardDecls(). Called late (after every struct/table
+  // in this file has been fully defined), since a wrapper struct (e.g.
+  // HardReference/SoftReference) may be defined in this same generated file
+  // rather than one it includes, and these definitions construct it by
+  // value - they need it complete, unlike the earlier prototypes.
+  void GenerateBigfootRefImpls() {
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> declared_pairs;
+    bool opened_flatbuffers_ns = false;
+    for (const auto& struct_def : parser_.structs_.vec) {
+      if (struct_def->generated) continue;
+      for (const auto& field : struct_def->fields.vec) {
+        const auto* bigfoot_ref = field->attributes.Lookup("bigfoot_ref");
+        if (!bigfoot_ref) continue;
+
+        const auto* pack_name = field->attributes.Lookup("native_type_pack_name");
+        if (!declared_pairs.insert(pack_name->constant).second) continue;
+
+        if (!opened_flatbuffers_ns) {
+          SetNameSpace(nullptr);
+          code_ += "namespace flatbuffers {";
+          opened_flatbuffers_ns = true;
+        }
+
+        const auto* native_type = field->attributes.Lookup("native_type");
+        const std::string flat_wrapper =
+            WrapInNameSpace(*field->value.type.struct_def);
+
+        // A single translation unit can end up including two different
+        // generated headers that both reference the same asset type (e.g.
+        // AssetB references AssetA, and some other TU includes both
+        // AssetA_generated.hpp and AssetB_generated.hpp directly) - each
+        // would otherwise emit an identical, independent definition of these
+        // functions. `inline` only allows identical definitions to repeat
+        // across *different* translation units, not twice within the same
+        // one, so guard against that with a plain macro guard.
+        std::string guard_name = pack_name->constant;
+        std::transform(guard_name.begin(), guard_name.end(), guard_name.begin(), CharToUpper);
+        const std::string guard = "FLATBUFFERS_BIGFOOT_REF_" + guard_name;
+        code_ += "#ifndef " + guard;
+        code_ += "#define " + guard;
+        code_ += "inline " + flat_wrapper + " Pack" + pack_name->constant +
+                 "(const " + native_type->constant +
+                 "& p_asset) { return {Pack(p_asset.GetUUID())}; }";
+        code_ += "inline " + native_type->constant + " UnPack" +
+                 pack_name->constant + "(const " + flat_wrapper +
+                 "& p_asset) { return {UnPack(p_asset.uuid())}; }";
+        code_ += "#endif  // " + guard;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (opened_flatbuffers_ns) {
+      code_ += "}  // namespace flatbuffers";
+      code_ += "";
+    }
+  }
+
   // Set up the correct namespace. Only open a namespace if the existing one is
   // different (closing/opening only what is necessary).
   //

src/idl_parser.cpp

@@ -1286,6 +1286,55 @@ CheckedError Parser::ParseField(StructDef& struct_def) {
         "'native_inline' can only be defined on structs, vector of structs or "
         "vector of tables");
 
+  // `bigfoot_ref` is Bigfoot's single-purpose replacement for the old,
+  // general-purpose `native_type_template`/`native_type_template_arg` pair:
+  // a field typed as a `bigfoot_ref_wrapper`-tagged struct (HardReference or
+  // SoftReference) and annotated `bigfoot_ref: "::Bigfoot::AssetX"` gets its
+  // native type instantiated as `<wrapper><::Bigfoot::AssetX>`, plus (unlike
+  // the old mechanism) a forward declaration of AssetX and inline Pack/UnPack
+  // definitions are emitted directly into the generated header - see
+  // GenerateBigfootRefDecls in idl_gen_cpp.cpp.
+  auto bigfoot_ref = field->attributes.Lookup("bigfoot_ref");
+  if (bigfoot_ref) {
+    if (!IsStruct(field->value.type) && !IsVectorOfStruct(field->value.type))
+      return Error(
+          "'bigfoot_ref' can only be defined on struct-typed fields or "
+          "vectors of structs");
+    const auto* target_struct = field->value.type.struct_def;
+    const auto* wrapper = target_struct->attributes.Lookup("bigfoot_ref_wrapper");
+    if (!wrapper)
+      return Error(
+          "'bigfoot_ref' requires the field's type ('" + target_struct->name +
+          "') to declare a 'bigfoot_ref_wrapper' attribute");
+    if (field->attributes.Lookup("native_type"))
+      return Error(
+          "'bigfoot_ref' cannot be combined with an explicit 'native_type' "
+          "on the same field");
+
+    const auto b = bigfoot_ref->constant.find_first_not_of(" \t");
+    const auto e = bigfoot_ref->constant.find_last_not_of(" \t");
+    const std::string asset_type =
+        b == std::string::npos ? "" : bigfoot_ref->constant.substr(b, e - b + 1);
+    if (asset_type.empty())
+      return Error("'bigfoot_ref' cannot be empty");
+
+    auto native_type_val = new Value();
+    native_type_val->type = bigfoot_ref->type;
+    native_type_val->constant = wrapper->constant + "<" + asset_type + ">";
+    field->attributes.Add("native_type", native_type_val);
+
+    if (!field->attributes.Lookup("native_type_pack_name")) {
+      const auto last_colon = asset_type.find_last_of(':');
+      const std::string asset_short_name =
+          last_colon == std::string::npos ? asset_type
+                                          : asset_type.substr(last_colon + 1);
+      auto pack_name_val = new Value();
+      pack_name_val->type = bigfoot_ref->type;
+      pack_name_val->constant = target_struct->name + asset_short_name;
+      field->attributes.Add("native_type_pack_name", pack_name_val);
+    }
+  }
+
   auto nested = field->attributes.Lookup("nested_flatbuffer");
   if (nested) {
     if (nested->type.base_type != BASE_TYPE_STRING)

tests/BUILD.bazel

@@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ cc_test(
         "vector_table_naked_ptr/vector_table_naked_ptr_generated.h",
         "vector_table_naked_ptr_test.h",
         "vector_table_naked_ptr_test.cpp",
+        "test_vector_type.h",
+        "cpp_vector_type_test.h",
+        "cpp_vector_type_test.cpp",
     ],
     copts = [
         "-DFLATBUFFERS_TRACK_VERIFIER_BUFFER_SIZE",
@@ -136,6 +139,7 @@ cc_test(
     deps = [
         ":alignment_test_cc_fbs",
         ":arrays_test_cc_fbs",
+        ":cpp_vector_type_cc_fbs",
         ":default_vectors_strings_test_cc_fbs",
         ":monster_extra_cc_fbs",
         ":monster_test_cc_fbs",
@@ -271,6 +275,19 @@ flatbuffer_cc_library(
     ],
 )
 
+flatbuffer_cc_library(
+    name = "cpp_vector_type_cc_fbs",
+    srcs = ["cpp_vector_type.fbs"],
+    flatc_args = [
+        "--gen-compare",
+        "--gen-mutable",
+        "--gen-object-api",
+        "--reflect-names",
+        "--cpp-include test_vector_type.h",
+        "--cpp-vector-type ::flatbuffers::tests::CustomVector",
+    ],
+)
+
 flatbuffer_cc_library(
     name = "alignment_test_cc_fbs",
     srcs = ["alignment_test.fbs"],

tests/MyGame/Example/LargeArrayStruct.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//  automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
+// </auto-generated>
+
+namespace MyGame.Example
+{
+
+using global::System;
+using global::System.Collections.Generic;
+using global::Google.FlatBuffers;
+
+public struct LargeArrayStruct : IFlatbufferObject
+{
+  private Struct __p;
+  public ByteBuffer ByteBuffer { get { return __p.bb; } }
+  public void __init(int _i, ByteBuffer _bb) { __p = new Struct(_i, _bb); }
+  public LargeArrayStruct __assign(int _i, ByteBuffer _bb) { __init(_i, _bb); return this; }
+
+  public byte D(int j) { return __p.bb.Get(__p.bb_pos + 0 + j * 1); }
+  public const int DLength = 64;
+#if ENABLE_SPAN_T
+  public Span<byte> GetDBytes() { return __p.bb.ToSpan(__p.bb_pos + 0, 64); }
+#else
+  public ArraySegment<byte>? GetDBytes() { return __p.bb.ToArraySegment(__p.bb_pos + 0, 64);}
+#endif
+  public void MutateD(int j, byte d) { __p.bb.Put(__p.bb_pos + 0 + j * 1, d); }
+  public float E(int j) { return __p.bb.GetFloat(__p.bb_pos + 64 + j * 4); }
+  public const int ELength = 64;
+#if ENABLE_SPAN_T
+  public Span<float> GetEBytes() { return System.Runtime.InteropServices.MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, float>(__p.bb.ToSpan(__p.bb_pos + 64, 256)); }
+#else
+  public ArraySegment<byte>? GetEBytes() { return __p.bb.ToArraySegment(__p.bb_pos + 64, 256);}
+#endif
+  public void MutateE(int j, float e) { __p.bb.PutFloat(__p.bb_pos + 64 + j * 4, e); }
+  public bool F(int j) { return 0!=__p.bb.Get(__p.bb_pos + 320 + j * 1); }
+  public const int FLength = 64;
+#if ENABLE_SPAN_T
+  public Span<bool> GetFBytes() { return System.Runtime.InteropServices.MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, bool>(__p.bb.ToSpan(__p.bb_pos + 320, 64)); }
+#else
+  public ArraySegment<byte>? GetFBytes() { return __p.bb.ToArraySegment(__p.bb_pos + 320, 64);}
+#endif
+  public void MutateF(int j, bool f) { __p.bb.Put(__p.bb_pos + 320 + j * 1, (byte)(f ? 1 : 0)); }
+  public MyGame.Example.NestedStruct G(int j) { return (new MyGame.Example.NestedStruct()).__assign(__p.bb_pos + 384 + j * 32, __p.bb); }
+  public MyGame.Example.TestEnum H(int j) { return (MyGame.Example.TestEnum)__p.bb.GetSbyte(__p.bb_pos + 2432 + j * 1); }
+  public const int HLength = 64;
+#if ENABLE_SPAN_T
+  public Span<MyGame.Example.TestEnum> GetHBytes() { return System.Runtime.InteropServices.MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, MyGame.Example.TestEnum>(__p.bb.ToSpan(__p.bb_pos + 2432, 64)); }
+#else
+  public ArraySegment<byte>? GetHBytes() { return __p.bb.ToArraySegment(__p.bb_pos + 2432, 64);}
+#endif
+  public void MutateH(int j, MyGame.Example.TestEnum h) { __p.bb.PutSbyte(__p.bb_pos + 2432 + j * 1, (sbyte)h); }
+
+  public static Offset<MyGame.Example.LargeArrayStruct> CreateLargeArrayStruct(FlatBufferBuilder builder, byte[] D, float[] E, bool[] F, int[,] g_A, MyGame.Example.TestEnum[] g_B, MyGame.Example.TestEnum[,] g_C, long[,] g_D, MyGame.Example.TestEnum[] H) {
+    builder.Prep(8, 2496);
+    for (int _idx0 = 64; _idx0 > 0; _idx0--) {
+      builder.PutSbyte((sbyte)H[_idx0-1]);
+    }
+    for (int _idx0 = 64; _idx0 > 0; _idx0--) {
+      builder.Prep(8, 32);
+      for (int _idx1 = 2; _idx1 > 0; _idx1--) {
+        builder.PutLong(g_D[_idx0-1,_idx1-1]);
+      }
+      builder.Pad(5);
+      for (int _idx1 = 2; _idx1 > 0; _idx1--) {
+        builder.PutSbyte((sbyte)g_C[_idx0-1,_idx1-1]);
+      }
+      builder.PutSbyte((sbyte)g_B[_idx0-1]);
+      for (int _idx1 = 2; _idx1 > 0; _idx1--) {
+        builder.PutInt(g_A[_idx0-1,_idx1-1]);
+      }
+    }
+    for (int _idx0 = 64; _idx0 > 0; _idx0--) {
+      builder.PutBool(F[_idx0-1]);
+    }
+    for (int _idx0 = 64; _idx0 > 0; _idx0--) {
+      builder.PutFloat(E[_idx0-1]);
+    }
+    for (int _idx0 = 64; _idx0 > 0; _idx0--) {
+      builder.PutByte(D[_idx0-1]);
+    }
+    return new Offset<MyGame.Example.LargeArrayStruct>(builder.Offset);
+  }
+  public LargeArrayStructT UnPack() {
+    var _o = new LargeArrayStructT();
+    this.UnPackTo(_o);
+    return _o;
+  }
+  public void UnPackTo(LargeArrayStructT _o) {
+    _o.D = new byte[64];
+    for (var _j = 0; _j < 64; ++_j) { _o.D[_j] = this.D(_j); }
+    _o.E = new float[64];
+    for (var _j = 0; _j < 64; ++_j) { _o.E[_j] = this.E(_j); }
+    _o.F = new bool[64];
+    for (var _j = 0; _j < 64; ++_j) { _o.F[_j] = this.F(_j); }
+    _o.G = new MyGame.Example.NestedStructT[64];
+    for (var _j = 0; _j < 64; ++_j) { _o.G[_j] = this.G(_j).UnPack(); }
+    _o.H = new MyGame.Example.TestEnum[64];
+    for (var _j = 0; _j < 64; ++_j) { _o.H[_j] = this.H(_j); }
+  }
+  public static Offset<MyGame.Example.LargeArrayStruct> Pack(FlatBufferBuilder builder, LargeArrayStructT _o) {
+    if (_o == null) return default(Offset<MyGame.Example.LargeArrayStruct>);
+    var _d = _o.D;
+    var _e = _o.E;
+    var _f = _o.F;
+    var _g_a = new int[64,2];
+    for (var idx0 = 0; idx0 < 64; ++idx0) {for (var idx1 = 0; idx1 < 2; ++idx1) {_g_a[idx0,idx1] = _o.G[idx0].A[idx1];}}
+    var _g_b = new MyGame.Example.TestEnum[64];
+    for (var idx0 = 0; idx0 < 64; ++idx0) {_g_b[idx0] = _o.G[idx0].B;}
+    var _g_c = new MyGame.Example.TestEnum[64,2];
+    for (var idx0 = 0; idx0 < 64; ++idx0) {for (var idx1 = 0; idx1 < 2; ++idx1) {_g_c[idx0,idx1] = _o.G[idx0].C[idx1];}}
+    var _g_d = new long[64,2];
+    for (var idx0 = 0; idx0 < 64; ++idx0) {for (var idx1 = 0; idx1 < 2; ++idx1) {_g_d[idx0,idx1] = _o.G[idx0].D[idx1];}}
+    var _h = _o.H;
+    return CreateLargeArrayStruct(
+      builder,
+      _d,
+      _e,
+      _f,
+      _g_a,
+      _g_b,
+      _g_c,
+      _g_d,
+      _h);
+  }
+}
+
+public class LargeArrayStructT
+{
+  [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty("d")]
+  public byte[] D { get; set; }
+  [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty("e")]
+  public float[] E { get; set; }
+  [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty("f")]
+  public bool[] F { get; set; }
+  [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty("g")]
+  public MyGame.Example.NestedStructT[] G { get; set; }
+  [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty("h")]
+  public MyGame.Example.TestEnum[] H { get; set; }
+
+  public LargeArrayStructT() {
+    this.D = new byte[64];
+    this.E = new float[64];
+    this.F = new bool[64];
+    this.G = new MyGame.Example.NestedStructT[64];
+    this.H = new MyGame.Example.TestEnum[64];
+  }
+}
+
+
+}

tests/MyGame/Example/LargeArrayStruct.java

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
+
+package MyGame.Example;
+
+import com.google.flatbuffers.BaseVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.BooleanVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.ByteVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.Constants;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.DoubleVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.FlatBufferBuilder;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.FloatVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.IntVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.LongVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.ShortVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.StringVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.Struct;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.UnionVector;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@SuppressWarnings("unused")
+public final class LargeArrayStruct extends Struct {
+  public void __init(int _i, ByteBuffer _bb) { __reset(_i, _bb); }
+  public LargeArrayStruct __assign(int _i, ByteBuffer _bb) { __init(_i, _bb); return this; }
+
+  public int d(int j) { return bb.get(bb_pos + 0 + j * 1); }
+  public void mutateD(int j, int d) { bb.put(bb_pos + 0 + j * 1, (byte) d); }
+  public float e(int j) { return bb.getFloat(bb_pos + 64 + j * 4); }
+  public void mutateE(int j, float e) { bb.putFloat(bb_pos + 64 + j * 4, e); }
+  public boolean f(int j) { return 0!=bb.get(bb_pos + 320 + j * 1); }
+  public void mutateF(int j, boolean f) { bb.put(bb_pos + 320 + j * 1, (byte)(f ? 1 : 0)); }
+  public MyGame.Example.NestedStruct g(int j) { return g(new MyGame.Example.NestedStruct(), j); }
+  public MyGame.Example.NestedStruct g(MyGame.Example.NestedStruct obj, int j) { return obj.__assign(bb_pos + 384 + j * 32, bb); }
+  public byte h(int j) { return bb.get(bb_pos + 2432 + j * 1); }
+  public void mutateH(int j, byte h) { bb.put(bb_pos + 2432 + j * 1, h); }
+
+  public static int createLargeArrayStruct(FlatBufferBuilder builder, int[] d, float[] e, boolean[] f, int[][] g_a, byte[] g_b, byte[][] g_c, long[][] g_d, byte[] h) {
+    builder.prep(8, 2496);
+    for (int _idx0 = 64; _idx0 > 0; _idx0--) {
+      builder.putByte(h[_idx0-1]);
+    }
+    for (int _idx0 = 64; _idx0 > 0; _idx0--) {
+      builder.prep(8, 32);
+      for (int _idx1 = 2; _idx1 > 0; _idx1--) {
+        builder.putLong(g_d[_idx0-1][_idx1-1]);
+      }
+      builder.pad(5);
+      for (int _idx1 = 2; _idx1 > 0; _idx1--) {
+        builder.putByte(g_c[_idx0-1][_idx1-1]);
+      }
+      builder.putByte(g_b[_idx0-1]);
+      for (int _idx1 = 2; _idx1 > 0; _idx1--) {
+        builder.putInt(g_a[_idx0-1][_idx1-1]);
+      }
+    }
+    for (int _idx0 = 64; _idx0 > 0; _idx0--) {
+      builder.putBoolean(f[_idx0-1]);
+    }
+    for (int _idx0 = 64; _idx0 > 0; _idx0--) {
+      builder.putFloat(e[_idx0-1]);
+    }
+    for (int _idx0 = 64; _idx0 > 0; _idx0--) {
+      builder.putByte((byte) d[_idx0-1]);
+    }
+    return builder.offset();
+  }
+
+  public static final class Vector extends BaseVector {
+    public Vector __assign(int _vector, int _element_size, ByteBuffer _bb) { __reset(_vector, _element_size, _bb); return this; }
+
+    public LargeArrayStruct get(int j) { return get(new LargeArrayStruct(), j); }
+    public LargeArrayStruct get(LargeArrayStruct obj, int j) {  return obj.__assign(__element(j), bb); }
+  }
+  public LargeArrayStructT unpack() {
+    LargeArrayStructT _o = new LargeArrayStructT();
+    unpackTo(_o);
+    return _o;
+  }
+  public void unpackTo(LargeArrayStructT _o) {
+    int[] _oD = _o.getD();
+    for (int _j = 0; _j < 64; ++_j) { _oD[_j] = d(_j); }
+    float[] _oE = _o.getE();
+    for (int _j = 0; _j < 64; ++_j) { _oE[_j] = e(_j); }
+    boolean[] _oF = _o.getF();
+    for (int _j = 0; _j < 64; ++_j) { _oF[_j] = f(_j); }
+    MyGame.Example.NestedStructT[] _oG = _o.getG();
+    for (int _j = 0; _j < 64; ++_j) { _oG[_j] = g(_j).unpack(); }
+    byte[] _oH = _o.getH();
+    for (int _j = 0; _j < 64; ++_j) { _oH[_j] = h(_j); }
+  }
+  public static int pack(FlatBufferBuilder builder, LargeArrayStructT _o) {
+    if (_o == null) return 0;
+    int[] _d = _o.getD();
+    float[] _e = _o.getE();
+    boolean[] _f = _o.getF();
+    int[][] _g_a = new int[64][2];
+    for (int idx0 = 0; idx0 < 64; ++idx0) {for (int idx1 = 0; idx1 < 2; ++idx1) {_g_a[idx0][idx1] = _o.getG()[idx0].getA()[idx1];}}
+    byte[] _g_b = new byte[64];
+    for (int idx0 = 0; idx0 < 64; ++idx0) {_g_b[idx0] = _o.getG()[idx0].getB();}
+    byte[][] _g_c = new byte[64][2];
+    for (int idx0 = 0; idx0 < 64; ++idx0) {for (int idx1 = 0; idx1 < 2; ++idx1) {_g_c[idx0][idx1] = _o.getG()[idx0].getC()[idx1];}}
+    long[][] _g_d = new long[64][2];
+    for (int idx0 = 0; idx0 < 64; ++idx0) {for (int idx1 = 0; idx1 < 2; ++idx1) {_g_d[idx0][idx1] = _o.getG()[idx0].getD()[idx1];}}
+    byte[] _h = _o.getH();
+    return createLargeArrayStruct(
+      builder,
+      _d,
+      _e,
+      _f,
+      _g_a,
+      _g_b,
+      _g_c,
+      _g_d,
+      _h);
+  }
+}
+

tests/MyGame/Example/LargeArrayStruct.py

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+# automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
+
+# namespace: Example
+
+import flatbuffers
+from flatbuffers.compat import import_numpy
+from typing import Any
+from MyGame.Example.NestedStruct import NestedStruct
+np = import_numpy()
+
+class LargeArrayStruct(object):
+    __slots__ = ['_tab']
+
+    @classmethod
+    def SizeOf(cls) -> int:
+        return 2496
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def Init(self, buf: bytes, pos: int):
+        self._tab = flatbuffers.table.Table(buf, pos)
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def D(self, j = None):
+        if j is None:
+            return [self._tab.Get(flatbuffers.number_types.Uint8Flags, self._tab.Pos + flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(0 + i * 1)) for i in range(self.DLength())]
+        elif j >= 0 and j < self.DLength():
+            return self._tab.Get(flatbuffers.number_types.Uint8Flags, self._tab.Pos + flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(0 + j * 1))
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def DAsNumpy(self):
+        return self._tab.GetArrayAsNumpy(flatbuffers.number_types.Uint8Flags, self._tab.Pos + 0, self.DLength())
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def DLength(self) -> int:
+        return 64
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def DIsNone(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def E(self, j = None):
+        if j is None:
+            return [self._tab.Get(flatbuffers.number_types.Float32Flags, self._tab.Pos + flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(64 + i * 4)) for i in range(self.ELength())]
+        elif j >= 0 and j < self.ELength():
+            return self._tab.Get(flatbuffers.number_types.Float32Flags, self._tab.Pos + flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(64 + j * 4))
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def EAsNumpy(self):
+        return self._tab.GetArrayAsNumpy(flatbuffers.number_types.Float32Flags, self._tab.Pos + 64, self.ELength())
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def ELength(self) -> int:
+        return 64
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def EIsNone(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def F(self, j = None):
+        if j is None:
+            return [self._tab.Get(flatbuffers.number_types.BoolFlags, self._tab.Pos + flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(320 + i * 1)) for i in range(self.FLength())]
+        elif j >= 0 and j < self.FLength():
+            return self._tab.Get(flatbuffers.number_types.BoolFlags, self._tab.Pos + flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(320 + j * 1))
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def FAsNumpy(self):
+        return self._tab.GetArrayAsNumpy(flatbuffers.number_types.BoolFlags, self._tab.Pos + 320, self.FLength())
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def FLength(self) -> int:
+        return 64
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def FIsNone(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def G(self, i: int) -> NestedStruct:
+        obj = NestedStruct()
+        obj.Init(self._tab.Bytes, self._tab.Pos + 384 + i * 32)
+        return obj
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def GLength(self) -> int:
+        return 64
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def GIsNone(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def H(self, j = None):
+        if j is None:
+            return [self._tab.Get(flatbuffers.number_types.Int8Flags, self._tab.Pos + flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(2432 + i * 1)) for i in range(self.HLength())]
+        elif j >= 0 and j < self.HLength():
+            return self._tab.Get(flatbuffers.number_types.Int8Flags, self._tab.Pos + flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(2432 + j * 1))
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def HAsNumpy(self):
+        return self._tab.GetArrayAsNumpy(flatbuffers.number_types.Int8Flags, self._tab.Pos + 2432, self.HLength())
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def HLength(self) -> int:
+        return 64
+
+    # LargeArrayStruct
+    def HIsNone(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+
+def CreateLargeArrayStruct(builder, d, e, f, g_a, g_b, g_c, g_d, h):
+    builder.Prep(8, 2496)
+    for _idx0 in range(64 , 0, -1):
+        builder.PrependInt8(h[_idx0-1])
+    for _idx0 in range(64 , 0, -1):
+        builder.Prep(8, 32)
+        for _idx1 in range(2 , 0, -1):
+            builder.PrependInt64(g_d[_idx0-1][_idx1-1])
+        builder.Pad(5)
+        for _idx1 in range(2 , 0, -1):
+            builder.PrependInt8(g_c[_idx0-1][_idx1-1])
+        builder.PrependInt8(g_b[_idx0-1])
+        for _idx1 in range(2 , 0, -1):
+            builder.PrependInt32(g_a[_idx0-1][_idx1-1])
+    for _idx0 in range(64 , 0, -1):
+        builder.PrependBool(f[_idx0-1])
+    for _idx0 in range(64 , 0, -1):
+        builder.PrependFloat32(e[_idx0-1])
+    for _idx0 in range(64 , 0, -1):
+        builder.PrependUint8(d[_idx0-1])
+    return builder.Offset()
+
+import MyGame.Example.NestedStruct
+try:
+    from typing import List
+except:
+    pass
+
+class LargeArrayStructT(object):
+
+    # LargeArrayStructT
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        d = None,
+        e = None,
+        f = None,
+        g = None,
+        h = None,
+    ):
+        self.d = d  # type: Optional[List[int]]
+        self.e = e  # type: Optional[List[float]]
+        self.f = f  # type: Optional[List[bool]]
+        self.g = g  # type: Optional[List[MyGame.Example.NestedStruct.NestedStructT]]
+        self.h = h  # type: Optional[List[int]]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def InitFromBuf(cls, buf, pos):
+        largeArrayStruct = LargeArrayStruct()
+        largeArrayStruct.Init(buf, pos)
+        return cls.InitFromObj(largeArrayStruct)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def InitFromPackedBuf(cls, buf, pos=0):
+        n = flatbuffers.encode.Get(flatbuffers.packer.uoffset, buf, pos)
+        return cls.InitFromBuf(buf, pos+n)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def InitFromObj(cls, largeArrayStruct):
+        x = LargeArrayStructT()
+        x._UnPack(largeArrayStruct)
+        return x
+
+    # LargeArrayStructT
+    def _UnPack(self, largeArrayStruct):
+        if largeArrayStruct is None:
+            return
+        if not largeArrayStruct.DIsNone():
+            if np is None:
+                self.d = []
+                for i in range(largeArrayStruct.DLength()):
+                    self.d.append(largeArrayStruct.D(i))
+            else:
+                self.d = largeArrayStruct.DAsNumpy()
+        if not largeArrayStruct.EIsNone():
+            if np is None:
+                self.e = []
+                for i in range(largeArrayStruct.ELength()):
+                    self.e.append(largeArrayStruct.E(i))
+            else:
+                self.e = largeArrayStruct.EAsNumpy()
+        if not largeArrayStruct.FIsNone():
+            if np is None:
+                self.f = []
+                for i in range(largeArrayStruct.FLength()):
+                    self.f.append(largeArrayStruct.F(i))
+            else:
+                self.f = largeArrayStruct.FAsNumpy()
+        if not largeArrayStruct.GIsNone():
+            self.g = []
+            for i in range(largeArrayStruct.GLength()):
+                if largeArrayStruct.G(i) is None:
+                    self.g.append(None)
+                else:
+                    nestedStruct_ = MyGame.Example.NestedStruct.NestedStructT.InitFromObj(largeArrayStruct.G(i))
+                    self.g.append(nestedStruct_)
+        if not largeArrayStruct.HIsNone():
+            if np is None:
+                self.h = []
+                for i in range(largeArrayStruct.HLength()):
+                    self.h.append(largeArrayStruct.H(i))
+            else:
+                self.h = largeArrayStruct.HAsNumpy()
+
+    # LargeArrayStructT
+    def Pack(self, builder):
+        return CreateLargeArrayStruct(builder, self.d, self.e, self.f, self.g.a, self.g.b, self.g.c, self.g.d, self.h)

tests/MyGame/Example/LargeArrayStruct.pyi

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import flatbuffers
+import numpy as np
+
+import typing
+from MyGame.Example.NestedStruct import NestedStruct, NestedStructT
+from MyGame.Example.TestEnum import TestEnum
+
+uoffset: typing.TypeAlias = flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type
+
+class LargeArrayStruct(object):
+  @classmethod
+  def SizeOf(cls) -> int: ...
+
+  def Init(self, buf: bytes, pos: int) -> None: ...
+  def D(self, i: int) -> typing.List[int]: ...
+  def DAsNumpy(self) -> np.ndarray: ...
+  def DLength(self) -> int: ...
+  def DIsNone(self) -> bool: ...
+  def E(self, i: int) -> typing.List[float]: ...
+  def EAsNumpy(self) -> np.ndarray: ...
+  def ELength(self) -> int: ...
+  def EIsNone(self) -> bool: ...
+  def F(self, i: int) -> typing.List[bool]: ...
+  def FAsNumpy(self) -> np.ndarray: ...
+  def FLength(self) -> int: ...
+  def FIsNone(self) -> bool: ...
+  def G(self, i: int) -> NestedStruct | None: ...
+  def GLength(self) -> int: ...
+  def GIsNone(self) -> bool: ...
+  def H(self, i: int) -> typing.Literal[TestEnum.A, TestEnum.B, TestEnum.C]: ...
+  def HAsNumpy(self) -> np.ndarray: ...
+  def HLength(self) -> int: ...
+  def HIsNone(self) -> bool: ...
+class LargeArrayStructT(object):
+  d: typing.List[int]
+  e: typing.List[float]
+  f: typing.List[bool]
+  g: typing.List[NestedStructT]
+  h: typing.List[typing.Literal[TestEnum.A, TestEnum.B, TestEnum.C]]
+  def __init__(
+    self,
+    d: typing.List[int] | None = ...,
+    e: typing.List[float] | None = ...,
+    f: typing.List[bool] | None = ...,
+    g: typing.List['NestedStructT'] | None = ...,
+    h: typing.List[typing.Literal[TestEnum.A, TestEnum.B, TestEnum.C]] | None = ...,
+  ) -> None: ...
+  @classmethod
+  def InitFromBuf(cls, buf: bytes, pos: int) -> LargeArrayStructT: ...
+  @classmethod
+  def InitFromPackedBuf(cls, buf: bytes, pos: int = 0) -> LargeArrayStructT: ...
+  @classmethod
+  def InitFromObj(cls, largeArrayStruct: LargeArrayStruct) -> LargeArrayStructT: ...
+  def _UnPack(self, largeArrayStruct: LargeArrayStruct) -> None: ...
+  def Pack(self, builder: flatbuffers.Builder) -> None: ...
+
+def CreateLargeArrayStruct(builder: flatbuffers.Builder, d: int, e: float, f: bool, g_a: int, g_b: typing.Literal[TestEnum.A, TestEnum.B, TestEnum.C], g_c: typing.Literal[TestEnum.A, TestEnum.B, TestEnum.C], g_d: int, h: typing.Literal[TestEnum.A, TestEnum.B, TestEnum.C]) -> uoffset: ...
+

tests/MyGame/Example/LargeArrayStructT.java

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
+
+package MyGame.Example;
+
+import com.google.flatbuffers.BaseVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.BooleanVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.ByteVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.Constants;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.DoubleVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.FlatBufferBuilder;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.FloatVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.IntVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.LongVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.ShortVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.StringVector;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.Struct;
+import com.google.flatbuffers.UnionVector;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+public class LargeArrayStructT {
+  private int[] d;
+  private float[] e;
+  private boolean[] f;
+  private MyGame.Example.NestedStructT[] g;
+  private byte[] h;
+
+  public int[] getD() { return d; }
+
+  public void setD(int[] d) { if (d != null && d.length == 64) this.d = d; }
+
+  public float[] getE() { return e; }
+
+  public void setE(float[] e) { if (e != null && e.length == 64) this.e = e; }
+
+  public boolean[] getF() { return f; }
+
+  public void setF(boolean[] f) { if (f != null && f.length == 64) this.f = f; }
+
+  public MyGame.Example.NestedStructT[] getG() { return g; }
+
+  public void setG(MyGame.Example.NestedStructT[] g) { if (g != null && g.length == 64) this.g = g; }
+
+  public byte[] getH() { return h; }
+
+  public void setH(byte[] h) { if (h != null && h.length == 64) this.h = h; }
+
+
+  public LargeArrayStructT() {
+    this.d = new int[64];
+    this.e = new float[64];
+    this.f = new boolean[64];
+    this.g = new MyGame.Example.NestedStructT[64];
+    this.h = new byte[64];
+  }
+}
+

tests/arrays_test/arrays_test_generated.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,921 @@
+// automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
+// @generated
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+#[allow(unused_imports, dead_code)]
+pub mod my_game {
+
+extern crate alloc;
+#[allow(unused_imports, dead_code)]
+pub mod example {
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+#[deprecated(since = "2.0.0", note = "Use associated constants instead. This will no longer be generated in 2021.")]
+pub const ENUM_MIN_TEST_ENUM: i8 = 0;
+#[deprecated(since = "2.0.0", note = "Use associated constants instead. This will no longer be generated in 2021.")]
+pub const ENUM_MAX_TEST_ENUM: i8 = 2;
+#[deprecated(since = "2.0.0", note = "Use associated constants instead. This will no longer be generated in 2021.")]
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+pub const ENUM_VALUES_TEST_ENUM: [TestEnum; 3] = [
+  TestEnum::A,
+  TestEnum::B,
+  TestEnum::C,
+];
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Default)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct TestEnum(pub i8);
+#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+impl TestEnum {
+  pub const A: Self = Self(0);
+  pub const B: Self = Self(1);
+  pub const C: Self = Self(2);
+
+  pub const ENUM_MIN: i8 = 0;
+  pub const ENUM_MAX: i8 = 2;
+  pub const ENUM_VALUES: &'static [Self] = &[
+    Self::A,
+    Self::B,
+    Self::C,
+  ];
+  /// Returns the variant's name or "" if unknown.
+  pub fn variant_name(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    match self {
+      Self::A => Some("A"),
+      Self::B => Some("B"),
+      Self::C => Some("C"),
+      _ => None,
+    }
+  }
+}
+impl ::core::fmt::Debug for TestEnum {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+    if let Some(name) = self.variant_name() {
+      f.write_str(name)
+    } else {
+      f.write_fmt(format_args!("<UNKNOWN {:?}>", self.0))
+    }
+  }
+}
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for TestEnum {
+  type Inner = Self;
+  #[inline]
+  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    let b = unsafe { ::flatbuffers::read_scalar_at::<i8>(buf, loc) };
+    Self(b)
+  }
+}
+
+impl ::flatbuffers::Push for TestEnum {
+    type Output = TestEnum;
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn push(&self, dst: &mut [u8], _written_len: usize) {
+        unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar::<i8>(dst, self.0) };
+    }
+}
+
+impl ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar for TestEnum {
+  type Scalar = i8;
+  #[inline]
+  fn to_little_endian(self) -> i8 {
+    self.0.to_le()
+  }
+  #[inline]
+  #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
+  fn from_little_endian(v: i8) -> Self {
+    let b = i8::from_le(v);
+    Self(b)
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for TestEnum {
+  #[inline]
+  fn run_verifier(
+    v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+  ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    i8::run_verifier(v, pos)
+  }
+}
+
+impl ::flatbuffers::SimpleToVerifyInSlice for TestEnum {}
+// struct NestedStruct, aligned to 8
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub struct NestedStruct(pub [u8; 32]);
+impl Default for NestedStruct { 
+  fn default() -> Self { 
+    Self([0; 32])
+  }
+}
+impl ::core::fmt::Debug for NestedStruct {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+    f.debug_struct("NestedStruct")
+      .field("a", &self.a())
+      .field("b", &self.b())
+      .field("c", &self.c())
+      .field("d", &self.d())
+      .finish()
+  }
+}
+
+impl ::flatbuffers::SimpleToVerifyInSlice for NestedStruct {}
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for NestedStruct {
+  type Inner = &'a NestedStruct;
+  #[inline]
+  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    unsafe { <&'a NestedStruct>::follow(buf, loc) }
+  }
+}
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for &'a NestedStruct {
+  type Inner = &'a NestedStruct;
+  #[inline]
+  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::follow_cast_ref::<NestedStruct>(buf, loc) }
+  }
+}
+impl<'b> ::flatbuffers::Push for NestedStruct {
+    type Output = NestedStruct;
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn push(&self, dst: &mut [u8], _written_len: usize) {
+        let src = unsafe { ::core::slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const NestedStruct as *const u8, <Self as ::flatbuffers::Push>::size()) };
+        dst.copy_from_slice(src);
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn alignment() -> ::flatbuffers::PushAlignment {
+        ::flatbuffers::PushAlignment::new(8)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for NestedStruct {
+  #[inline]
+  fn run_verifier(
+    v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+  ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    v.in_buffer::<Self>(pos)
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'a> NestedStruct {
+  #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+  pub fn new(
+    a: &[i32; 2],
+    b: TestEnum,
+    c: &[TestEnum; 2],
+    d: &[i64; 2],
+  ) -> Self {
+    let mut s = Self([0; 32]);
+    s.set_a(a);
+    s.set_b(b);
+    s.set_c(c);
+    s.set_d(d);
+    s
+  }
+
+  pub fn a(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, i32, 2> {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 0) }
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_a(&mut self, items: &[i32; 2]) {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar_array(&mut self.0, 0, items) };
+  }
+
+  pub fn b(&self) -> TestEnum {
+    let mut mem = ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::<<TestEnum as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>::uninit();
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+    ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::from_little_endian(unsafe {
+      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+        self.0[8..].as_ptr(),
+        mem.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
+        ::core::mem::size_of::<<TestEnum as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+      );
+      mem.assume_init()
+    })
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_b(&mut self, x: TestEnum) {
+    let x_le = ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::to_little_endian(x);
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+    unsafe {
+      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+        &x_le as *const _ as *const u8,
+        self.0[8..].as_mut_ptr(),
+        ::core::mem::size_of::<<TestEnum as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn c(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, TestEnum, 2> {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 9) }
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_c(&mut self, x: &[TestEnum; 2]) {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    unsafe {
+      ::core::ptr::copy(
+        x.as_ptr() as *const u8,
+        self.0.as_mut_ptr().add(9),
+        2,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn d(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, i64, 2> {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 16) }
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_d(&mut self, items: &[i64; 2]) {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar_array(&mut self.0, 16, items) };
+  }
+
+  pub fn unpack(&self) -> NestedStructT {
+    NestedStructT {
+      a: self.a().into(),
+      b: self.b(),
+      c: self.c().into(),
+      d: self.d().into(),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct NestedStructT {
+  pub a: [i32; 2],
+  pub b: TestEnum,
+  pub c: [TestEnum; 2],
+  pub d: [i64; 2],
+}
+impl Default for NestedStructT {
+  fn default() -> Self {
+    Self {
+      a: [0; 2],
+      b: TestEnum::A,
+      c: ::flatbuffers::array_init(|_| Default::default()),
+      d: [0; 2],
+    }
+  }
+}
+impl NestedStructT {
+  pub fn pack(&self) -> NestedStruct {
+    NestedStruct::new(
+      &self.a,
+      self.b,
+      &self.c,
+      &self.d,
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+// struct ArrayStruct, aligned to 8
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ArrayStruct(pub [u8; 160]);
+impl Default for ArrayStruct { 
+  fn default() -> Self { 
+    Self([0; 160])
+  }
+}
+impl ::core::fmt::Debug for ArrayStruct {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+    f.debug_struct("ArrayStruct")
+      .field("a", &self.a())
+      .field("b", &self.b())
+      .field("c", &self.c())
+      .field("d", &self.d())
+      .field("e", &self.e())
+      .field("f", &self.f())
+      .finish()
+  }
+}
+
+impl ::flatbuffers::SimpleToVerifyInSlice for ArrayStruct {}
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for ArrayStruct {
+  type Inner = &'a ArrayStruct;
+  #[inline]
+  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    unsafe { <&'a ArrayStruct>::follow(buf, loc) }
+  }
+}
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for &'a ArrayStruct {
+  type Inner = &'a ArrayStruct;
+  #[inline]
+  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::follow_cast_ref::<ArrayStruct>(buf, loc) }
+  }
+}
+impl<'b> ::flatbuffers::Push for ArrayStruct {
+    type Output = ArrayStruct;
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn push(&self, dst: &mut [u8], _written_len: usize) {
+        let src = unsafe { ::core::slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const ArrayStruct as *const u8, <Self as ::flatbuffers::Push>::size()) };
+        dst.copy_from_slice(src);
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn alignment() -> ::flatbuffers::PushAlignment {
+        ::flatbuffers::PushAlignment::new(8)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for ArrayStruct {
+  #[inline]
+  fn run_verifier(
+    v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+  ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    v.in_buffer::<Self>(pos)
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ArrayStruct {
+  #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+  pub fn new(
+    a: f32,
+    b: &[i32; 15],
+    c: i8,
+    d: &[NestedStruct; 2],
+    e: i32,
+    f: &[i64; 2],
+  ) -> Self {
+    let mut s = Self([0; 160]);
+    s.set_a(a);
+    s.set_b(b);
+    s.set_c(c);
+    s.set_d(d);
+    s.set_e(e);
+    s.set_f(f);
+    s
+  }
+
+  pub fn a(&self) -> f32 {
+    let mut mem = ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>::uninit();
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+    ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::from_little_endian(unsafe {
+      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+        self.0[0..].as_ptr(),
+        mem.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
+        ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+      );
+      mem.assume_init()
+    })
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_a(&mut self, x: f32) {
+    let x_le = ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::to_little_endian(x);
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+    unsafe {
+      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+        &x_le as *const _ as *const u8,
+        self.0[0..].as_mut_ptr(),
+        ::core::mem::size_of::<<f32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn b(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, i32, 15> {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 4) }
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_b(&mut self, items: &[i32; 15]) {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar_array(&mut self.0, 4, items) };
+  }
+
+  pub fn c(&self) -> i8 {
+    let mut mem = ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::<<i8 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>::uninit();
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+    ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::from_little_endian(unsafe {
+      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+        self.0[64..].as_ptr(),
+        mem.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
+        ::core::mem::size_of::<<i8 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+      );
+      mem.assume_init()
+    })
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_c(&mut self, x: i8) {
+    let x_le = ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::to_little_endian(x);
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+    unsafe {
+      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+        &x_le as *const _ as *const u8,
+        self.0[64..].as_mut_ptr(),
+        ::core::mem::size_of::<<i8 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn d(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, NestedStruct, 2> {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 72) }
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_d(&mut self, x: &[NestedStruct; 2]) {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    unsafe {
+      ::core::ptr::copy(
+        x.as_ptr() as *const u8,
+        self.0.as_mut_ptr().add(72),
+        64,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn e(&self) -> i32 {
+    let mut mem = ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::<<i32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>::uninit();
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+    ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::from_little_endian(unsafe {
+      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+        self.0[136..].as_ptr(),
+        mem.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
+        ::core::mem::size_of::<<i32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+      );
+      mem.assume_init()
+    })
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_e(&mut self, x: i32) {
+    let x_le = ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar::to_little_endian(x);
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid value in this slot
+    unsafe {
+      ::core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+        &x_le as *const _ as *const u8,
+        self.0[136..].as_mut_ptr(),
+        ::core::mem::size_of::<<i32 as ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar>::Scalar>(),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn f(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, i64, 2> {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 144) }
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_f(&mut self, items: &[i64; 2]) {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar_array(&mut self.0, 144, items) };
+  }
+
+  pub fn unpack(&self) -> ArrayStructT {
+    ArrayStructT {
+      a: self.a(),
+      b: self.b().into(),
+      c: self.c(),
+      d: { let d = self.d(); ::flatbuffers::array_init(|i| d.get(i).unpack()) },
+      e: self.e(),
+      f: self.f().into(),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ArrayStructT {
+  pub a: f32,
+  pub b: [i32; 15],
+  pub c: i8,
+  pub d: [NestedStructT; 2],
+  pub e: i32,
+  pub f: [i64; 2],
+}
+impl Default for ArrayStructT {
+  fn default() -> Self {
+    Self {
+      a: 0.0,
+      b: [0; 15],
+      c: 0,
+      d: ::flatbuffers::array_init(|_| Default::default()),
+      e: 0,
+      f: [0; 2],
+    }
+  }
+}
+impl ArrayStructT {
+  pub fn pack(&self) -> ArrayStruct {
+    ArrayStruct::new(
+      self.a,
+      &self.b,
+      self.c,
+      &::flatbuffers::array_init(|i| self.d[i].pack()),
+      self.e,
+      &self.f,
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+// struct LargeArrayStruct, aligned to 4
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub struct LargeArrayStruct(pub [u8; 384]);
+impl Default for LargeArrayStruct { 
+  fn default() -> Self { 
+    Self([0; 384])
+  }
+}
+impl ::core::fmt::Debug for LargeArrayStruct {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+    f.debug_struct("LargeArrayStruct")
+      .field("d", &self.d())
+      .field("e", &self.e())
+      .field("f", &self.f())
+      .finish()
+  }
+}
+
+impl ::flatbuffers::SimpleToVerifyInSlice for LargeArrayStruct {}
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for LargeArrayStruct {
+  type Inner = &'a LargeArrayStruct;
+  #[inline]
+  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    unsafe { <&'a LargeArrayStruct>::follow(buf, loc) }
+  }
+}
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for &'a LargeArrayStruct {
+  type Inner = &'a LargeArrayStruct;
+  #[inline]
+  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::follow_cast_ref::<LargeArrayStruct>(buf, loc) }
+  }
+}
+impl<'b> ::flatbuffers::Push for LargeArrayStruct {
+    type Output = LargeArrayStruct;
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn push(&self, dst: &mut [u8], _written_len: usize) {
+        let src = unsafe { ::core::slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const LargeArrayStruct as *const u8, <Self as ::flatbuffers::Push>::size()) };
+        dst.copy_from_slice(src);
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn alignment() -> ::flatbuffers::PushAlignment {
+        ::flatbuffers::PushAlignment::new(4)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for LargeArrayStruct {
+  #[inline]
+  fn run_verifier(
+    v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+  ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    v.in_buffer::<Self>(pos)
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'a> LargeArrayStruct {
+  #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+  pub fn new(
+    d: &[u8; 64],
+    e: &[f32; 64],
+    f: &[bool; 64],
+  ) -> Self {
+    let mut s = Self([0; 384]);
+    s.set_d(d);
+    s.set_e(e);
+    s.set_f(f);
+    s
+  }
+
+  pub fn d(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, u8, 64> {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 0) }
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_d(&mut self, items: &[u8; 64]) {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar_array(&mut self.0, 0, items) };
+  }
+
+  pub fn e(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, f32, 64> {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 64) }
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_e(&mut self, items: &[f32; 64]) {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar_array(&mut self.0, 64, items) };
+  }
+
+  pub fn f(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, bool, 64> {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 320) }
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_f(&mut self, items: &[bool; 64]) {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from a valid Table for this object
+    // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+    unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar_array(&mut self.0, 320, items) };
+  }
+
+  pub fn unpack(&self) -> LargeArrayStructT {
+    LargeArrayStructT {
+      d: self.d().into(),
+      e: self.e().into(),
+      f: self.f().into(),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct LargeArrayStructT {
+  pub d: [u8; 64],
+  pub e: [f32; 64],
+  pub f: [bool; 64],
+}
+impl Default for LargeArrayStructT {
+  fn default() -> Self {
+    Self {
+      d: [0; 64],
+      e: [0.0; 64],
+      f: [false; 64],
+    }
+  }
+}
+impl LargeArrayStructT {
+  pub fn pack(&self) -> LargeArrayStruct {
+    LargeArrayStruct::new(
+      &self.d,
+      &self.e,
+      &self.f,
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+pub enum ArrayTableOffset {}
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+
+pub struct ArrayTable<'a> {
+  pub _tab: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for ArrayTable<'a> {
+  type Inner = ArrayTable<'a>;
+  #[inline]
+  unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+    Self { _tab: unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Table::new(buf, loc) } }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ArrayTable<'a> {
+  pub const VT_A: ::flatbuffers::VOffsetT = 4;
+
+  #[inline]
+  pub unsafe fn init_from_table(table: ::flatbuffers::Table<'a>) -> Self {
+    ArrayTable { _tab: table }
+  }
+  #[allow(unused_mut)]
+  pub fn create<'bldr: 'args, 'args: 'mut_bldr, 'mut_bldr, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'bldr>(
+    _fbb: &'mut_bldr mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'bldr, A>,
+    args: &'args ArrayTableArgs<'args>
+  ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<ArrayTable<'bldr>> {
+    let mut builder = ArrayTableBuilder::new(_fbb);
+    if let Some(x) = args.a { builder.add_a(x); }
+    builder.finish()
+  }
+
+  pub fn unpack(&self) -> ArrayTableT {
+    let a = self.a().map(|x| {
+      x.unpack()
+    });
+    ArrayTableT {
+      a,
+    }
+  }
+
+  #[inline]
+  pub fn a(&self) -> Option<&'a ArrayStruct> {
+    // Safety:
+    // Created from valid Table for this object
+    // which contains a valid value in this slot
+    unsafe { self._tab.get::<ArrayStruct>(ArrayTable::VT_A, None)}
+  }
+}
+
+impl ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for ArrayTable<'_> {
+  #[inline]
+  fn run_verifier(
+    v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+  ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+    v.visit_table(pos)?
+     .visit_field::<ArrayStruct>("a", Self::VT_A, false)?
+     .finish();
+    Ok(())
+  }
+}
+pub struct ArrayTableArgs<'a> {
+    pub a: Option<&'a ArrayStruct>,
+}
+impl<'a> Default for ArrayTableArgs<'a> {
+  #[inline]
+  fn default() -> Self {
+    ArrayTableArgs {
+      a: None,
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+pub struct ArrayTableBuilder<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> {
+  fbb_: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+  start_: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<::flatbuffers::TableUnfinishedWIPOffset>,
+}
+impl<'a: 'b, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a> ArrayTableBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+  #[inline]
+  pub fn add_a(&mut self, a: &ArrayStruct) {
+    self.fbb_.push_slot_always::<&ArrayStruct>(ArrayTable::VT_A, a);
+  }
+  #[inline]
+  pub fn new(_fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>) -> ArrayTableBuilder<'a, 'b, A> {
+    let start = _fbb.start_table();
+    ArrayTableBuilder {
+      fbb_: _fbb,
+      start_: start,
+    }
+  }
+  #[inline]
+  pub fn finish(self) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<ArrayTable<'a>> {
+    let o = self.fbb_.end_table(self.start_);
+    ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset::new(o.value())
+  }
+}
+
+impl ::core::fmt::Debug for ArrayTable<'_> {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+    let mut ds = f.debug_struct("ArrayTable");
+      ds.field("a", &self.a());
+      ds.finish()
+  }
+}
+#[non_exhaustive]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ArrayTableT {
+  pub a: Option<ArrayStructT>,
+}
+impl Default for ArrayTableT {
+  fn default() -> Self {
+    Self {
+      a: None,
+    }
+  }
+}
+impl ArrayTableT {
+  pub fn pack<'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'b>(
+    &self,
+    _fbb: &mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'b, A>
+  ) -> ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<ArrayTable<'b>> {
+    let a_tmp = self.a.as_ref().map(|x| x.pack());
+    let a = a_tmp.as_ref();
+    ArrayTable::create(_fbb, &ArrayTableArgs{
+      a,
+    })
+  }
+}
+#[inline]
+/// Verifies that a buffer of bytes contains a `ArrayTable`
+/// and returns it.
+/// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
+/// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
+/// previous, unchecked, behavior use
+/// `root_as_array_table_unchecked`.
+pub fn root_as_array_table(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<ArrayTable<'_>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+  ::flatbuffers::root::<ArrayTable>(buf)
+}
+#[inline]
+/// Verifies that a buffer of bytes contains a size prefixed
+/// `ArrayTable` and returns it.
+/// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
+/// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
+/// previous, unchecked, behavior use
+/// `size_prefixed_root_as_array_table_unchecked`.
+pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_array_table(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<ArrayTable<'_>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+  ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root::<ArrayTable>(buf)
+}
+#[inline]
+/// Verifies, with the given options, that a buffer of bytes
+/// contains a `ArrayTable` and returns it.
+/// Note that verification is still experimental and may not
+/// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
+/// previous, unchecked, behavior use
+/// `root_as_array_table_unchecked`.
+pub fn root_as_array_table_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
+  opts: &'o ::flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
+  buf: &'b [u8],
+) -> Result<ArrayTable<'b>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+  ::flatbuffers::root_with_opts::<ArrayTable<'b>>(opts, buf)
+}
+#[inline]
+/// Verifies, with the given verifier options, that a buffer of
+/// bytes contains a size prefixed `ArrayTable` and returns
+/// it. Note that verification is still experimental and may not
+/// catch every error, or be maximally performant. For the
+/// previous, unchecked, behavior use
+/// `root_as_array_table_unchecked`.
+pub fn size_prefixed_root_as_array_table_with_opts<'b, 'o>(
+  opts: &'o ::flatbuffers::VerifierOptions,
+  buf: &'b [u8],
+) -> Result<ArrayTable<'b>, ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+  ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_with_opts::<ArrayTable<'b>>(opts, buf)
+}
+#[inline]
+/// Assumes, without verification, that a buffer of bytes contains a ArrayTable and returns it.
+/// # Safety
+/// Callers must trust the given bytes do indeed contain a valid `ArrayTable`.
+pub unsafe fn root_as_array_table_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> ArrayTable<'_> {
+  unsafe { ::flatbuffers::root_unchecked::<ArrayTable>(buf) }
+}
+#[inline]
+/// Assumes, without verification, that a buffer of bytes contains a size prefixed ArrayTable and returns it.
+/// # Safety
+/// Callers must trust the given bytes do indeed contain a valid size prefixed `ArrayTable`.
+pub unsafe fn size_prefixed_root_as_array_table_unchecked(buf: &[u8]) -> ArrayTable<'_> {
+  unsafe { ::flatbuffers::size_prefixed_root_unchecked::<ArrayTable>(buf) }
+}
+pub const ARRAY_TABLE_IDENTIFIER: &str = "ARRT";
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn array_table_buffer_has_identifier(buf: &[u8]) -> bool {
+  ::flatbuffers::buffer_has_identifier(buf, ARRAY_TABLE_IDENTIFIER, false)
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn array_table_size_prefixed_buffer_has_identifier(buf: &[u8]) -> bool {
+  ::flatbuffers::buffer_has_identifier(buf, ARRAY_TABLE_IDENTIFIER, true)
+}
+
+pub const ARRAY_TABLE_EXTENSION: &str = "mon";
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn finish_array_table_buffer<'a, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(
+    fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>,
+    root: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<ArrayTable<'a>>) {
+  fbb.finish(root, Some(ARRAY_TABLE_IDENTIFIER));
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn finish_size_prefixed_array_table_buffer<'a, 'b, A: ::flatbuffers::Allocator + 'a>(fbb: &'b mut ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder<'a, A>, root: ::flatbuffers::WIPOffset<ArrayTable<'a>>) {
+  fbb.finish_size_prefixed(root, Some(ARRAY_TABLE_IDENTIFIER));
+}
+}  // pub mod Example
+}  // pub mod MyGame
+

tests/arrays_test/my_game/example/large_array_struct_generated.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+// automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
+// @generated
+extern crate alloc;
+use super::*;
+
+// struct LargeArrayStruct, aligned to 8
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub struct LargeArrayStruct(pub [u8; 2496]);
+
+impl Default for LargeArrayStruct {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self([0; 2496])
+    }
+}
+
+impl ::core::fmt::Debug for LargeArrayStruct {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("LargeArrayStruct")
+            .field("d", &self.d())
+            .field("e", &self.e())
+            .field("f", &self.f())
+            .field("g", &self.g())
+            .field("h", &self.h())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ::flatbuffers::SimpleToVerifyInSlice for LargeArrayStruct {}
+
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for LargeArrayStruct {
+    type Inner = &'a LargeArrayStruct;
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+        unsafe { <&'a LargeArrayStruct>::follow(buf, loc) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Follow<'a> for &'a LargeArrayStruct {
+    type Inner = &'a LargeArrayStruct;
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn follow(buf: &'a [u8], loc: usize) -> Self::Inner {
+        unsafe { ::flatbuffers::follow_cast_ref::<LargeArrayStruct>(buf, loc) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'b> ::flatbuffers::Push for LargeArrayStruct {
+    type Output = LargeArrayStruct;
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn push(&self, dst: &mut [u8], _written_len: usize) {
+        let src = unsafe { ::core::slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const LargeArrayStruct as *const u8, <Self as ::flatbuffers::Push>::size()) };
+        dst.copy_from_slice(src);
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn alignment() -> ::flatbuffers::PushAlignment {
+        ::flatbuffers::PushAlignment::new(8)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ::flatbuffers::Verifiable for LargeArrayStruct {
+    #[inline]
+    fn run_verifier(
+        v: &mut ::flatbuffers::Verifier, pos: usize
+    ) -> Result<(), ::flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer> {
+        v.in_buffer::<Self>(pos)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> LargeArrayStruct {
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub fn new(
+        d: &[u8; 64],
+        e: &[f32; 64],
+        f: &[bool; 64],
+        g: &[NestedStruct; 64],
+        h: &[TestEnum; 64],
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut s = Self([0; 2496]);
+        s.set_d(d);
+        s.set_e(e);
+        s.set_f(f);
+        s.set_g(g);
+        s.set_h(h);
+        s
+    }
+
+    pub const fn get_fully_qualified_name() -> &'static str {
+        "MyGame.Example.LargeArrayStruct"
+    }
+
+    pub fn d(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, u8, 64> {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+        use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+        unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 0) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_d(&mut self, items: &[u8; 64]) {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+        unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar_array(&mut self.0, 0, items) };
+    }
+
+    pub fn e(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, f32, 64> {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+        use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+        unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 64) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_e(&mut self, items: &[f32; 64]) {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+        unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar_array(&mut self.0, 64, items) };
+    }
+
+    pub fn f(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, bool, 64> {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+        use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+        unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 320) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_f(&mut self, items: &[bool; 64]) {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+        unsafe { ::flatbuffers::emplace_scalar_array(&mut self.0, 320, items) };
+    }
+
+    pub fn g(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, NestedStruct, 64> {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+        use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+        unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 384) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_g(&mut self, x: &[NestedStruct; 64]) {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+        unsafe {
+            ::core::ptr::copy(
+                x.as_ptr() as *const u8,
+                self.0.as_mut_ptr().add(384),
+                2048,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn h(&'a self) -> ::flatbuffers::Array<'a, TestEnum, 64> {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+        use ::flatbuffers::Follow;
+        unsafe { ::flatbuffers::Array::follow(&self.0, 2432) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_h(&mut self, x: &[TestEnum; 64]) {
+        // Safety:
+        // Created from a valid Table for this object
+        // Which contains a valid array in this slot
+        unsafe {
+            ::core::ptr::copy(
+                x.as_ptr() as *const u8,
+                self.0.as_mut_ptr().add(2432),
+                64,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn unpack(&self) -> LargeArrayStructT {
+        LargeArrayStructT {
+            d: self.d().into(),
+            e: self.e().into(),
+            f: self.f().into(),
+        g: { let g = self.g(); ::flatbuffers::array_init(|i| g.get(i).unpack()) },
+            h: self.h().into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct LargeArrayStructT {
+    pub d: [u8; 64],
+    pub e: [f32; 64],
+    pub f: [bool; 64],
+    pub g: [NestedStructT; 64],
+    pub h: [TestEnum; 64],
+}
+impl Default for LargeArrayStructT {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            d: [0; 64],
+            e: [0.0; 64],
+            f: [false; 64],
+            g: ::flatbuffers::array_init(|_| Default::default()),
+            h: ::flatbuffers::array_init(|_| Default::default()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl LargeArrayStructT {
+    pub fn pack(&self) -> LargeArrayStruct {
+        LargeArrayStruct::new(
+            &self.d,
+            &self.e,
+            &self.f,
+            &::flatbuffers::array_init(|i| self.g[i].pack()),
+            &self.h,
+        )
+    }
+}

tests/bigfoot_ref_test.fbs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+native_include "bigfoot_ref_test_impl.h";
+
+namespace BigfootRefTestNS;
+
+// Stands in for Bigfoot's real UUID - a `native_type` struct so RefId has a
+// distinct native/flat representation, matching the shape `bigfoot_ref`
+// requires of a wrapper's payload field.
+struct RefId (native_type: "Native::RefId") {
+  value: uint64;
+}
+
+// The reference-wrapper template itself. `bigfoot_ref_wrapper` marks Ref as
+// instantiable per referenced type via `bigfoot_ref` below.
+struct Ref (bigfoot_ref_wrapper: "Native::Ref") {
+  uuid: RefId;
+}
+
+// RefHolder references two distinct C++ types (Thing, OtherThing) that are
+// *never defined anywhere in this test* - only ever forward-declared, by
+// flatc itself, directly into the generated header. This is the property
+// `bigfoot_ref` exists to provide: a reference field never requires the
+// referenced type to be complete. It also references `Thing` twice (once as
+// a plain field, once in a vector), exercising the include-guard dedup for
+// two fields that resolve to the identical Pack/UnPack pair.
+table RefHolder {
+  ref_a: Ref (native_inline, bigfoot_ref: "Native::Thing");
+  ref_a_again: [Ref] (native_inline, bigfoot_ref: "Native::Thing");
+  ref_b: Ref (native_inline, bigfoot_ref: "Native::OtherThing");
+}
+
+root_type RefHolder;

tests/bigfoot_ref_test_impl.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include "bigfoot_ref_test_impl.h"
+
+#include "bigfoot_ref_test_generated.h"
+#include "test_assert.h"
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+BigfootRefTestNS::RefId Pack(const Native::RefId& obj) {
+  return BigfootRefTestNS::RefId(obj.value);
+}
+
+const Native::RefId UnPack(const BigfootRefTestNS::RefId& obj) {
+  return Native::RefId(obj.value());
+}
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+namespace tests {
+
+// Exercises the --bigfoot_ref/--bigfoot_ref_wrapper flatc attributes (see
+// tests/bigfoot_ref_test.fbs): a reference field never requires the
+// referenced native type to be complete, and the generated header supplies
+// its own forward declaration plus inline Pack/UnPack definitions, with no
+// hand-written boilerplate anywhere in this file for `Thing`/`OtherThing`.
+void BigfootRefTest() {
+  using BigfootRefTestNS::RefHolder;
+  using BigfootRefTestNS::RefHolderT;
+
+  RefHolderT src;
+  src.ref_a = Native::Ref<Native::Thing>(Native::RefId(1));
+  src.ref_a_again.push_back(Native::Ref<Native::Thing>(Native::RefId(2)));
+  src.ref_a_again.push_back(Native::Ref<Native::Thing>(Native::RefId(3)));
+  src.ref_b = Native::Ref<Native::OtherThing>(Native::RefId(4));
+
+  flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder fbb;
+  fbb.Finish(RefHolder::Pack(fbb, &src));
+
+  auto dst = BigfootRefTestNS::UnPackRefHolder(fbb.GetBufferPointer());
+
+  TEST_EQ(dst->ref_a.uuid.value, 1u);
+  TEST_EQ(dst->ref_a_again.size(), 2u);
+  TEST_EQ(dst->ref_a_again[0].uuid.value, 2u);
+  TEST_EQ(dst->ref_a_again[1].uuid.value, 3u);
+  TEST_EQ(dst->ref_b.uuid.value, 4u);
+}
+
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace flatbuffers

tests/bigfoot_ref_test_impl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#ifndef BIGFOOT_REF_TEST_IMPL_H
+#define BIGFOOT_REF_TEST_IMPL_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Native {
+// Stands in for Bigfoot's real UUID.
+struct RefId {
+  uint64_t value;
+
+  RefId() : value(0) {}
+  explicit RefId(uint64_t _value) : value(_value) {}
+
+  bool operator==(const RefId& other) const { return value == other.value; }
+};
+
+// `Thing`/`OtherThing` are intentionally *never* defined anywhere in this
+// test (see bigfoot_ref_test.fbs) - Ref<T> must compile and round-trip
+// without T ever being a complete type, exactly like Bigfoot's
+// HardReference<T>/SoftReference<T>. Their forward declarations are emitted
+// automatically by flatc (GenerateBigfootRefForwardDecls in
+// idl_gen_cpp.cpp) directly into bigfoot_ref_test_generated.h - no manual
+// forward declaration belongs here.
+
+// The reference-wrapper template `bigfoot_ref_wrapper`/`bigfoot_ref` (see
+// idl_parser.cpp/idl_gen_cpp.cpp) instantiate per referenced type. Only
+// needs a `GetUUID()` accessor and a constructor from RefId - never needs T
+// complete.
+template <typename T>
+struct Ref {
+  RefId uuid;
+
+  Ref() : uuid() {}
+  Ref(const RefId& _uuid) : uuid(_uuid) {}
+
+  const RefId& GetUUID() const { return uuid; }
+
+  bool operator==(const Ref& other) const { return uuid == other.uuid; }
+};
+}  // namespace Native
+
+namespace BigfootRefTestNS {
+struct RefId;
+}  // namespace BigfootRefTestNS
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+BigfootRefTestNS::RefId Pack(const Native::RefId& obj);
+const Native::RefId UnPack(const BigfootRefTestNS::RefId& obj);
+
+namespace tests {
+void BigfootRefTest();
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+#endif  // BIGFOOT_REF_TEST_IMPL_H

tests/cpp_vector_type.fbs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Schema used to test the --cpp-vector-type flatc option, which lets the
+// generated Object API use a custom vector-like container (e.g.
+// eastl::vector) instead of std::vector. See tests/test_vector_type.h for
+// the stand-in container used by the test, and
+// tests/cpp_vector_type_test.cpp for the test itself.
+
+namespace CppVectorTypeNS;
+
+enum CppVectorTypeColor : byte { Red = 0, Green, Blue }
+
+struct CppVectorTypeVec2 {
+  x: float;
+  y: float;
+}
+
+table CppVectorTypeMonster {
+  id: int32;
+}
+
+table CppVectorTypeTest {
+  ints: [int32];
+  flags: [bool];
+  colors: [CppVectorTypeColor];
+  strings: [string];
+  positions: [CppVectorTypeVec2];
+  monsters: [CppVectorTypeMonster];
+}
+
+root_type CppVectorTypeTest;

tests/cpp_vector_type_test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#include "cpp_vector_type_test.h"
+
+#include "cpp_vector_type_generated.h"
+#include "test_assert.h"
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+namespace tests {
+
+// Exercises the --cpp-vector-type flatc option (see
+// tests/cpp_vector_type.fbs and tests/test_vector_type.h), which replaces
+// std::vector with a custom vector-like container in the generated Object
+// API. This covers every CreateVector*-family code path in Pack(): plain
+// scalars, bool, enum-cast, vector-of-string, vector-of-struct and
+// vector-of-table, then round-trips everything back through UnPackTo().
+void CppVectorTypeTest() {
+  using CppVectorTypeNS::CppVectorTypeColor_Blue;
+  using CppVectorTypeNS::CppVectorTypeColor_Green;
+  using CppVectorTypeNS::CppVectorTypeColor_Red;
+  using CppVectorTypeNS::CppVectorTypeMonsterT;
+  using CppVectorTypeNS::CppVectorTypeTest;
+  using CppVectorTypeNS::CppVectorTypeTestT;
+  using CppVectorTypeNS::CppVectorTypeVec2;
+
+  // ---------------------------------------
+  // 1) Build a native object using the custom vector container for every
+  //    vector field (scalars, bools, enums, strings, structs and tables).
+  // ---------------------------------------
+  CppVectorTypeTestT src;
+  src.ints.push_back(1);
+  src.ints.push_back(2);
+  src.ints.push_back(3);
+
+  src.flags.push_back(true);
+  src.flags.push_back(false);
+  src.flags.push_back(true);
+
+  src.colors.push_back(CppVectorTypeColor_Red);
+  src.colors.push_back(CppVectorTypeColor_Green);
+  src.colors.push_back(CppVectorTypeColor_Blue);
+
+  src.strings.push_back("hello");
+  src.strings.push_back("world");
+
+  src.positions.push_back(CppVectorTypeVec2(1.0f, 2.0f));
+  src.positions.push_back(CppVectorTypeVec2(3.0f, 4.0f));
+
+  src.monsters.emplace_back(new CppVectorTypeMonsterT());
+  src.monsters[0]->id = 111;
+  src.monsters.emplace_back(new CppVectorTypeMonsterT());
+  src.monsters[1]->id = 222;
+
+  // ---------------------------------------
+  // 2) Exercise the copy constructor / copy assignment operator generated
+  //    for object-API types (--gen-compare requires these too), which rely
+  //    on the custom vector's own copy ctor plus reserve()/emplace_back()
+  //    for the vector-of-pointer (table) field.
+  // ---------------------------------------
+  CppVectorTypeTestT copy_of_src(src);
+  TEST_EQ(copy_of_src == src, true);
+  TEST_ASSERT(copy_of_src.monsters[0].get() != src.monsters[0].get());
+  TEST_EQ(copy_of_src.monsters[0]->id, 111);
+
+  // ---------------------------------------
+  // 3) Pack into a FlatBuffer and verify the wire-format contents.
+  // ---------------------------------------
+  flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder fbb;
+  fbb.Finish(CppVectorTypeTest::Pack(fbb, &src));
+
+  const auto* fb =
+      flatbuffers::GetRoot<CppVectorTypeTest>(fbb.GetBufferPointer());
+
+  TEST_EQ(fb->ints()->size(), 3u);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->ints()->Get(0), 1);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->ints()->Get(1), 2);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->ints()->Get(2), 3);
+
+  TEST_EQ(fb->flags()->size(), 3u);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->flags()->Get(0) != 0, true);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->flags()->Get(1) != 0, false);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->flags()->Get(2) != 0, true);
+
+  TEST_EQ(fb->colors()->size(), 3u);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->colors()->Get(0), CppVectorTypeColor_Red);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->colors()->Get(1), CppVectorTypeColor_Green);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->colors()->Get(2), CppVectorTypeColor_Blue);
+
+  TEST_EQ(fb->strings()->size(), 2u);
+  TEST_EQ_STR(fb->strings()->Get(0)->c_str(), "hello");
+  TEST_EQ_STR(fb->strings()->Get(1)->c_str(), "world");
+
+  TEST_EQ(fb->positions()->size(), 2u);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->positions()->Get(0)->x(), 1.0f);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->positions()->Get(0)->y(), 2.0f);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->positions()->Get(1)->x(), 3.0f);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->positions()->Get(1)->y(), 4.0f);
+
+  TEST_EQ(fb->monsters()->size(), 2u);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->monsters()->Get(0)->id(), 111);
+  TEST_EQ(fb->monsters()->Get(1)->id(), 222);
+
+  // ---------------------------------------
+  // 4) Unpack back into a fresh native object and verify a full round-trip
+  //    through the custom vector container.
+  // ---------------------------------------
+  CppVectorTypeTestT dst;
+  fb->UnPackTo(&dst);
+
+  TEST_EQ(dst == src, true);
+
+  TEST_EQ(dst.ints.size(), 3u);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.ints[0], 1);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.ints[1], 2);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.ints[2], 3);
+
+  TEST_EQ(dst.flags.size(), 3u);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.flags[0], true);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.flags[1], false);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.flags[2], true);
+
+  TEST_EQ(dst.colors.size(), 3u);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.colors[0], CppVectorTypeColor_Red);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.colors[1], CppVectorTypeColor_Green);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.colors[2], CppVectorTypeColor_Blue);
+
+  TEST_EQ(dst.strings.size(), 2u);
+  TEST_EQ_STR(dst.strings[0].c_str(), "hello");
+  TEST_EQ_STR(dst.strings[1].c_str(), "world");
+
+  TEST_EQ(dst.positions.size(), 2u);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.positions[0].x(), 1.0f);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.positions[0].y(), 2.0f);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.positions[1].x(), 3.0f);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.positions[1].y(), 4.0f);
+
+  TEST_EQ(dst.monsters.size(), 2u);
+  TEST_ASSERT(dst.monsters[0] != nullptr);
+  TEST_ASSERT(dst.monsters[1] != nullptr);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.monsters[0]->id, 111);
+  TEST_EQ(dst.monsters[1]->id, 222);
+}
+
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace flatbuffers

tests/cpp_vector_type_test.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef TESTS_CPP_VECTOR_TYPE_TEST_H
+#define TESTS_CPP_VECTOR_TYPE_TEST_H
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+namespace tests {
+
+void CppVectorTypeTest();
+
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+#endif  // TESTS_CPP_VECTOR_TYPE_TEST_H

tests/cross_namespace_pack_test.fbs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Test for cross-namespace Pack() code generation (issue #8948).
+// Verifies that Create* calls in Pack() are properly namespace-qualified
+// when referencing tables from different namespaces.
+
+namespace native;
+
+table TableWithNative {
+  value: int;
+}
+
+namespace foo;
+
+table Consumer {
+  c1: native.TableWithNative;
+  c2: [native.TableWithNative];
+}
+
+root_type Consumer;

tests/even_more_defaults.fbs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+enum ABC: int { A, B, C }
+
+struct EvenMoreStruct {
+  g:[int64:2];
+}
+
+table EvenMoreDefaults {
+  str: EvenMoreStruct;
+  ints: [int] = [];
+  floats: [float] = [     ];
+  float_optional: [float];
+  bytes_optional: [ubyte];
+  floats_required: [float] (required);
+  empty_string: string = "";
+  some_string: string = "some";
+  zero_string: string = "0";
+  a_string:string (key);
+  required_string: string (required);
+  abcs: [ABC] = [];
+  bools: [bool] = [];
+  one_bool: bool = true;
+}

tests/native_type_test_generated.h

@@ -31,14 +31,6 @@ struct ApplicationDataT;
 bool operator==(const ApplicationDataT &lhs, const ApplicationDataT &rhs);
 bool operator!=(const ApplicationDataT &lhs, const ApplicationDataT &rhs);
 
-inline const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable *Vector3DTypeTable();
-
-inline const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable *Vector3DAltTypeTable();
-
-inline const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable *MatrixTypeTable();
-
-inline const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable *ApplicationDataTypeTable();
-
 FLATBUFFERS_MANUALLY_ALIGNED_STRUCT(4) Vector3D FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS {
  private:
   float x_;
@@ -46,9 +38,7 @@ FLATBUFFERS_MANUALLY_ALIGNED_STRUCT(4) Vector3D FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS {
   float z_;
 
  public:
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable *MiniReflectTypeTable() {
-    return Vector3DTypeTable();
-  }
+  struct Traits;
   Vector3D()
       : x_(0),
         y_(0),
@@ -62,24 +52,19 @@ FLATBUFFERS_MANUALLY_ALIGNED_STRUCT(4) Vector3D FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS {
   float x() const {
     return ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar(x_);
   }
-  void mutate_x(float _x) {
-    ::flatbuffers::WriteScalar(&x_, _x);
-  }
   float y() const {
     return ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar(y_);
   }
-  void mutate_y(float _y) {
-    ::flatbuffers::WriteScalar(&y_, _y);
-  }
   float z() const {
     return ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar(z_);
   }
-  void mutate_z(float _z) {
-    ::flatbuffers::WriteScalar(&z_, _z);
-  }
 };
 FLATBUFFERS_STRUCT_END(Vector3D, 12);
 
+struct Vector3D::Traits {
+  using type = Vector3D;
+};
+
 FLATBUFFERS_MANUALLY_ALIGNED_STRUCT(4) Vector3DAlt FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS {
  private:
   float a_;
@@ -87,9 +72,7 @@ FLATBUFFERS_MANUALLY_ALIGNED_STRUCT(4) Vector3DAlt FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS {
   float c_;
 
  public:
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable *MiniReflectTypeTable() {
-    return Vector3DAltTypeTable();
-  }
+  struct Traits;
   Vector3DAlt()
       : a_(0),
         b_(0),
@@ -103,30 +86,23 @@ FLATBUFFERS_MANUALLY_ALIGNED_STRUCT(4) Vector3DAlt FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS {
   float a() const {
     return ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar(a_);
   }
-  void mutate_a(float _a) {
-    ::flatbuffers::WriteScalar(&a_, _a);
-  }
   float b() const {
     return ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar(b_);
   }
-  void mutate_b(float _b) {
-    ::flatbuffers::WriteScalar(&b_, _b);
-  }
   float c() const {
     return ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar(c_);
   }
-  void mutate_c(float _c) {
-    ::flatbuffers::WriteScalar(&c_, _c);
-  }
 };
 FLATBUFFERS_STRUCT_END(Vector3DAlt, 12);
 
+struct Vector3DAlt::Traits {
+  using type = Vector3DAlt;
+};
+
 struct Matrix FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS : private ::flatbuffers::Table {
   typedef Native::Matrix NativeTableType;
   typedef MatrixBuilder Builder;
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable *MiniReflectTypeTable() {
-    return MatrixTypeTable();
-  }
+  struct Traits;
   enum FlatBuffersVTableOffset FLATBUFFERS_VTABLE_UNDERLYING_TYPE {
     VT_ROWS = 4,
     VT_COLUMNS = 6,
@@ -135,21 +111,12 @@ struct Matrix FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS : private ::flatbuffers::Table {
   int32_t rows() const {
     return GetField<int32_t>(VT_ROWS, 0);
   }
-  bool mutate_rows(int32_t _rows = 0) {
-    return SetField<int32_t>(VT_ROWS, _rows, 0);
-  }
   int32_t columns() const {
     return GetField<int32_t>(VT_COLUMNS, 0);
   }
-  bool mutate_columns(int32_t _columns = 0) {
-    return SetField<int32_t>(VT_COLUMNS, _columns, 0);
-  }
   const ::flatbuffers::Vector<float> *values() const {
     return GetPointer<const ::flatbuffers::Vector<float> *>(VT_VALUES);
   }
-  ::flatbuffers::Vector<float> *mutable_values() {
-    return GetPointer<::flatbuffers::Vector<float> *>(VT_VALUES);
-  }
   template <bool B = false>
   bool Verify(::flatbuffers::VerifierTemplate<B> &verifier) const {
     return VerifyTableStart(verifier) &&
@@ -200,6 +167,11 @@ inline ::flatbuffers::Offset<Matrix> CreateMatrix(
   return builder_.Finish();
 }
 
+struct Matrix::Traits {
+  using type = Matrix;
+  static auto constexpr Create = CreateMatrix;
+};
+
 inline ::flatbuffers::Offset<Matrix> CreateMatrixDirect(
     ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &_fbb,
     int32_t rows = 0,
@@ -232,9 +204,7 @@ struct ApplicationDataT : public ::flatbuffers::NativeTable {
 struct ApplicationData FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS : private ::flatbuffers::Table {
   typedef ApplicationDataT NativeTableType;
   typedef ApplicationDataBuilder Builder;
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable *MiniReflectTypeTable() {
-    return ApplicationDataTypeTable();
-  }
+  struct Traits;
   enum FlatBuffersVTableOffset FLATBUFFERS_VTABLE_UNDERLYING_TYPE {
     VT_VECTORS = 4,
     VT_VECTORS_ALT = 6,
@@ -246,39 +216,21 @@ struct ApplicationData FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS : private ::flatbuffers::Table {
   const ::flatbuffers::Vector<const Geometry::Vector3D *> *vectors() const {
     return GetPointer<const ::flatbuffers::Vector<const Geometry::Vector3D *> *>(VT_VECTORS);
   }
-  ::flatbuffers::Vector<const Geometry::Vector3D *> *mutable_vectors() {
-    return GetPointer<::flatbuffers::Vector<const Geometry::Vector3D *> *>(VT_VECTORS);
-  }
   const ::flatbuffers::Vector<const Geometry::Vector3DAlt *> *vectors_alt() const {
     return GetPointer<const ::flatbuffers::Vector<const Geometry::Vector3DAlt *> *>(VT_VECTORS_ALT);
   }
-  ::flatbuffers::Vector<const Geometry::Vector3DAlt *> *mutable_vectors_alt() {
-    return GetPointer<::flatbuffers::Vector<const Geometry::Vector3DAlt *> *>(VT_VECTORS_ALT);
-  }
   const Geometry::Vector3D *position() const {
     return GetStruct<const Geometry::Vector3D *>(VT_POSITION);
   }
-  Geometry::Vector3D *mutable_position() {
-    return GetStruct<Geometry::Vector3D *>(VT_POSITION);
-  }
   const Geometry::Vector3D *position_inline() const {
     return GetStruct<const Geometry::Vector3D *>(VT_POSITION_INLINE);
   }
-  Geometry::Vector3D *mutable_position_inline() {
-    return GetStruct<Geometry::Vector3D *>(VT_POSITION_INLINE);
-  }
   const Geometry::Matrix *matrix() const {
     return GetPointer<const Geometry::Matrix *>(VT_MATRIX);
   }
-  Geometry::Matrix *mutable_matrix() {
-    return GetPointer<Geometry::Matrix *>(VT_MATRIX);
-  }
   const ::flatbuffers::Vector<::flatbuffers::Offset<Geometry::Matrix>> *matrices() const {
     return GetPointer<const ::flatbuffers::Vector<::flatbuffers::Offset<Geometry::Matrix>> *>(VT_MATRICES);
   }
-  ::flatbuffers::Vector<::flatbuffers::Offset<Geometry::Matrix>> *mutable_matrices() {
-    return GetPointer<::flatbuffers::Vector<::flatbuffers::Offset<Geometry::Matrix>> *>(VT_MATRICES);
-  }
   template <bool B = false>
   bool Verify(::flatbuffers::VerifierTemplate<B> &verifier) const {
     return VerifyTableStart(verifier) &&
@@ -351,6 +303,11 @@ inline ::flatbuffers::Offset<ApplicationData> CreateApplicationData(
   return builder_.Finish();
 }
 
+struct ApplicationData::Traits {
+  using type = ApplicationData;
+  static auto constexpr Create = CreateApplicationData;
+};
+
 inline ::flatbuffers::Offset<ApplicationData> CreateApplicationDataDirect(
     ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &_fbb,
     const std::vector<Geometry::Vector3D> *vectors = nullptr,
@@ -375,7 +332,7 @@ inline ::flatbuffers::Offset<ApplicationData> CreateApplicationDataDirect(
 ::flatbuffers::Offset<ApplicationData> CreateApplicationData(::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &_fbb, const ApplicationDataT *_o, const ::flatbuffers::rehasher_function_t *_rehasher = nullptr);
 
 inline Native::Matrix *Matrix::UnPack(const ::flatbuffers::resolver_function_t *_resolver) const {
-  auto _o = std::unique_ptr<Native::Matrix>(new Native::Matrix());
+  auto _o = std::make_unique<Native::Matrix>();
   UnPackTo(_o.get(), _resolver);
   return _o.release();
 }
@@ -421,7 +378,7 @@ inline ApplicationDataT &ApplicationDataT::operator=(ApplicationDataT o) FLATBUF
 }
 
 inline ApplicationDataT *ApplicationData::UnPack(const ::flatbuffers::resolver_function_t *_resolver) const {
-  auto _o = std::unique_ptr<ApplicationDataT>(new ApplicationDataT());
+  auto _o = std::make_unique<ApplicationDataT>();
   UnPackTo(_o.get(), _resolver);
   return _o.release();
 }
@@ -461,87 +418,6 @@ inline ::flatbuffers::Offset<ApplicationData> ApplicationData::Pack(::flatbuffer
       _matrices);
 }
 
-inline const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable *Vector3DTypeTable() {
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeCode type_codes[] = {
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_FLOAT, 0, -1 },
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_FLOAT, 0, -1 },
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_FLOAT, 0, -1 }
-  };
-  static const int64_t values[] = { 0, 4, 8, 12 };
-  static const char * const names[] = {
-    "x",
-    "y",
-    "z"
-  };
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable tt = {
-    ::flatbuffers::ST_STRUCT, 3, type_codes, nullptr, nullptr, values, names
-  };
-  return &tt;
-}
-
-inline const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable *Vector3DAltTypeTable() {
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeCode type_codes[] = {
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_FLOAT, 0, -1 },
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_FLOAT, 0, -1 },
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_FLOAT, 0, -1 }
-  };
-  static const int64_t values[] = { 0, 4, 8, 12 };
-  static const char * const names[] = {
-    "a",
-    "b",
-    "c"
-  };
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable tt = {
-    ::flatbuffers::ST_STRUCT, 3, type_codes, nullptr, nullptr, values, names
-  };
-  return &tt;
-}
-
-inline const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable *MatrixTypeTable() {
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeCode type_codes[] = {
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_INT, 0, -1 },
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_INT, 0, -1 },
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_FLOAT, 1, -1 }
-  };
-  static const char * const names[] = {
-    "rows",
-    "columns",
-    "values"
-  };
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable tt = {
-    ::flatbuffers::ST_TABLE, 3, type_codes, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, names
-  };
-  return &tt;
-}
-
-inline const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable *ApplicationDataTypeTable() {
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeCode type_codes[] = {
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_SEQUENCE, 1, 0 },
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_SEQUENCE, 1, 1 },
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_SEQUENCE, 0, 0 },
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_SEQUENCE, 0, 0 },
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_SEQUENCE, 0, 2 },
-    { ::flatbuffers::ET_SEQUENCE, 1, 2 }
-  };
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeFunction type_refs[] = {
-    Geometry::Vector3DTypeTable,
-    Geometry::Vector3DAltTypeTable,
-    Geometry::MatrixTypeTable
-  };
-  static const char * const names[] = {
-    "vectors",
-    "vectors_alt",
-    "position",
-    "position_inline",
-    "matrix",
-    "matrices"
-  };
-  static const ::flatbuffers::TypeTable tt = {
-    ::flatbuffers::ST_TABLE, 6, type_codes, type_refs, nullptr, nullptr, names
-  };
-  return &tt;
-}
-
 inline const Geometry::ApplicationData *GetApplicationData(const void *buf) {
   return ::flatbuffers::GetRoot<Geometry::ApplicationData>(buf);
 }
@@ -550,14 +426,6 @@ inline const Geometry::ApplicationData *GetSizePrefixedApplicationData(const voi
   return ::flatbuffers::GetSizePrefixedRoot<Geometry::ApplicationData>(buf);
 }
 
-inline ApplicationData *GetMutableApplicationData(void *buf) {
-  return ::flatbuffers::GetMutableRoot<ApplicationData>(buf);
-}
-
-inline Geometry::ApplicationData *GetMutableSizePrefixedApplicationData(void *buf) {
-  return ::flatbuffers::GetMutableSizePrefixedRoot<Geometry::ApplicationData>(buf);
-}
-
 template <bool B = false>
 inline bool VerifyApplicationDataBuffer(
     ::flatbuffers::VerifierTemplate<B> &verifier) {
@@ -570,6 +438,10 @@ inline bool VerifySizePrefixedApplicationDataBuffer(
   return verifier.template VerifySizePrefixedBuffer<Geometry::ApplicationData>(nullptr);
 }
 
+inline const char *ApplicationDataExtension() {
+  return "bfbs";
+}
+
 inline void FinishApplicationDataBuffer(
     ::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &fbb,
     ::flatbuffers::Offset<Geometry::ApplicationData> root) {

tests/native_type_test_impl.h

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ struct Matrix {
            (values == other.values);
   }
 };
+
 }  // namespace Native
 
 namespace Geometry {

tests/parser_test.cpp

@@ -97,6 +97,17 @@ void ErrorTest() {
             "datatype already");
   TestError("struct X (force_align: 7) { Y:int; }", "force_align");
   TestError("struct X {}", "size 0");
+  TestError(
+      "struct X { Y:int; } table T { y:X (bigfoot_ref:\"::Foo::Bar\"); "
+      "}",
+      "'bigfoot_ref_wrapper' attribute");
+  TestError(
+      "table T { y:int (bigfoot_ref:\"::Foo::Bar\"); }",
+      "struct-typed fields");
+  TestError(
+      "struct X (bigfoot_ref_wrapper: \"Foo\") { Y:int; } "
+      "table T { y:X (bigfoot_ref:\"\"); }",
+      "cannot be empty");
   TestError("{}", "no root");
   TestError("table X { Y:byte; } root_type X; { Y:1 } { Y:1 }", "end of file");
   TestError("table X { Y:byte; } root_type X; { Y:1 } table Y{ Z:int }",

tests/required_table_default_test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "required_table_default_test.h"
+
+#include "required_table_default_test_generated.h"
+#include "test_assert.h"
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+namespace tests {
+
+// Exercises the (required) table-field default member initializer added to
+// GenMember() in idl_gen_cpp.cpp: a `(required)` table field can never
+// legally be missing once Pack()/Verify() succeed, so a plain native default
+// constructor must not leave it null - callers should never have to
+// remember to allocate it themselves before the first Pack(). The sibling
+// `optional_inner` field (same type, no `required`) is checked alongside it
+// to confirm the change is scoped to required fields only.
+void RequiredTableDefaultTest() {
+  using RequiredTableDefaultTestNS::Holder;
+  using RequiredTableDefaultTestNS::HolderT;
+
+  HolderT src;
+  TEST_NOTNULL(src.required_inner.get());
+  TEST_NULL(src.optional_inner.get());
+
+  // Never manually allocated required_inner - only relying on the default
+  // constructor above - yet Pack() must still succeed and round-trip it.
+  src.required_inner->value = 42;
+
+  flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder fbb;
+  fbb.Finish(Holder::Pack(fbb, &src));
+
+  auto dst = RequiredTableDefaultTestNS::UnPackHolder(fbb.GetBufferPointer());
+
+  TEST_NOTNULL(dst->required_inner.get());
+  TEST_EQ(dst->required_inner->value, 42u);
+  TEST_NULL(dst->optional_inner.get());
+}
+
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace flatbuffers

tests/required_table_default_test.fbs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+namespace RequiredTableDefaultTestNS;
+
+table Inner {
+  value: uint32;
+}
+
+// `required_inner` has no default in the wire format (tables can't have one),
+// but Pack()/Verify() both reject a buffer where it is missing - so the
+// native default constructor must never leave it null. `optional_inner` is
+// the same field type without `required`, kept alongside it to confirm the
+// fix only changes required table fields, not every table pointer field.
+table Holder {
+  required_inner: Inner (required);
+  optional_inner: Inner;
+}
+
+root_type Holder;

tests/required_table_default_test.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef REQUIRED_TABLE_DEFAULT_TEST_H
+#define REQUIRED_TABLE_DEFAULT_TEST_H
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+namespace tests {
+
+void RequiredTableDefaultTest();
+
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+#endif  // REQUIRED_TABLE_DEFAULT_TEST_H

tests/swift/Tests/Flatbuffers/empty_vtable_generated.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
+// swiftlint:disable all
+// swiftformat:disable all
+
+#if canImport(Common)
+import Common
+#endif
+
+import FlatBuffers
+
+public struct DataModel_A: FlatBufferVerifiableTable, FlatbuffersVectorInitializable, ObjectAPIPacker {
+
+  static func validateVersion() { FlatBuffersVersion_25_12_19() }
+  public var __buffer: ByteBuffer! { return _accessor.bb }
+  private var _accessor: Table
+
+  private init(_ t: Table) { _accessor = t }
+  public init(_ bb: ByteBuffer, o: Int32) { _accessor = Table(bb: bb, position: o) }
+
+  private struct VT {
+  }
+
+  public static func startA(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder) -> UOffset { fbb.startTable(with: 1) }
+  public static func endA(_ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder, start: UOffset) -> Offset { let end = Offset(offset: fbb.endTable(at: start)); return end }
+  public static func createA(
+    _ fbb: inout FlatBufferBuilder
+  ) -> Offset {
+    let __start = DataModel_A.startA(&fbb)
+    return DataModel_A.endA(&fbb, start: __start)
+  }
+
+  public func unpack() -> DataModel_AT {
+    return DataModel_AT(self)
+  }
+  public static func pack(_ builder: inout FlatBufferBuilder, obj: inout DataModel_AT?) -> Offset {
+    guard var obj = obj else { return Offset() }
+    return pack(&builder, obj: &obj)
+  }
+
+  public static func pack(_ builder: inout FlatBufferBuilder, obj: inout DataModel_AT) -> Offset {
+    let __root = DataModel_A.startA(&builder)
+    return DataModel_A.endA(&builder, start: __root)
+  }
+
+  public static func verify<T>(_ verifier: inout Verifier, at position: Int, of type: T.Type) throws where T: Verifiable {
+    var _v = try verifier.visitTable(at: position)
+    _v.finish()
+  }
+}
+
+extension DataModel_A: Encodable {
+  public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
+  }
+}
+
+public class DataModel_AT: NativeObject {
+
+
+  public init(_ _t: borrowing DataModel_A) {
+  }
+
+  public init() {
+  }
+
+  public func serialize() -> ByteBuffer { return serialize(type: DataModel_A.self) }
+
+}

tests/swift/fuzzer/CodeGenerationTests/empty_vtable.fbs

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+namespace DataModel;
+
+table A {
+    a:int (deprecated);
+}

tests/test.cpp

@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@
 #include "native_type_test_generated.h"
 #include "test_assert.h"
 #include "util_test.h"
+#include "cpp_vector_type_test.h"
+#include "bigfoot_ref_test_impl.h"
+#include "required_table_default_test.h"
 #include "vector_table_naked_ptr_test.h"
 
 void FlatBufferBuilderTest();
@@ -950,7 +953,6 @@ void NativeTypeTest() {
   TEST_EQ(dstDataT->position_inline.x, 4.0f);
   TEST_EQ(dstDataT->position_inline.y, 5.0f);
   TEST_EQ(dstDataT->position_inline.z, 6.0f);
-
   for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
     const Native::Vector3D& v = dstDataT->vectors[i];
     TEST_EQ(v.x, 10 * i + 0.1f);
@@ -1744,6 +1746,8 @@ int FlatBufferTests(const std::string& tests_data_path) {
 
   AlignmentTest();
 
+  CppVectorTypeTest();
+
 #ifndef FLATBUFFERS_NO_FILE_TESTS
   ParseAndGenerateTextTest(tests_data_path, false);
   ParseAndGenerateTextTest(tests_data_path, true);
@@ -1813,6 +1817,8 @@ int FlatBufferTests(const std::string& tests_data_path) {
   InvalidFloatTest();
   FixedLengthArrayTest();
   NativeTypeTest();
+  flatbuffers::tests::BigfootRefTest();
+  flatbuffers::tests::RequiredTableDefaultTest();
   OptionalScalarsTest();
   ParseFlexbuffersFromJsonWithNullTest();
   FlatbuffersSpanTest();

tests/test_vector_type.h

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#ifndef TESTS_TEST_VECTOR_TYPE_H_
+#define TESTS_TEST_VECTOR_TYPE_H_
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <new>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+namespace tests {
+
+// A minimal stand-in for a custom vector-like container (e.g.
+// eastl::vector), used to exercise the --cpp-vector-type flatc option.
+//
+// This is deliberately its own contiguous container rather than a wrapper
+// around std::vector, so that:
+//  - generated code can't silently keep depending on any of the
+//    std::vector-specific overloads in flatbuffer_builder.h (e.g.
+//    CreateVector(const std::vector<T,Alloc>&)), and
+//  - CustomVector<bool> stores plain contiguous bools accessible via
+//    data(), unlike std::vector<bool>'s bit-packed specialization, matching
+//    how real alternative containers such as eastl::vector behave.
+template<typename T>
+class CustomVector {
+ public:
+  using value_type = T;
+  using iterator = T*;
+  using const_iterator = const T*;
+
+  CustomVector() = default;
+  CustomVector(const CustomVector& o) { assign_copy(o); }
+  CustomVector(CustomVector&& o) noexcept { steal(o); }
+
+  CustomVector& operator=(const CustomVector& o) {
+    if (this != &o) {
+      destroy_all();
+      deallocate();
+      assign_copy(o);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  CustomVector& operator=(CustomVector&& o) noexcept {
+    if (this != &o) {
+      destroy_all();
+      deallocate();
+      steal(o);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  ~CustomVector() {
+    destroy_all();
+    deallocate();
+  }
+
+  void reserve(size_t n) {
+    if (n > capacity_) grow_to(n);
+  }
+
+  void resize(size_t n) {
+    if (n > capacity_) grow_to(n);
+    for (size_t i = n; i < size_; ++i) data_[i].~T();
+    for (size_t i = size_; i < n; ++i) new (&data_[i]) T();
+    size_ = n;
+  }
+
+  size_t size() const { return size_; }
+  bool empty() const { return size_ == 0; }
+
+  T* data() { return data_; }
+  const T* data() const { return data_; }
+
+  T& operator[](size_t i) { return data_[i]; }
+  const T& operator[](size_t i) const { return data_[i]; }
+
+  template<typename... Args>
+  void emplace_back(Args&&... args) {
+    if (size_ == capacity_) grow_to(capacity_ == 0 ? 1 : capacity_ * 2);
+    new (&data_[size_]) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    ++size_;
+  }
+  void push_back(const T& v) { emplace_back(v); }
+
+  iterator begin() { return data_; }
+  iterator end() { return data_ + size_; }
+  const_iterator begin() const { return data_; }
+  const_iterator end() const { return data_ + size_; }
+  const_iterator cbegin() const { return data_; }
+  const_iterator cend() const { return data_ + size_; }
+
+ private:
+  void grow_to(size_t n) {
+    T* new_data = static_cast<T*>(::operator new(n * sizeof(T)));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size_; ++i) {
+      new (&new_data[i]) T(std::move(data_[i]));
+      data_[i].~T();
+    }
+    ::operator delete(data_);
+    data_ = new_data;
+    capacity_ = n;
+  }
+
+  void assign_copy(const CustomVector& o) {
+    data_ = o.size_ ? static_cast<T*>(::operator new(o.size_ * sizeof(T)))
+                     : nullptr;
+    capacity_ = o.size_;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < o.size_; ++i) new (&data_[i]) T(o.data_[i]);
+    size_ = o.size_;
+  }
+
+  void steal(CustomVector& o) {
+    data_ = o.data_;
+    size_ = o.size_;
+    capacity_ = o.capacity_;
+    o.data_ = nullptr;
+    o.size_ = o.capacity_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  void destroy_all() {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size_; ++i) data_[i].~T();
+    size_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  void deallocate() {
+    ::operator delete(data_);
+    data_ = nullptr;
+    capacity_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  T* data_ = nullptr;
+  size_t size_ = 0;
+  size_t capacity_ = 0;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+bool operator==(const CustomVector<T>& lhs, const CustomVector<T>& rhs) {
+  if (lhs.size() != rhs.size()) return false;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < lhs.size(); ++i) {
+    if (!(lhs[i] == rhs[i])) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+bool operator!=(const CustomVector<T>& lhs, const CustomVector<T>& rhs) {
+  return !(lhs == rhs);
+}
+
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+#endif  // TESTS_TEST_VECTOR_TYPE_H_

tests/ts/JavaScriptRelativeImportPathTest.js

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { dirname, resolve } from "node:path";
+
+const here = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const headerPath = resolve(here, "relative_imports/transit/three/header.ts");
+
+const contents = readFileSync(headerPath, "utf8");
+
+const expectedImports = [
+  "from '../one/info.js';",
+  "from '../two/identity.js';",
+];
+
+for (const expected of expectedImports) {
+  if (!contents.includes(expected)) {
+    throw new Error(`Missing relative import "${expected}" in ${headerPath}`);
+  }
+}
+
+const forbidden = "../transit/";
+if (contents.includes(forbidden)) {
+  throw new Error(
+    `Found unexpected namespace segment in import path within ${headerPath}`
+  );
+}
+
+console.log("JavaScriptRelativeImportPathTest: OK");

tests/ts/relative_imports/relative_imports.fbs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+namespace Transit.One;
+
+table Info {
+  timestamp:ulong;
+}
+
+namespace Transit.Two;
+
+table Identity {
+  id:uint;
+}
+
+namespace Transit.Three;
+
+table Header {
+  info:Transit.One.Info;
+  id:Transit.Two.Identity;
+}
+
+root_type Header;

tests/union_name_test.fbs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Test for union creator naming consistency (issue #8843).
+// Uses non-UpperCamel union name to verify that Function() naming
+// is used consistently for both definition and call site.
+
+namespace union_name_test;
+
+table Foo {
+  val: int;
+}
+
+table Bar {
+  name: string;
+}
+
+union my_test_union { Foo, Bar }
+
+table Container {
+  u: my_test_union;
+}
+
+root_type Container;

tests/union_name_test/Bar.py

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
+
+# namespace: union_name_test
+
+import flatbuffers
+from flatbuffers.compat import import_numpy
+np = import_numpy()
+
+class Bar(object):
+    __slots__ = ['_tab']
+
+    @classmethod
+    def GetRootAs(cls, buf, offset=0):
+        n = flatbuffers.encode.Get(flatbuffers.packer.uoffset, buf, offset)
+        x = Bar()
+        x.Init(buf, n + offset)
+        return x
+
+    @classmethod
+    def GetRootAsBar(cls, buf, offset=0):
+        """This method is deprecated. Please switch to GetRootAs."""
+        return cls.GetRootAs(buf, offset)
+    # Bar
+    def Init(self, buf, pos):
+        self._tab = flatbuffers.table.Table(buf, pos)
+
+    # Bar
+    def Name(self):
+        o = flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(self._tab.Offset(4))
+        if o != 0:
+            return self._tab.String(o + self._tab.Pos)
+        return None
+
+def BarStart(builder):
+    builder.StartObject(1)
+
+def Start(builder):
+    BarStart(builder)
+
+def BarAddName(builder, name):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(0, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(name), 0)
+
+def AddName(builder, name):
+    BarAddName(builder, name)
+
+def BarEnd(builder):
+    return builder.EndObject()
+
+def End(builder):
+    return BarEnd(builder)
+
+
+class BarT(object):
+
+    # BarT
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name = None,
+    ):
+        self.name = name  # type: Optional[str]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def InitFromBuf(cls, buf, pos):
+        bar = Bar()
+        bar.Init(buf, pos)
+        return cls.InitFromObj(bar)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def InitFromPackedBuf(cls, buf, pos=0):
+        n = flatbuffers.encode.Get(flatbuffers.packer.uoffset, buf, pos)
+        return cls.InitFromBuf(buf, pos+n)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def InitFromObj(cls, bar):
+        x = BarT()
+        x._UnPack(bar)
+        return x
+
+    # BarT
+    def _UnPack(self, bar):
+        if bar is None:
+            return
+        self.name = bar.Name()
+
+    # BarT
+    def Pack(self, builder):
+        if self.name is not None:
+            name = builder.CreateString(self.name)
+        BarStart(builder)
+        if self.name is not None:
+            BarAddName(builder, name)
+        bar = BarEnd(builder)
+        return bar

tests/union_name_test/Container.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
+
+# namespace: union_name_test
+
+import flatbuffers
+from flatbuffers.compat import import_numpy
+np = import_numpy()
+
+class Container(object):
+    __slots__ = ['_tab']
+
+    @classmethod
+    def GetRootAs(cls, buf, offset=0):
+        n = flatbuffers.encode.Get(flatbuffers.packer.uoffset, buf, offset)
+        x = Container()
+        x.Init(buf, n + offset)
+        return x
+
+    @classmethod
+    def GetRootAsContainer(cls, buf, offset=0):
+        """This method is deprecated. Please switch to GetRootAs."""
+        return cls.GetRootAs(buf, offset)
+    # Container
+    def Init(self, buf, pos):
+        self._tab = flatbuffers.table.Table(buf, pos)
+
+    # Container
+    def UType(self):
+        o = flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(self._tab.Offset(4))
+        if o != 0:
+            return self._tab.Get(flatbuffers.number_types.Uint8Flags, o + self._tab.Pos)
+        return 0
+
+    # Container
+    def U(self):
+        o = flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(self._tab.Offset(6))
+        if o != 0:
+            from flatbuffers.table import Table
+            obj = Table(bytearray(), 0)
+            self._tab.Union(obj, o)
+            return obj
+        return None
+
+def ContainerStart(builder):
+    builder.StartObject(2)
+
+def Start(builder):
+    ContainerStart(builder)
+
+def ContainerAddUType(builder, uType):
+    builder.PrependUint8Slot(0, uType, 0)
+
+def AddUType(builder, uType):
+    ContainerAddUType(builder, uType)
+
+def ContainerAddU(builder, u):
+    builder.PrependUOffsetTRelativeSlot(1, flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(u), 0)
+
+def AddU(builder, u):
+    ContainerAddU(builder, u)
+
+def ContainerEnd(builder):
+    return builder.EndObject()
+
+def End(builder):
+    return ContainerEnd(builder)
+
+import union_name_test.Bar
+import union_name_test.Foo
+import union_name_test.my_test_union
+try:
+    from typing import Union
+except:
+    pass
+
+class ContainerT(object):
+
+    # ContainerT
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        uType = 0,
+        u = None,
+    ):
+        self.uType = uType  # type: int
+        self.u = u  # type: Union[None, 'union_name_test.Foo.FooT', 'union_name_test.Bar.BarT']
+
+    @classmethod
+    def InitFromBuf(cls, buf, pos):
+        container = Container()
+        container.Init(buf, pos)
+        return cls.InitFromObj(container)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def InitFromPackedBuf(cls, buf, pos=0):
+        n = flatbuffers.encode.Get(flatbuffers.packer.uoffset, buf, pos)
+        return cls.InitFromBuf(buf, pos+n)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def InitFromObj(cls, container):
+        x = ContainerT()
+        x._UnPack(container)
+        return x
+
+    # ContainerT
+    def _UnPack(self, container):
+        if container is None:
+            return
+        self.uType = container.UType()
+        self.u = union_name_test.my_test_union.MyTestUnionCreator(self.uType, container.U())
+
+    # ContainerT
+    def Pack(self, builder):
+        if self.u is not None:
+            u = self.u.Pack(builder)
+        ContainerStart(builder)
+        ContainerAddUType(builder, self.uType)
+        if self.u is not None:
+            ContainerAddU(builder, u)
+        container = ContainerEnd(builder)
+        return container

tests/union_name_test/Foo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
+
+# namespace: union_name_test
+
+import flatbuffers
+from flatbuffers.compat import import_numpy
+np = import_numpy()
+
+class Foo(object):
+    __slots__ = ['_tab']
+
+    @classmethod
+    def GetRootAs(cls, buf, offset=0):
+        n = flatbuffers.encode.Get(flatbuffers.packer.uoffset, buf, offset)
+        x = Foo()
+        x.Init(buf, n + offset)
+        return x
+
+    @classmethod
+    def GetRootAsFoo(cls, buf, offset=0):
+        """This method is deprecated. Please switch to GetRootAs."""
+        return cls.GetRootAs(buf, offset)
+    # Foo
+    def Init(self, buf, pos):
+        self._tab = flatbuffers.table.Table(buf, pos)
+
+    # Foo
+    def Val(self):
+        o = flatbuffers.number_types.UOffsetTFlags.py_type(self._tab.Offset(4))
+        if o != 0:
+            return self._tab.Get(flatbuffers.number_types.Int32Flags, o + self._tab.Pos)
+        return 0
+
+def FooStart(builder):
+    builder.StartObject(1)
+
+def Start(builder):
+    FooStart(builder)
+
+def FooAddVal(builder, val):
+    builder.PrependInt32Slot(0, val, 0)
+
+def AddVal(builder, val):
+    FooAddVal(builder, val)
+
+def FooEnd(builder):
+    return builder.EndObject()
+
+def End(builder):
+    return FooEnd(builder)
+
+
+class FooT(object):
+
+    # FooT
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        val = 0,
+    ):
+        self.val = val  # type: int
+
+    @classmethod
+    def InitFromBuf(cls, buf, pos):
+        foo = Foo()
+        foo.Init(buf, pos)
+        return cls.InitFromObj(foo)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def InitFromPackedBuf(cls, buf, pos=0):
+        n = flatbuffers.encode.Get(flatbuffers.packer.uoffset, buf, pos)
+        return cls.InitFromBuf(buf, pos+n)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def InitFromObj(cls, foo):
+        x = FooT()
+        x._UnPack(foo)
+        return x
+
+    # FooT
+    def _UnPack(self, foo):
+        if foo is None:
+            return
+        self.val = foo.Val()
+
+    # FooT
+    def Pack(self, builder):
+        FooStart(builder)
+        FooAddVal(builder, self.val)
+        foo = FooEnd(builder)
+        return foo

tests/union_name_test/my_test_union.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
+
+# namespace: union_name_test
+
+class my_test_union(object):
+    NONE = 0
+    Foo = 1
+    Bar = 2
+
+def MyTestUnionCreator(unionType, table):
+    from flatbuffers.table import Table
+    if not isinstance(table, Table):
+        return None
+    if unionType == my_test_union.Foo:
+        import union_name_test.Foo
+        return union_name_test.Foo.FooT.InitFromBuf(table.Bytes, table.Pos)
+    if unionType == my_test_union.Bar:
+        import union_name_test.Bar
+        return union_name_test.Bar.BarT.InitFromBuf(table.Bytes, table.Pos)
+    return None